This document discusses class II division 1 malocclusion, which is characterized by a maxillary excess. Early intervention is important to intercept the forward growth of the maxilla. A Kloehn facebow with cervical headgear can be used in the mixed dentition stage once the permanent maxillary first molars have erupted. It works by restraining maxillary growth and distalizing the upper dentition. Treatment usually lasts 12 months to achieve a class I molar relationship before proceeding with fixed appliance therapy. The document outlines the components and mechanics of the Kloehn facebow for effective orthopedic correction of growing maxillary excess.
This document discusses class II malocclusion, specifically class II division 1 malocclusion featuring maxillary excess. It describes the features of class II malocclusion seen during mixed and permanent dentition stages including a protrusive midface and retrusive chin. It discusses using a Kloehn cervical facebow with headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage to intercept the developing malocclusion. The facebow applies orthopaedic forces to the maxilla in the correct direction and amount to guide its growth.
- Class 2 malocclusion is the second most common type of malocclusion and involves a distal relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth.
- Treatment options during the mixed and early permanent dentition include cervical headgear to distalize the maxilla and correct overjet. Headgear inhibits maxillary growth while allowing normal mandibular growth.
- Long term effects of early headgear treatment include reduced need for extraction treatment and wider dental arches maintained over time. Headgear is effective but requires patient compliance to wear the appliance as directed.
This document discusses class II malocclusion, specifically class II division 1 malocclusion featuring maxillary excess. It describes the features of class II malocclusion including a distal step relationship in the deciduous and early mixed dentition. It recommends early intervention utilizing a Kloehn facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition, achieving class I molar and canine relationships. Treatment is most effective when begun in late mixed dentition to coincide with the peak period of facial growth.
This document discusses Class II malocclusion, specifically Class II division 1 malocclusion. It describes the features of Class II division 1 malocclusion as maxillary excess with an excessive labial proclination and forward position of the maxillary anterior teeth. It recommends using a cervical headgear with a face bow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage to intercept developing Class II malocclusion. The face bow fits into headgear tubes bonded to the maxillary first molar bands. Treatment usually takes about 12 months to achieve a Class I molar relationship.
Class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal positioning of the lower teeth or mandible. Early intervention with a cervical facebow and headgear can help restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition in growing children with maxillary excess. The facebow is attached to bands on the upper first molars and applies orthopedic forces to redirect maxillary growth. Treatment typically lasts 12 months during the late mixed or early permanent dentition, coinciding with the peak period of facial growth.
1. Cervical headgear is used in class II malocclusion cases to distalize the maxillary molars and restrict maxillary growth, improving the class II skeletal discrepancy.
2. It works by applying forces from the cervical neck strap through an outer bow to bands on the maxillary first molars. This causes the maxillary molars to tip distally.
3. Long term effects of early headgear treatment show significant reduction in extraction treatment needs compared to controls. It inhibits maxillary growth and results in wider dental arches.
This document discusses class II malocclusions and the use of Kloehn facebows in treatment. It provides an overview of class II malocclusions, including prevalence, clinical findings, and cephalometric characteristics. Kloehn facebows can be used in early mixed dentition to intercept maxillary prognathism by applying orthopedic forces. The document also discusses indications, mechanics, effects, and risks of Kloehn facebow treatment.
This document discusses class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, clinical findings, and early interventions during the mixed dentition stage. It describes how class II malocclusion involves a distal position of the lower molars or mandible, or protrusion of the maxilla. Early signs may include a distal step relationship of the deciduous molars. Treatment options for growing maxillary excess include using a Kloehn cervical facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition into a class I relationship.
This document discusses class II malocclusion, specifically class II division 1 malocclusion featuring maxillary excess. It describes the features of class II malocclusion seen during mixed and permanent dentition stages including a protrusive midface and retrusive chin. It discusses using a Kloehn cervical facebow with headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage to intercept the developing malocclusion. The facebow applies orthopaedic forces to the maxilla in the correct direction and amount to guide its growth.
- Class 2 malocclusion is the second most common type of malocclusion and involves a distal relationship between the maxillary and mandibular teeth.
- Treatment options during the mixed and early permanent dentition include cervical headgear to distalize the maxilla and correct overjet. Headgear inhibits maxillary growth while allowing normal mandibular growth.
- Long term effects of early headgear treatment include reduced need for extraction treatment and wider dental arches maintained over time. Headgear is effective but requires patient compliance to wear the appliance as directed.
This document discusses class II malocclusion, specifically class II division 1 malocclusion featuring maxillary excess. It describes the features of class II malocclusion including a distal step relationship in the deciduous and early mixed dentition. It recommends early intervention utilizing a Kloehn facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition, achieving class I molar and canine relationships. Treatment is most effective when begun in late mixed dentition to coincide with the peak period of facial growth.
This document discusses Class II malocclusion, specifically Class II division 1 malocclusion. It describes the features of Class II division 1 malocclusion as maxillary excess with an excessive labial proclination and forward position of the maxillary anterior teeth. It recommends using a cervical headgear with a face bow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage to intercept developing Class II malocclusion. The face bow fits into headgear tubes bonded to the maxillary first molar bands. Treatment usually takes about 12 months to achieve a Class I molar relationship.
Class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal positioning of the lower teeth or mandible. Early intervention with a cervical facebow and headgear can help restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition in growing children with maxillary excess. The facebow is attached to bands on the upper first molars and applies orthopedic forces to redirect maxillary growth. Treatment typically lasts 12 months during the late mixed or early permanent dentition, coinciding with the peak period of facial growth.
1. Cervical headgear is used in class II malocclusion cases to distalize the maxillary molars and restrict maxillary growth, improving the class II skeletal discrepancy.
2. It works by applying forces from the cervical neck strap through an outer bow to bands on the maxillary first molars. This causes the maxillary molars to tip distally.
3. Long term effects of early headgear treatment show significant reduction in extraction treatment needs compared to controls. It inhibits maxillary growth and results in wider dental arches.
This document discusses class II malocclusions and the use of Kloehn facebows in treatment. It provides an overview of class II malocclusions, including prevalence, clinical findings, and cephalometric characteristics. Kloehn facebows can be used in early mixed dentition to intercept maxillary prognathism by applying orthopedic forces. The document also discusses indications, mechanics, effects, and risks of Kloehn facebow treatment.
This document discusses class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, clinical findings, and early interventions during the mixed dentition stage. It describes how class II malocclusion involves a distal position of the lower molars or mandible, or protrusion of the maxilla. Early signs may include a distal step relationship of the deciduous molars. Treatment options for growing maxillary excess include using a Kloehn cervical facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition into a class I relationship.
This document discusses class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, clinical findings, and early intervention approaches during the mixed dentition stage. It describes how class II malocclusion involves a distal position of the lower molars or mandible, or protrusion of the maxilla. Early signs may include a distal step relationship of the deciduous molars. Treatment can involve using a Kloehn cervical facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage to intercept the developing malocclusion.
The document discusses early intervention for class II division 1 malocclusion featuring maxillary excess. It describes using a Kloehn cervical facebow with a facebow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the early mixed dentition stage when permanent maxillary first molars have erupted. The facebow applies orthopedic forces to guide alveolar growth and correct the class II malocclusion before the end of active facial growth.
This document discusses class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, clinical findings, and early interventions during the mixed dentition stage. It describes how class II malocclusion involves a distal position of the lower molars or mandible, or protrusion of the maxilla. Early signs may include a distal step relationship of the deciduous molars. Treatment options discussed include use of a Kloehn cervical headgear with facebow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage.
1. Class II malocclusion features a distal position of the lower molar or mandible, or protrusion of the maxilla and maxillary teeth.
2. Early intervention with a Kloehn facebow cervical headgear can help intercept growing maxillary excess in the mixed dentition stage.
3. Treatment involves applying orthopaedic forces with the headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition into a Class I relationship.
This document discusses class II malocclusion and the use of Kloehn facebows in early intervention. It provides details on the components and mechanics of Kloehn facebows, noting they apply orthopaedic forces to restrain maxillary growth. Treatment is aimed at distalizing the maxillary dentition to achieve class I occlusion. The document outlines craniofacial features of class II malocclusion and effects of facebow therapy, including reduction of maxillary protrusion while allowing normal mandibular growth. Facebows are most effective when started in late mixed/early permanent dentition to coincide with facial growth spurts.
The document discusses class II malocclusion and early intervention using a Kloehn facebow. Key points include:
- Class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the mandibular dentition to the maxillary dentition. It involves maxillary excess, mandibular deficiency, or a combination.
- A Kloehn facebow applies cervical traction to restrain maxillary growth while allowing normal mandibular growth. It consists of inner and outer bows connected to maxillary first molar bands.
- Treatment with a Kloehn facebow in the late mixed/early permanent dentition redirects maxillary growth, distalizes maxillary molars, and can guide the mandible
The document discusses class II malocclusion, early intervention, and the use of Kloehn facebows. It notes that class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the mandibular dentition and is commonly treated using cervical headgear to restrain maxillary growth. The Kloehn facebow applies orthopedic forces to the maxilla via an outer bow connected to the ear and an inner bow fitted into bands on the maxillary first molars. When used for 12-18 months in the mixed dentition, it can correct class II malocclusions by distalizing the maxillary dentition and allowing normal mandibular growth.
The document discusses class II malocclusion and early intervention using a Kloehn facebow. Key points include:
- Class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the mandibular dentition to the maxillary dentition. It involves maxillary excess, mandibular deficiency, or a combination.
- A Kloehn facebow applies cervical traction to restrain maxillary growth while allowing normal mandibular growth. It consists of inner and outer bows connected to maxillary first molar bands.
- Treatment with a Kloehn facebow in the late mixed/early permanent dentition redirects maxillary growth, distalizes maxillary molars, and can guide the dentition
This document discusses Class II malocclusion, specifically Class II division 1 malocclusion which involves maxillary excess. It provides an overview of the features of Class II malocclusion including the prevalence, etiology, clinical findings during mixed and permanent dentition stages, and cephalometric characteristics. Early intervention for growing maxillary excess is also discussed, including the use of Kloehn cervical headgear with a facebow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition into a Class I relationship.
This document provides an overview of class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, etiology, and early intervention approaches. It discusses the use of Kloehn facebow cervical headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage when maxillary excess is present. The goal is to guide alveolar growth and establish a class I molar and canine relationship before the permanent dentition erupts fully. Components, mechanics, and timing of Kloehn facebow treatment are described. Potential adverse effects are also noted.
This document discusses class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, etiology, clinical findings, and early interventions during the mixed and permanent dentition stages. It describes how class II division 1 is characterized by a protrusive maxilla relative to the mandible. Early signs can include a distal step relationship of the deciduous molars. Treatment options discussed include use of a Kloehn facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage.
This document summarizes information about using a Kloehn facebow for treating class II malocclusions. It can be used in early mixed dentition when permanent maxillary first molars have erupted. The facebow applies orthopedic forces to guide maxillary growth and prevent lower molar extrusion. Potential side effects include unwanted tipping if used in high-angle cases. Compliance is important for success.
This document discusses features of class II division 1 malocclusion and early intervention for growing maxillary excess. It describes clinical findings such as mid-face protrusion and retrusive chin. Early intervention can include using a Kloehn cervical facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition. The facebow consists of inner and outer bows. Treatment is typically started in late mixed dentition or early permanent dentition to coincide with the facial growth spurt.
This document discusses Class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, and early intervention approaches for growing maxillary excess. It describes the characteristics seen during mixed and permanent dentition stages, such as a protrusive mid-face and retrusive chin. Early intervention can be done using a Kloehn cervical facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition toward a Class I relationship. The facebow consists of inner and outer bows that fit into molar bands. Treatment is typically done for 12 months during the growth spurt to guide development.
This document discusses Class II division 1 malocclusion, which is characterized by maxillary excess. Early intervention using a Kloehn facebow can help restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition. The facebow is fitted to maxillary first molar bands in the early mixed dentition stage. Wearing it 12-14 hours per day can help achieve a Class I molar relationship in about 12 months. This orthopedic correction phase is then followed by fixed appliance therapy.
This document discusses Class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, etiology, and early intervention approaches. It describes the characteristics seen during mixed and permanent dentition stages, such as a protrusive midface and retrusive chin. Early intervention can be done during deciduous and mixed dentition using a Kloehn cervical facebow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition. The facebow consists of inner and outer bows attached to maxillary first molar bands. Treatment typically lasts 12 months to achieve a Class I molar relationship.
The document discusses Kloehn facebow, which can be used in cases of maxillary prognathism or mesial molar movement to correct class II malocclusions. It is indicated in early mixed dentition when permanent maxillary first molars have erupted. Side effects include unwanted tipping if used in high-angle cases. Cervical headgear is also discussed for correcting class II malocclusions through distalizing the maxilla while allowing normal mandibular growth. Long-term effects include reduced need for extraction treatment and wider dental arches.
The document discusses Kloehn facebow, which can be used in cases of maxillary prognathism or mesial molar movement to intercept developing Class II malocclusions. It is indicated in early mixed dentition when permanent maxillary first molars have erupted. Cervical headgear is continued during or until the end of active clinical crown height placement to distalize maxillary molars and inhibit maxillary growth. The document also summarizes the prevalence, etiology, clinical findings and treatment of Class II malocclusions.
1. Class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the mandibular dentition to the maxillary dentition and is caused by maxillary protrusion, mandibular retrusion, or a combination of both.
2. Early intervention with a cervical facebow headgear can help restrain maxillary growth and distalize the maxillary dentition during the mixed dentition stage to correct a developing Class II malocclusion.
3. Treatment typically involves wearing a cervical headgear with facebow for 12-18 months to reduce maxillary protrusion and correct the molar and canine relationships before proceeding with fixed appliance therapy.
1. Class 2 malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the mandibular molars or retrusion of the mandible. It has a high prevalence among certain populations.
2. Clinical findings include a distal step relationship between the deciduous molars, large overjet, deep bite, and a class 2 molar and canine relationship. Cephalometric findings include a prognathic maxilla, retrognathic mandible, or combination of the two.
3. Interception of developing class 2 malocclusion can be done during the mixed dentition stage using a cervical headgear with facebow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition into a class 1
This document discusses behaviour management techniques for treating children in a dental setting. It defines behaviour shaping and modification, and outlines the objectives of behaviour management. It describes several classifications of children's behaviour put forth by Frankel, Lampshire and Wright. Non-pharmacological behaviour management methods are outlined, including communication, behaviour shaping techniques like desensitization and modelling, and contingency management. Additional techniques discussed are audio analgesia, biofeedback, voice control, humour, coping strategies, relaxation, hypnosis, implosion therapy and aversive conditioning.
This document discusses behavioural dentistry and guidelines for conscious sedation and general anesthesia. It defines behaviour as any observable change in an organism's functioning. Conscious sedation requires practitioners to be trained and continuously monitor patients' vital signs. General anesthesia may be used for uncooperative patients or those with medical compromises. Proper pre-operative, peri-operative, and post-operative procedures and patient instructions are important for safety.
This document discusses class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, clinical findings, and early intervention approaches during the mixed dentition stage. It describes how class II malocclusion involves a distal position of the lower molars or mandible, or protrusion of the maxilla. Early signs may include a distal step relationship of the deciduous molars. Treatment can involve using a Kloehn cervical facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage to intercept the developing malocclusion.
The document discusses early intervention for class II division 1 malocclusion featuring maxillary excess. It describes using a Kloehn cervical facebow with a facebow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the early mixed dentition stage when permanent maxillary first molars have erupted. The facebow applies orthopedic forces to guide alveolar growth and correct the class II malocclusion before the end of active facial growth.
This document discusses class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, clinical findings, and early interventions during the mixed dentition stage. It describes how class II malocclusion involves a distal position of the lower molars or mandible, or protrusion of the maxilla. Early signs may include a distal step relationship of the deciduous molars. Treatment options discussed include use of a Kloehn cervical headgear with facebow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage.
1. Class II malocclusion features a distal position of the lower molar or mandible, or protrusion of the maxilla and maxillary teeth.
2. Early intervention with a Kloehn facebow cervical headgear can help intercept growing maxillary excess in the mixed dentition stage.
3. Treatment involves applying orthopaedic forces with the headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition into a Class I relationship.
This document discusses class II malocclusion and the use of Kloehn facebows in early intervention. It provides details on the components and mechanics of Kloehn facebows, noting they apply orthopaedic forces to restrain maxillary growth. Treatment is aimed at distalizing the maxillary dentition to achieve class I occlusion. The document outlines craniofacial features of class II malocclusion and effects of facebow therapy, including reduction of maxillary protrusion while allowing normal mandibular growth. Facebows are most effective when started in late mixed/early permanent dentition to coincide with facial growth spurts.
The document discusses class II malocclusion and early intervention using a Kloehn facebow. Key points include:
- Class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the mandibular dentition to the maxillary dentition. It involves maxillary excess, mandibular deficiency, or a combination.
- A Kloehn facebow applies cervical traction to restrain maxillary growth while allowing normal mandibular growth. It consists of inner and outer bows connected to maxillary first molar bands.
- Treatment with a Kloehn facebow in the late mixed/early permanent dentition redirects maxillary growth, distalizes maxillary molars, and can guide the mandible
The document discusses class II malocclusion, early intervention, and the use of Kloehn facebows. It notes that class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the mandibular dentition and is commonly treated using cervical headgear to restrain maxillary growth. The Kloehn facebow applies orthopedic forces to the maxilla via an outer bow connected to the ear and an inner bow fitted into bands on the maxillary first molars. When used for 12-18 months in the mixed dentition, it can correct class II malocclusions by distalizing the maxillary dentition and allowing normal mandibular growth.
The document discusses class II malocclusion and early intervention using a Kloehn facebow. Key points include:
- Class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the mandibular dentition to the maxillary dentition. It involves maxillary excess, mandibular deficiency, or a combination.
- A Kloehn facebow applies cervical traction to restrain maxillary growth while allowing normal mandibular growth. It consists of inner and outer bows connected to maxillary first molar bands.
- Treatment with a Kloehn facebow in the late mixed/early permanent dentition redirects maxillary growth, distalizes maxillary molars, and can guide the dentition
This document discusses Class II malocclusion, specifically Class II division 1 malocclusion which involves maxillary excess. It provides an overview of the features of Class II malocclusion including the prevalence, etiology, clinical findings during mixed and permanent dentition stages, and cephalometric characteristics. Early intervention for growing maxillary excess is also discussed, including the use of Kloehn cervical headgear with a facebow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition into a Class I relationship.
This document provides an overview of class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, etiology, and early intervention approaches. It discusses the use of Kloehn facebow cervical headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage when maxillary excess is present. The goal is to guide alveolar growth and establish a class I molar and canine relationship before the permanent dentition erupts fully. Components, mechanics, and timing of Kloehn facebow treatment are described. Potential adverse effects are also noted.
This document discusses class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, etiology, clinical findings, and early interventions during the mixed and permanent dentition stages. It describes how class II division 1 is characterized by a protrusive maxilla relative to the mandible. Early signs can include a distal step relationship of the deciduous molars. Treatment options discussed include use of a Kloehn facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition during the mixed dentition stage.
This document summarizes information about using a Kloehn facebow for treating class II malocclusions. It can be used in early mixed dentition when permanent maxillary first molars have erupted. The facebow applies orthopedic forces to guide maxillary growth and prevent lower molar extrusion. Potential side effects include unwanted tipping if used in high-angle cases. Compliance is important for success.
This document discusses features of class II division 1 malocclusion and early intervention for growing maxillary excess. It describes clinical findings such as mid-face protrusion and retrusive chin. Early intervention can include using a Kloehn cervical facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition. The facebow consists of inner and outer bows. Treatment is typically started in late mixed dentition or early permanent dentition to coincide with the facial growth spurt.
This document discusses Class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, and early intervention approaches for growing maxillary excess. It describes the characteristics seen during mixed and permanent dentition stages, such as a protrusive mid-face and retrusive chin. Early intervention can be done using a Kloehn cervical facebow headgear to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition toward a Class I relationship. The facebow consists of inner and outer bows that fit into molar bands. Treatment is typically done for 12 months during the growth spurt to guide development.
This document discusses Class II division 1 malocclusion, which is characterized by maxillary excess. Early intervention using a Kloehn facebow can help restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition. The facebow is fitted to maxillary first molar bands in the early mixed dentition stage. Wearing it 12-14 hours per day can help achieve a Class I molar relationship in about 12 months. This orthopedic correction phase is then followed by fixed appliance therapy.
This document discusses Class II division 1 malocclusion, including its features, prevalence, etiology, and early intervention approaches. It describes the characteristics seen during mixed and permanent dentition stages, such as a protrusive midface and retrusive chin. Early intervention can be done during deciduous and mixed dentition using a Kloehn cervical facebow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition. The facebow consists of inner and outer bows attached to maxillary first molar bands. Treatment typically lasts 12 months to achieve a Class I molar relationship.
The document discusses Kloehn facebow, which can be used in cases of maxillary prognathism or mesial molar movement to correct class II malocclusions. It is indicated in early mixed dentition when permanent maxillary first molars have erupted. Side effects include unwanted tipping if used in high-angle cases. Cervical headgear is also discussed for correcting class II malocclusions through distalizing the maxilla while allowing normal mandibular growth. Long-term effects include reduced need for extraction treatment and wider dental arches.
The document discusses Kloehn facebow, which can be used in cases of maxillary prognathism or mesial molar movement to intercept developing Class II malocclusions. It is indicated in early mixed dentition when permanent maxillary first molars have erupted. Cervical headgear is continued during or until the end of active clinical crown height placement to distalize maxillary molars and inhibit maxillary growth. The document also summarizes the prevalence, etiology, clinical findings and treatment of Class II malocclusions.
1. Class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the mandibular dentition to the maxillary dentition and is caused by maxillary protrusion, mandibular retrusion, or a combination of both.
2. Early intervention with a cervical facebow headgear can help restrain maxillary growth and distalize the maxillary dentition during the mixed dentition stage to correct a developing Class II malocclusion.
3. Treatment typically involves wearing a cervical headgear with facebow for 12-18 months to reduce maxillary protrusion and correct the molar and canine relationships before proceeding with fixed appliance therapy.
1. Class 2 malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the mandibular molars or retrusion of the mandible. It has a high prevalence among certain populations.
2. Clinical findings include a distal step relationship between the deciduous molars, large overjet, deep bite, and a class 2 molar and canine relationship. Cephalometric findings include a prognathic maxilla, retrognathic mandible, or combination of the two.
3. Interception of developing class 2 malocclusion can be done during the mixed dentition stage using a cervical headgear with facebow to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper dentition into a class 1
This document discusses behaviour management techniques for treating children in a dental setting. It defines behaviour shaping and modification, and outlines the objectives of behaviour management. It describes several classifications of children's behaviour put forth by Frankel, Lampshire and Wright. Non-pharmacological behaviour management methods are outlined, including communication, behaviour shaping techniques like desensitization and modelling, and contingency management. Additional techniques discussed are audio analgesia, biofeedback, voice control, humour, coping strategies, relaxation, hypnosis, implosion therapy and aversive conditioning.
This document discusses behavioural dentistry and guidelines for conscious sedation and general anesthesia. It defines behaviour as any observable change in an organism's functioning. Conscious sedation requires practitioners to be trained and continuously monitor patients' vital signs. General anesthesia may be used for uncooperative patients or those with medical compromises. Proper pre-operative, peri-operative, and post-operative procedures and patient instructions are important for safety.
The document discusses various behavior management techniques used for treating uncooperative pediatric dental patients. It describes techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise, physical restraint, aversive conditioning, implosion therapy, and retraining. It provides details on how each technique is performed and guidelines on their appropriate usage. The overall aim of these techniques is to modify undesired behaviors and facilitate quality dental treatment for children.
Class 2 malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the lower teeth to the upper teeth. Early intervention during the mixed dentition stage can address a developing Class 2 malocclusion caused by maxillary excess. A Kloehn facebow with cervical headgear can be used to restrain maxillary growth and distalize the upper molars, helping to correct the Class 2 relationship and overjet. The facebow is most effective when worn for 12-14 hours per day during the period of rapid maxillary growth.
1. Class II malocclusion is characterized by a distal relationship of the maxillary teeth to the mandibular teeth and is one of the most common types of malocclusion.
2. Early signs in the deciduous and mixed dentition include a distal step relationship of the deciduous molars, large overjet, and narrow maxillary arch width.
3. Interceptive treatment during the mixed dentition aims to correct the sagittal jaw relationship and involves appliances like the Kloehn facebow to restrain maxillary growth.
1) Various behavior management techniques are described including desensitization, modeling, contingency management, and aversive conditioning.
2) Aversive conditioning techniques include voice control, the hand-over-mouth exercise, and physical restraint to redirect a child's attention and reduce avoidance behavior.
3) Behavior modification aims to facilitate cooperation through techniques like preparing the child beforehand, using positive reinforcement, and exposing the child to anxiety-provoking stimuli in a gradual, controlled way until their negative response extinguishes.
1) The document discusses various behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry including desensitization, modeling, contingency management, voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise, physical restraint, implosion therapy, and retraining.
2) Desensitization involves exposing children to stimuli related to dental treatment in a gradual, repeated manner to reduce anxiety while modeling and contingency management use reinforcement to encourage positive behaviors.
3) Aversive techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercises, and physical restraint aim to redirect disruptive behavior but require strict guidelines around appropriate use.
This document discusses various behavior management techniques used for treating uncooperative pediatric dental patients. It describes techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise, and physical restraint that aim to redirect a child's attention and modify their behavior. It also explains behavior modification methods like desensitization, modeling, and contingency management that use reinforcement to encourage positive behaviors. The document provides details on how to implement these aversive and non-aversive approaches and notes appropriate and contraindicated uses of different restraint techniques.
The document discusses various behavior management techniques used for treating uncooperative pediatric dental patients. It describes precautions that must be taken when using stabilization techniques. It then explains in detail various behavior modification techniques like desensitization, modeling, and contingency management. It also discusses aversive conditioning techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise, and physical restraint. Other topics covered include coping mechanisms, relaxation training, implosion therapy, and retraining approaches.
The document discusses various behavior management techniques used for pediatric dental patients, including desensitization, modeling, and contingency management. It describes in detail aversive conditioning techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise, and physical restraint. Precautions for patient safety and indications and contraindications for different techniques are provided. The goal is to modify uncooperative behavior and facilitate quality dental treatment.
The document discusses various behavior management techniques used for treating uncooperative pediatric dental patients. It describes precautions that must be taken when using stabilization techniques. It then explains in detail techniques like desensitization, modeling, contingency management, preappointment preparation, coping strategies, relaxation, aversive conditioning including voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise and physical restraint, implosion therapy, and retraining. The goal is to modify undesired behaviors and facilitate quality dental treatment for children.
Behaviour modification techniques aim to reduce dental anxiety in children. Dessensitization involves gradually exposing children to stimuli related to dental treatment, from telling to showing to doing. Modelling allows children to observe appropriate behaviours. Contingency management uses reinforcement to modify behaviour by presenting or withdrawing rewards. Aversive conditioning techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercises, and physical restraint are used as a last resort to manage disruptive behaviour and allow treatment.
This document discusses various behavior management techniques used for pediatric dental patients. It begins by describing behavior modification techniques like desensitization, modeling, and contingency management. It then discusses preappointment preparation, audioanalgesia, hypnosis, coping mechanisms, relaxation, and aversive conditioning techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercises, and physical restraint. Finally, it briefly mentions implosion therapy and retraining approaches. The overall document provides an overview of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological behavior management strategies used in pediatric dentistry.
This document discusses various behavior modification techniques used in dentistry, including desensitization, modeling, and contingency management. Desensitization involves gradually exposing patients to anxiety-provoking stimuli. Modeling allows patients to observe appropriate behaviors. Contingency management modifies behavior through reinforcement. Other techniques covered include pre-appointment preparation, audioanalgesia, hypnosis, coping mechanisms, relaxation, aversive conditioning using voice control or restraints, implosion therapy, and retraining.
This document discusses various behavior modification techniques used in dentistry, including desensitization, modeling, and contingency management. Desensitization involves gradually exposing patients to anxiety-provoking stimuli. Modeling allows patients to observe appropriate behaviors. Contingency management modifies behavior through reinforcement. Other techniques covered include pre-appointment preparation, audioanalgesia, hypnosis, coping mechanisms, relaxation, aversive conditioning using voice control or hand-over-mouth exercises, physical restraint, implosion therapy, and retraining.
This document discusses various behavior modification techniques used in pediatric dentistry. It describes communication approaches like using a child's name and euphemisms. Behavior modification is defined as altering behavior according to learning theory. Techniques include desensitization by gradually exposing children to dental stimuli, modeling by demonstrating appropriate behaviors, and contingency management using reinforcers. Other approaches covered are preappointment preparation, audioanalgesia, hypnosis, coping mechanisms, relaxation, aversive conditioning techniques like voice control and hand-over-mouth exercises, as well as physical restraint and implosion therapy.
This document discusses various non-pharmacological behavior management techniques used in pediatric dentistry. It covers communication techniques, behavior modification including desensitization, modeling and contingency management. It also discusses pre-appointment preparation and techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise, physical restraint, implosion therapy, and retraining that aim to modify disruptive behaviors in children undergoing dental treatment.
This document discusses various non-pharmacological behaviour management techniques used for managing child patients in dentistry. It describes communication, behaviour modification techniques like desensitization, modelling and contingency management. It also discusses pre-appointment behaviour modification, aversive conditioning techniques like voice control, hand-over-mouth exercise and physical restraint. Other techniques mentioned include implosion therapy, relaxation and retraining. The document emphasizes establishing strong communication and using reinforcement to modify undesirable behaviours and help children cope with dental treatment.
This document discusses various non-pharmacological behavior management techniques used for pediatric dental patients. It covers communication strategies, behavior modification techniques like desensitization and modeling, and contingency management using reinforcement. It also discusses aversive conditioning techniques like voice control, the hand-over-mouth exercise, and physical restraint. The goal of these techniques is to establish rapport, modify undesired behaviors, and facilitate dental treatment for children.
1. The document discusses Class II malocclusion, including prevalence, clinical and cephalometric findings, and interceptive treatment using Kloehn facebow headgear.
2. Kloehn facebow headgear applies orthopedic forces to restrain maxillary growth and allow mandibular growth, improving the class II skeletal discrepancy.
3. Treatment for 12-18 months can reduce maxillary protrusion while allowing normal mandibular growth, improving the facial profile and achieving a class I molar and overjet relationship.
Call8328958814 satta matka Kalyan result satta guessing➑➌➋➑➒➎➑➑➊➍
Satta Matka Kalyan Main Mumbai Fastest Results
Satta Matka ❋ Sattamatka ❋ New Mumbai Ratan Satta Matka ❋ Fast Matka ❋ Milan Market ❋ Kalyan Matka Results ❋ Satta Game ❋ Matka Game ❋ Satta Matka ❋ Kalyan Satta Matka ❋ Mumbai Main ❋ Online Matka Results ❋ Satta Matka Tips ❋ Milan Chart ❋ Satta Matka Boss❋ New Star Day ❋ Satta King ❋ Live Satta Matka Results ❋ Satta Matka Company ❋ Indian Matka ❋ Satta Matka 143❋ Kalyan Night Matka..
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdownjeffkluth1
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on Investing in AI for ABS Alu...Herman Kienhuis
Presentation by Herman Kienhuis (Curiosity VC) on developments in AI, the venture capital investment landscape and Curiosity VC's approach to investing, at the alumni event of Amsterdam Business School (University of Amsterdam) on June 13, 2024 in Amsterdam.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In a world where the potential of youth innovation remains vastly untouched, there emerges a guiding light in the form of Norm Goldstein, the Founder and CEO of EduNetwork Partners. His dedication to this cause has earned him recognition as a Congressional Leadership Award recipient.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...BBPMedia1
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
Profiles of Iconic Fashion Personalities.pdfTTop Threads
The fashion industry is dynamic and ever-changing, continuously sculpted by trailblazing visionaries who challenge norms and redefine beauty. This document delves into the profiles of some of the most iconic fashion personalities whose impact has left a lasting impression on the industry. From timeless designers to modern-day influencers, each individual has uniquely woven their thread into the rich fabric of fashion history, contributing to its ongoing evolution.
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Final ank Satta Matka Dpbos Final ank Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Matka Guessing Final Matka Final ank Today Matka 420 Satta Batta Satta 143 Kalyan Chart Main Bazar Chart vip Matka Guessing Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan night
𝐔𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐢𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐄𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐍𝐄𝐖𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐃𝐄’𝐬 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐎𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬
Explore the details in our newly released product manual, which showcases NEWNTIDE's advanced heat pump technologies. Delve into our energy-efficient and eco-friendly solutions tailored for diverse global markets.
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
4 Benefits of Partnering with an OnlyFans Agency for Content Creators.pdfonlyfansmanagedau
In the competitive world of content creation, standing out and maximising revenue on platforms like OnlyFans can be challenging. This is where partnering with an OnlyFans agency can make a significant difference. Here are five key benefits for content creators considering this option:
4 Benefits of Partnering with an OnlyFans Agency for Content Creators.pdf
DFUYG8O.pptx
1. Habits. Non-nutritive sucking habits such as prolonged
thumb and finger sucking are taken care of with appropriate
counselling and interceptive habit breaking appliance.A
child with recurrent throat infection, nasal blockages or
allergies should have ENT consultation to prevent mouth
breathing.
Mouth breathing ENT consultation
6. Class 2 malocclusion comprises agroup of specific
skeletal. Dental and facial features. It is second in
frequency. Distribution and prevalence amongAngle’s
malocclusion classes .
It is the most frequently encountered and treated
malocclusion in orthodontic practice
7.
8. Effect o f cervical headgear on dental/
craniofacial structures in sagittal, vertical and
transverse dimensions..
Following 12-18 months of treatment, there is a reduction
in maxillary protrusion, while mandible continues to
Grow normally. The distalizing effect on maxillary molars
causes them to erupt backward and downward, thus inhibit
loweringof the posterior region of the maxilla, while
anterior region continues to move downward.
.
9.
10. if the maxilla is restrained in class II patients, mandible will
follow its normal growth and reach to a normal relation with
the maxilla.
11. SHORTEST-
term effects
The long-term effects of early headgear treatment on 8-year
follow-up have shown that headgear treatment shows a
significant reduction in number of extraction treatment as
compared to controls. The appliance inhibits the growth of
the maxilla and results in wider and longer arches. Its main
effect on maxilla is on the orientation of the maxillary plane.
The maxillary arch expansion achieved during early headgear
treatment results in a corresponding wide lower arch as an
adaptation to maxillary arch..
The arch expansion has been found to be maintained during
long-term follow-up
12. cervical traction is continued during/or till the end of
activeclinical crown height. The purpose is to place it close
to centre of resistance of the first molar which is near the
trifurcation of the roots. The inner bow has stops against
molar tubes and are so adjusted that a space of 4-6 mm is
kept between the bow and incisors. The stops can be either
soldered or bent..
13. Aclass II skeletal pattern may be associated with:
prognathic maxilla retrognathic mandible or combination
of these in varying severity…
Prognathic maxilla
Rertognathic mandible
14. Orthodontic interventions in class II
malocclusion during mixed dentition..
1- Cases involving essentially maxillary excess compared
to the mandible.
2 - Cases involving essentially mandibular retrusion .
15. Orthodontic interventions in class II
malocclusion during deciduous dentition :
Only limited orthodontic interventions are possible during
the deciduous dentition stage for the interception of
developing class II malocclusion…..
16. The anterior segment of maxilla is more
protrusive and superiorly positioned. Excessive
anterior cranial base length and enlarged frontal
and maxillary sinus may be a contributing factor in
the development of class IIdiv. 1 malocclusion.
The mandible and dentition were identical to those
of the controls in size, form and position..
17. Clinical findings
Presentation during deciduous and early mixed
dentition..
• Adistal step relationship 2nd deciduous molars is an
indication of a devoloping class 2 malocclusion during
the mixed dentition ..
Mixed dentition Permanent dentition
18. This is often accompanied by a large overjet,
deep bite (open bite can be seen in some) and a
class II (distal) molar, premolar and canine
relationship.
.
Large over jet
Deep bite
19. Age of treatment
Kloehn facebow can be used in suitable cases where
maxillary prognathism exists or mesial molar movement has
occurred. The facebow is indicated in early mixed dentition
when permanent maxillary first molars have erupted and can
be banded.
20. Occlusal and craniofacial characteristics from
deciduous to mixed dentition
• It has been stated by Bishara et al that a distal step deciduous
molar relationship is never self - correcting in growing
children.
• Children with straight terminal plane may develop into a class |
molar or class || molar relationship influenced by the
mandibular growth pattern and adjustment of occlusion during
the late mixed dentition .that would in clinical sense .
• Infer that when we encounter a class|| distal molar relation
early in the mixed or permanent dentition.
• Some sort of interceptive measures may have to be undertaken
or planned because nature would not take care
21. Prevalence of malocclusion of class 2
malocclusion.
Cephalometric finding.
Clinical findings.
Interception of growing class2 division 1
malocclusion.
OVERVIEW
22. The outer face bow is extended to the tragus of the ear.
The rigid outer bow is maintained at an elevation of about
treatment to prevent relapse and enhance anchorage for
maxillary anterior retraction/overjet correction
23. The forward growing maxilla can be intercepted during
mixed dentition utilising orthopaedic forces in right
direction and amount with Kloehn face bow
This modality of treatment was once very popular
especially in USA. The appliance is effective however
requires patient compliance..
24. Adverse effects
Unwanted side effects of Kloehn headgear can result from
the use of this method of treatment in high angle cases,
where molar extrusion and distal tipping may be significant.
This coupled with unfavourable growth of mandible and
clockwise rotation may bring about an undesirable outcome.
The success of the treatment is fully compliance dependent.
The appliance, if not worn correctly or in case of loose
molar band, breakage or welding failure of buccal tube(s),
may cause injury of various kinds and severity.
25. McNamara5 observed two types of skeletal
combinationsin class II children. He found
mandibular retrusion thesingle most
characteristic feature which was attributed
toenvironmental factors such as :
abnormal muscle
function which
altered occlusal
interdigitations.
26. Prevalence
The prevalence of Angle’s class 2 malocclusion varies
among population groups.. It is high among caucasians
and lowest among the primitive races..
Class 2 malocclusions are observed in a wide – spectrum
of presentation and severity …
27. Maintenance of healthy primary dentition.
All efforts are directed
towards maintenance of the
healthy primary dentition
and thus integrity of arch
length. This is achieved
through education and
home care by all the
measures that minimize
occurrence of dental caries.
.
28. The underlying craniofacial pattern of class II children has
been extensively investigated. Most of the studies have
concentrated on angular, sagittal and vertical
measurements on lateral cephalograms. A few studies are
also available ontransverse dimensions using PA
cephalograms.
PA. CEPHALOGRAM
LA
T. CEPHALOGRAM
29. Restoration of carious teeth to their correct antero posterior
dimensions is absolutely essential especially proximal
carious lesions on deciduous molars.
The sole purpose is that permanent first molars should
occupy the space distal to 2nd deciduous molars and
should not prematurely migrate forward.
6
E
30. mkjgydfgubghip9 nh
Iftfghiohiy tuighbijluc di67fghni
Oivc6 fghiohbv o87by9uijh bvo8gi ry6ds67thy
867dv56tgiuohg8uo7tyuijol
Jgffvrgihguo
Moyers et al6 (1980) have identified six
horizontal types of class II pattern which they
designated: A, B,C, D, E and F.They identified
five (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) vertical class II types ..
31. • The mandible grows at a lesser pace than children with
normal occlusion.
• A more backward and downward inclination of the
mandibular body leading to a lesser decrease in the facial
angle is seen .
32. is reduced while sagittal position of the mandible
improves, which is measured as a reduction in angleANB.
The improvement in craniofacial skeletal and dental profile
is sustained during the period of fixed
appliance therapy and post retention period.
33. Occlusal and craniofacial characteristics from
deciduous to mixed dentition
• Distal terminal plane of second deciduous molars . Large
over jet and overbite .
• Narrow maxillary basal bone
• Poor or no spacing in the deciduous dentition
• Transverse discrepancy ( TD) between maxillary and
mandibular deciduous intermolar withs (2.8-1.1) mm
compared to nil among normal occlusal groups .
• Retruded mandible and shorter mandibular length ( Co-Pg)
on cephalometric examination
• The maxilla can also displaced forward in class || subjects
with or without difference in the mandible ..
34.
35. downward tipping
of palatal plane at the anterior nasal spine (ANS).
causes rotation of the palatal plane and slight increase in
SN-PP angle. The inferior descent or extrusion of upper
molars is essentially prevented by the forces of occlusion
from the masticatory muscles.
36. Aforce 350 gm is used from cervical gear to the outer bow.
The cervical headgear is recommended to be worn 12-14
hrs/day, in the evening and at night
It usually takes about 12 months to achieve class I molar
relation.
improvement in over jet. This phase of orthopaedic
correction is followed by full bonded fixed mechanotherapy
37. Cases involving essentially maxillary excess compared to
the mandible. Involve guiding alveolar growth in class II
division 1 using headgear orthopaedic force.
Used in class 2 with open bite
cases to intrude molars
Used in class 2 with deep bite
cases to extrude molars
38. The etiology may be attributed to mouth
breathing/prolonged thumb sucking which can be
elicited on carefully recording the history of the
patient….
THUMP SUCKING
MOUTH BREATHING
41. For type B and E, extraoral traction to maxilla is
suggested while for C, D and F functional jaw
orthopaedics is proposed….
42. their extrusion
The inner bow is expanded, 8 to 10 mm larger than distance
between first molar tubes, and made parallel to the occlusal
plane.
The ends of inner bows are bent inwards to prevent the
rotation of the first molars in their position.
43.
44.
45. Supervisor . Dr Maher
Fouda
Prepared by Hawwa
Shoaib
Class II division 1 malocclusion:
features and early intervention of
growing maxillary excess
46. Class 2 malocclusion is a synonym with distal position of
the lower molar or mandible or protrusion of the maxilla
and maxillary teeth or a variable combination
47. Occlusal and craniofacial findings of class II
malocclusion during late mixed/permanent dentition stage
• A child with class II malocclusion presents with a
protrusive mid-face and/or a retrusive chin. They often
report with complaints of superior protrusion, front teeth
jutting out or showing too much.
.
Mid – face protrusive
Retrusive chin
48. These children have an aberrant pattern of
muscle activity of the facial musculature such as
a flaccid upper lip hyperactive mentalis and
lower lip trap under the procumbent upper
incisors.
Lower lip trap
under the
procumbent
upper incisors
49. The skeletal maxillary protrusion was not the major finding.
But was rather neutral.
The 2nd was a combination of maxillary and mandibular
skeletal retrusion, often in association with altered mode of
respiration, i.e. mouth breathing.
These children with maxillary and mandibular retrusion
showed :
Greater vertical
development of the
face
50. An excessive labial
proclination and forward
position of the maxillary
anterior teeth is a
common finding in class
IIdivision 1
malocclusion.
The maxillary first
molar is more mesially
positioned ..
Class 2 division 1 , division 2 : the upper first molar mesially
positioned.
51.
52. Acervical headgear with
a face bow is used to
restrain maxillary growth
and distalize the upper
dentition to
class I dentition.
53. Components of a face bow
Kloehn cervical facebow consists of an inner bow of 0.045"
diameter and an outer bow of 0.071" diameter. The inner
bow fits in the round headgear tube on the first molar
bands. Conventionally, a double buccal tube is welded and
soldered on to the maxillary first molar bands..
The inner face bow fits in the headgear tube on
first molar bands
Inner and outer facebow
54.
55.
56. Filho et al8 recommended the onset of treatment
in the late mixed dentition or beginning of the permanent
dentition based on the belief that it often coincides with the
facial growth spurt. It may also have the advantage of
continuing the treatment with full-banded fixed appliance,
following completion of 12 months of the first phase.