Monitoring children's health is of fundamental importance. With the widespread use of Android phones, applications to improve health services have become an option. This study aimed to comprehensively describe the development phase of an Android application (app) for healthy children in Indonesia, conducted in March-October 2021. The DEPA app was developed in the Indonesian Language (Bahasa) and is an acronym for Desain Aplikasi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak or children’s growth and development app. The DEPA app uses 4D theory which includes defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. Focus group discussions were conducted with stakeholders to determine the needs assessment, find concepts, and develop content, features, and functions. The eligibility score for the assessment by media and material experts was 4.12, while the usability testing using PSSUQ was 1.8. Results showed the DEPA app was successfully created and available on the Play Store. The analyses showed that the media and content scores were 4.5 and 4.3, respectively, while the PPSUQ was 1.8, which means it has good usability. The DEPA app is a new approach to health children monitoring which has the potential to be implemented by mothers, cadres, early childhood teachers and health programs.
Prototype design of a mobile app oriented to adults with obesityIJECEIAES
Obesity in adults is a worldwide problem, which is why different countries, through their health-related agencies, implement policies to fight this disease. One of the tools is the use of a mobile application that controls obesity. In this sense, the prototype was designed taking into account different items such as physical activities, body mass index, calorie intake, and food options, among others. The objective of the research is to design a mobile app that allows us to control of obesity in adults. The methodology used is design thinking which allows us to use a systematic approach to reach the objective. An interview was conducted to identify the needs of the user and obtain information regarding their essential needs. In addition, a survey was carried out, the outcome shows satisfaction with a 58% acceptance rate. The beneficiaries of this research are adults who suffer from obesity and healthcare centers. Likewise, research has a positive impact since it focuses on solving problems directly related to health issues.
GERMAS TOOL TO SUPPORT THE TRANSFORMATION OF HEALTH SERVICES IN INDONESIA: PE...indexPub
Community Movement for Healthy Living (GERMAS) is a government program that promotes healthy living in Indonesia. This study seeks to investigate the perspective of primary care health professionals on the development of GERMAS tools in order to facilitate the transformation of health services. The research utilized a qualitative design and Rapid Assessment Procedures approach, collecting data through focus group discussions in Sleman Regency in 2023. Futher we analyze GERMAS activities, strengths and weaknesses, instrument development, and challenges. Result showed that according to health worker perspectives the implementation of Germas is crucial for improving public health in communities. However, barriers include limited funding, uneven distribution of efforts, and lack of role models. Digital literacy is needed to address these issues, including knowledge, disease history, prevention, and access to consultations with health providers. This literacy should be accessible, easy to understand, and small in size to avoid consuming large storage device data. So we conclude that health provider need a comprehensive GERMAS tool to support and controlling the implementation of GERMAS to increase health prevention and promotion.
IS A WEBSITE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN WHATSAPP? AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO INCREASE ...indexPub
Adolescent anemia is a global health problem. The ability of adolescents to prevent and treat anemia is directly related to the knowledge and attitudes they possess. This was to determine the effectiveness of education using websites and WhatsApp to increase the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents regarding anemia. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest with control group design. The research was conducted in March and April 2023 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The intervention was a website and WhatsApp education, while the outcome were knowledge and attitude measured at baseline and end line. The study sample was 61 experimental group student and 44 control groups determined by multistage sampling. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann- Whitney tests using SPSS. The results showed that knowledge and attitude of adolescents both in the website and WhatsApp groups increased; knowledge scores in the website group baseline and end line were 90.87 and 95.4, respectively, with a change of 5,1%. While in the WhatsApp group, there were 85.6 and 94.8, with a change of 10.7%. The average pre-test and post-test attitude scores in the website group were 63.8 and 69.3 with a change of 8.6%, while in the WhatsApp group they were 83.3 and 89.1 with a change of 40.6%. The results showed that the increase in knowledge and attitudes in the WhatsApp group was significant: 1.02 (1.00–1.84) and 1.07 (91.01-0.96), respectively. As a conclusion, WhatsApp is more effective in increasing knowledge and attitude compared to website education.
Prototype design of a mobile app oriented to adults with obesityIJECEIAES
Obesity in adults is a worldwide problem, which is why different countries, through their health-related agencies, implement policies to fight this disease. One of the tools is the use of a mobile application that controls obesity. In this sense, the prototype was designed taking into account different items such as physical activities, body mass index, calorie intake, and food options, among others. The objective of the research is to design a mobile app that allows us to control of obesity in adults. The methodology used is design thinking which allows us to use a systematic approach to reach the objective. An interview was conducted to identify the needs of the user and obtain information regarding their essential needs. In addition, a survey was carried out, the outcome shows satisfaction with a 58% acceptance rate. The beneficiaries of this research are adults who suffer from obesity and healthcare centers. Likewise, research has a positive impact since it focuses on solving problems directly related to health issues.
GERMAS TOOL TO SUPPORT THE TRANSFORMATION OF HEALTH SERVICES IN INDONESIA: PE...indexPub
Community Movement for Healthy Living (GERMAS) is a government program that promotes healthy living in Indonesia. This study seeks to investigate the perspective of primary care health professionals on the development of GERMAS tools in order to facilitate the transformation of health services. The research utilized a qualitative design and Rapid Assessment Procedures approach, collecting data through focus group discussions in Sleman Regency in 2023. Futher we analyze GERMAS activities, strengths and weaknesses, instrument development, and challenges. Result showed that according to health worker perspectives the implementation of Germas is crucial for improving public health in communities. However, barriers include limited funding, uneven distribution of efforts, and lack of role models. Digital literacy is needed to address these issues, including knowledge, disease history, prevention, and access to consultations with health providers. This literacy should be accessible, easy to understand, and small in size to avoid consuming large storage device data. So we conclude that health provider need a comprehensive GERMAS tool to support and controlling the implementation of GERMAS to increase health prevention and promotion.
IS A WEBSITE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN WHATSAPP? AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY TO INCREASE ...indexPub
Adolescent anemia is a global health problem. The ability of adolescents to prevent and treat anemia is directly related to the knowledge and attitudes they possess. This was to determine the effectiveness of education using websites and WhatsApp to increase the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents regarding anemia. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest with control group design. The research was conducted in March and April 2023 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The intervention was a website and WhatsApp education, while the outcome were knowledge and attitude measured at baseline and end line. The study sample was 61 experimental group student and 44 control groups determined by multistage sampling. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Mann- Whitney tests using SPSS. The results showed that knowledge and attitude of adolescents both in the website and WhatsApp groups increased; knowledge scores in the website group baseline and end line were 90.87 and 95.4, respectively, with a change of 5,1%. While in the WhatsApp group, there were 85.6 and 94.8, with a change of 10.7%. The average pre-test and post-test attitude scores in the website group were 63.8 and 69.3 with a change of 8.6%, while in the WhatsApp group they were 83.3 and 89.1 with a change of 40.6%. The results showed that the increase in knowledge and attitudes in the WhatsApp group was significant: 1.02 (1.00–1.84) and 1.07 (91.01-0.96), respectively. As a conclusion, WhatsApp is more effective in increasing knowledge and attitude compared to website education.
Tele Health The Improvement Process of Healthcare among Elderly during the CO...YogeshIJTSRD
In the current COVID 19 pandemic, where social distance is the norm and hospitals have turned into infection hotspots, its vital for health care providers to figure out how to provide care to the elderly while limiting their exposure to healthcare environments. In light of the ongoing pandemic, it has been suggested that older people be replaced by virtual visits and told to attend to the doctor right away. Telehealth based therapies have emerged as viable options for overcoming these geriatric care delivery roadblocks. Even in the most remote regions, technological developments have solved the challenge of telehealth access. Teleconsultation is becoming a realistic option for the elderly and health care practitioners in this age of information technology. Despite the fact that the difficulties we face are complex and hence cannot be addressed with a single, all encompassing solution, telemedicine and tele health based interventions appear to hold promise in complementing our efforts in this area. In terms of providing quality treatment without having to relocate, telehealth is useful for both the elderly and healthcare providers. Jukkrit Wungrath | Supaprawat Siripipatthanakul | Bordin Phayaphrom "Tele-Health: The Improvement Process of Healthcare among Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43851.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/43851/telehealth-the-improvement-process-of-healthcare-among-elderly-during-the-covid19-pandemic/jukkrit-wungrath
A CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK SUPPORTING OBESITY AWARENESS IN SERIOUS GAMEijma
There is an increasing number of Malaysians being overweight and obese over the years. Lack of health
awareness on obesity issue primely, leads to the high number of people being unhealthy and obese. Hence,
the need to raise health awareness on obesity. Conventionally, there are various programmes to create
obesity awareness by various organizations. Since technology applications have been common among the
people nowadays, implementation of serious game in supporting obesity awareness will be able to attract
users to play the game whilst gain knowledge and lead to behaviour change. This paper aimed to develop a
proposed conceptual framework in serious game that intends to raise health awareness on obesity.
Previous research suggested only a few methodologies, frameworks and models have been proposed to
guide the serious game design and development. In this study, the conceptual framework proposed is based
on Information-Motivation-Behavioural (IMB) model that serve health promotion and influence change of
behaviour. The development of this conceptual framework includes the implementation of game
components suitable in creating obesity awareness game and could impact the players’ cognitive and
behaviour change.
Early child development: Report on case studiesDRIVERS
Case study produced as part of the DRIVERS project. The objective of case studies in areas that are key drivers of health inequities is to identify services, policies or practices that are already in place that have the potential to reduce inequalities in health and its social determinants.
A retrospective review of the Honduras AIN-C program guided by a community he...HFG Project
Factors that influence performance of community health workers (CHWs) delivering health services are not well understood. A recent logic model proposed categories of support from both health sector and communities influence CHW performance and program outcomes. This logic model has been used to review a growth monitoring program delivered by CHWs in Honduras, known as Atención Integral a la Niñez en la Comunidad (AIN-C). A retrospective review of AIN-C was conducted through a document desk review and supplemented with in-depth interviews. Documents were systematically coded using the categories from the logic model, and gaps were addressed through interviews. Authors reviewed coded data for each category to analyze program details and outcomes as well as identify potential issues and gaps in the logic model.
This document was developed with inputs from many institutions and experts. Several individuals deserve special mention. Mary Arimond, Kathryn Dewey and Marie Ruel developed the analytical framework and provided technical oversight throughout the project. Eunyong Chung and Anne Swindale provided technical support. Nita Bhandari, Roberta Cohen, Hilary Creed de Kanashiro, Christine Hotz, Mourad Moursi, Helena Pachon and Cecilia C. Santos-Acuin conducted analysis of data sets. Chessa Lutter coordinated a working group to update the breastfeeding indicators. Mary Arimond and Megan Deitchler coordinated the working group that developed the Operational Guide on measurement issues which is a companion to this document. Bernadette Daelmans and José Martines coordinated the project throughout its phases. Participants in the consensus meetings held in Geneva 3–4 October 2006 and in Washington, DC 6–8 November 2007 provided invaluable inputs to formulate the recommendations put forward in this document.
Original PaperWho Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does U.docxvannagoforth
Original Paper
Who Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does Use Matter? A
Secondary Data Analytics Approach
Jennifer K Carroll1, MPH, MD; Anne Moorhead2, MSc, MA, MICR, CSci, FNutr (Public Health), PhD; Raymond
Bond3, PhD; William G LeBlanc1, PhD; Robert J Petrella4, MD, PhD, FCFP, FACSM; Kevin Fiscella5, MPH, MD
1Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
2School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
3School of Computing & Maths, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
4Lawson Health Research Institute, Family Medicine, Kinesiology and Cardiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
5Family Medicine, Public Health Sciences and Community Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
Corresponding Author:
Jennifer K Carroll, MPH, MD
Department of Family Medicine
University of Colorado
Mail Stop F496
12631 E. 17th Ave
Aurora, CO, 80045
United States
Phone: 1 303 724 9232
Fax: 1 303 724 9747
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Mobile phone use and the adoption of healthy lifestyle software apps (“health apps”) are rapidly proliferating.
There is limited information on the users of health apps in terms of their social demographic and health characteristics, intentions
to change, and actual health behaviors.
Objective: The objectives of our study were to (1) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics associated with health app
use in a recent US nationally representative sample; (2) to assess the attitudinal and behavioral predictors of the use of health
apps for health promotion; and (3) to examine the association between the use of health-related apps and meeting the recommended
guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity.
Methods: Data on users of mobile devices and health apps were analyzed from the National Cancer Institute’s 2015 Health
Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), which was designed to provide nationally representative estimates for health
information in the United States and is publicly available on the Internet. We used multivariable logistic regression models to
assess sociodemographic predictors of mobile device and health app use and examine the associations between app use, intentions
to change behavior, and actual behavioral change for fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and weight loss.
Results: From the 3677 total HINTS respondents, older individuals (45-64 years, odds ratio, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-68; 65+
years, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.24), males (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.94), and having degree (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.18-3.70) or less
than high school education (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.72) were all significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having
adopted health apps. Similarly, both age and education were significant variables for predicting whether a person had adopted a
mobile device, especially if that person was a college graduate (OR 3.30). Ind ...
Original PaperWho Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does U.docxhoney690131
Original Paper
Who Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does Use Matter? A
Secondary Data Analytics Approach
Jennifer K Carroll1, MPH, MD; Anne Moorhead2, MSc, MA, MICR, CSci, FNutr (Public Health), PhD; Raymond
Bond3, PhD; William G LeBlanc1, PhD; Robert J Petrella4, MD, PhD, FCFP, FACSM; Kevin Fiscella5, MPH, MD
1Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
2School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
3School of Computing & Maths, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
4Lawson Health Research Institute, Family Medicine, Kinesiology and Cardiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
5Family Medicine, Public Health Sciences and Community Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
Corresponding Author:
Jennifer K Carroll, MPH, MD
Department of Family Medicine
University of Colorado
Mail Stop F496
12631 E. 17th Ave
Aurora, CO, 80045
United States
Phone: 1 303 724 9232
Fax: 1 303 724 9747
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Mobile phone use and the adoption of healthy lifestyle software apps (“health apps”) are rapidly proliferating.
There is limited information on the users of health apps in terms of their social demographic and health characteristics, intentions
to change, and actual health behaviors.
Objective: The objectives of our study were to (1) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics associated with health app
use in a recent US nationally representative sample; (2) to assess the attitudinal and behavioral predictors of the use of health
apps for health promotion; and (3) to examine the association between the use of health-related apps and meeting the recommended
guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity.
Methods: Data on users of mobile devices and health apps were analyzed from the National Cancer Institute’s 2015 Health
Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), which was designed to provide nationally representative estimates for health
information in the United States and is publicly available on the Internet. We used multivariable logistic regression models to
assess sociodemographic predictors of mobile device and health app use and examine the associations between app use, intentions
to change behavior, and actual behavioral change for fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and weight loss.
Results: From the 3677 total HINTS respondents, older individuals (45-64 years, odds ratio, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-68; 65+
years, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.24), males (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.94), and having degree (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.18-3.70) or less
than high school education (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.72) were all significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having
adopted health apps. Similarly, both age and education were significant variables for predicting whether a person had adopted a
mobile device, especially if that person was a college graduate (OR 3.30). Ind.
Maternal mortality remains a major challenge to health system worldwide. This problem requires the attention of health practitioners and health professional educators including midwives. Effective clinical decision making is among the most important skills required by healthcare practitioners in the intra-profession and interprofessional context. This study aims to explore the midwifery student's clinical decision-making ability and attitude toward interprofessional learning. This studyused quantitative design with cross-sectional approach. Subjects of research were 50 midwifery students. The instruments were The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaire; and an assessment rubric of the obstetric case study. Most of the students are not ready to collaborate with other health professions (68%), and have low and moderate clinical decision-making abilities (98%). There is a significant positive correlation (p <0.05) between student readiness for inter-professional collaboration with clinical decisionmaking ability. This study emphasizes that the ability of a midwife in clinical decision making, especially in emergency cases, is related to their readiness or experience in collaborating with other health professionals.
Health problems associated with the consumption of foods that do not meet the hygiene and epidemiological standards are not of recent date and have been occurring continuously throughout the history of human existence. The incidence of food poisoning and foodborne transmissible diseases is three times more common in-home kitchens and households. Restaurant poisoning generally involves a larger number of people, whereas a home-based one involves individuals or a small number of people, so its likelihood of identification by the competent authority or public health organizations and services are significantly smaller. The development of the household food safety questionnaire (HFSQ) for the general population went through five phases (preparation of the questionnaire, distribution of the questionnaire to panelists and then the respondents, statistical analysis and the formation of the final version of the validated questionnaire). A total of 58 particles that formed the basis of the questionnaire were divided into four segments: demographic (10), knowledge (17), opinion (14) and food safety practice (17). Overall, the validity of the questionnaire in examining practice, knowledge and attitude was determined with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.842. The total number of particles adequate for the questionnaire is 29 questions. This questionnaire is a good instrument for assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in their households.
Daniel Maestro, Arzija Pašalić, Sabina Šegalo and Amar Žilić. “Development and Validation of the Household Food Safety Questionnaire” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.3 (2019): 24-32.
Purnima Menon
IFPRI and Alive & Thrive Policy Seminar
Taking It to Scale: Insights from IFPRI’s Research on Improving Nutrition Behaviors in Multiple Contexts
June 28, 2017 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
Factors Influencing Immunization Coverage among Children 12- 23 Months of Age...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
EVOLUTION OF EXPECTATION VIOLATIONS THEORY (EVT) FROM FACE-TO FACE COMMUNICAT...indexPub
The promotion carried out by Holywings in the religious community is a promotional strategy that carries a big risk considering that the majority of Indonesian people are Muslims where liquor is an unlawful item. This was considered a violation and sparked various reactions in society. In the digital era, data sourced from social media is important data to understand the response of the Indonesian people to the violation of the Holywings issue. The research method used is explorative because marketing communication research based on social media data is still new. The research method is descriptive and quantitative by describing variables such as user volume, reach, conversation trends, top tweets, sentiments, influencers, and communication networks between social media users. The research sample uses the period from 23 June 2022 to 30 June 2022. The results of this research indicate that the issue of the Holywings violation is viral compared to other issues. The scope of the issue of violations at Café Holywings spreads throughout Indonesia and is dominant in DKI Jakarta Province. Even though Bali is the biggest branch of Café Holywings, there was very little reaction to the violation of Café Holywings. This is following the theory of expectation violations that the size of the violation reaction on social media is highly dependent on individual characteristics, context, and reaction.
ANTECEDENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN PT “XXX” PHARMA, TBKindexPub
The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of information technology capability on knowledge management capability, the influence of information technology capability on organisational performance, the influence of knowledge management capability on organisational performance, and the indirect impact of information technology capability on organisational performance through knowledge management capability in PT. "XXX" Pharma, Tbk. The research is based on the understanding of the interconnectedness between information technology cap. The present study utilised a quantitative approach, employing both explanatory and survey methodologies. The process of data collection involved the distribution of a questionnaire to a sample of 44 respondents, which was selected using the purposive random sampling technique. The data processing was performed using route analysis, utilising the IBM Predictive Analytic Software (PASW) version 24. The empirical evidence suggests a statistically significant and positive correlation between the capability of information technology and the capability of knowledge management. Additionally, there is a positive and significant impact of information technology capability on organisational performance. Furthermore, knowledge management capability is found to have a positive and significant effect on organisational performance. Lastly, it is observed that information technology capability positively and significantly influences organisational performance through its impact on knowledge management capability.
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Tele Health The Improvement Process of Healthcare among Elderly during the CO...YogeshIJTSRD
In the current COVID 19 pandemic, where social distance is the norm and hospitals have turned into infection hotspots, its vital for health care providers to figure out how to provide care to the elderly while limiting their exposure to healthcare environments. In light of the ongoing pandemic, it has been suggested that older people be replaced by virtual visits and told to attend to the doctor right away. Telehealth based therapies have emerged as viable options for overcoming these geriatric care delivery roadblocks. Even in the most remote regions, technological developments have solved the challenge of telehealth access. Teleconsultation is becoming a realistic option for the elderly and health care practitioners in this age of information technology. Despite the fact that the difficulties we face are complex and hence cannot be addressed with a single, all encompassing solution, telemedicine and tele health based interventions appear to hold promise in complementing our efforts in this area. In terms of providing quality treatment without having to relocate, telehealth is useful for both the elderly and healthcare providers. Jukkrit Wungrath | Supaprawat Siripipatthanakul | Bordin Phayaphrom "Tele-Health: The Improvement Process of Healthcare among Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43851.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/operations-management/43851/telehealth-the-improvement-process-of-healthcare-among-elderly-during-the-covid19-pandemic/jukkrit-wungrath
A CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK SUPPORTING OBESITY AWARENESS IN SERIOUS GAMEijma
There is an increasing number of Malaysians being overweight and obese over the years. Lack of health
awareness on obesity issue primely, leads to the high number of people being unhealthy and obese. Hence,
the need to raise health awareness on obesity. Conventionally, there are various programmes to create
obesity awareness by various organizations. Since technology applications have been common among the
people nowadays, implementation of serious game in supporting obesity awareness will be able to attract
users to play the game whilst gain knowledge and lead to behaviour change. This paper aimed to develop a
proposed conceptual framework in serious game that intends to raise health awareness on obesity.
Previous research suggested only a few methodologies, frameworks and models have been proposed to
guide the serious game design and development. In this study, the conceptual framework proposed is based
on Information-Motivation-Behavioural (IMB) model that serve health promotion and influence change of
behaviour. The development of this conceptual framework includes the implementation of game
components suitable in creating obesity awareness game and could impact the players’ cognitive and
behaviour change.
Early child development: Report on case studiesDRIVERS
Case study produced as part of the DRIVERS project. The objective of case studies in areas that are key drivers of health inequities is to identify services, policies or practices that are already in place that have the potential to reduce inequalities in health and its social determinants.
A retrospective review of the Honduras AIN-C program guided by a community he...HFG Project
Factors that influence performance of community health workers (CHWs) delivering health services are not well understood. A recent logic model proposed categories of support from both health sector and communities influence CHW performance and program outcomes. This logic model has been used to review a growth monitoring program delivered by CHWs in Honduras, known as Atención Integral a la Niñez en la Comunidad (AIN-C). A retrospective review of AIN-C was conducted through a document desk review and supplemented with in-depth interviews. Documents were systematically coded using the categories from the logic model, and gaps were addressed through interviews. Authors reviewed coded data for each category to analyze program details and outcomes as well as identify potential issues and gaps in the logic model.
This document was developed with inputs from many institutions and experts. Several individuals deserve special mention. Mary Arimond, Kathryn Dewey and Marie Ruel developed the analytical framework and provided technical oversight throughout the project. Eunyong Chung and Anne Swindale provided technical support. Nita Bhandari, Roberta Cohen, Hilary Creed de Kanashiro, Christine Hotz, Mourad Moursi, Helena Pachon and Cecilia C. Santos-Acuin conducted analysis of data sets. Chessa Lutter coordinated a working group to update the breastfeeding indicators. Mary Arimond and Megan Deitchler coordinated the working group that developed the Operational Guide on measurement issues which is a companion to this document. Bernadette Daelmans and José Martines coordinated the project throughout its phases. Participants in the consensus meetings held in Geneva 3–4 October 2006 and in Washington, DC 6–8 November 2007 provided invaluable inputs to formulate the recommendations put forward in this document.
Original PaperWho Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does U.docxvannagoforth
Original Paper
Who Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does Use Matter? A
Secondary Data Analytics Approach
Jennifer K Carroll1, MPH, MD; Anne Moorhead2, MSc, MA, MICR, CSci, FNutr (Public Health), PhD; Raymond
Bond3, PhD; William G LeBlanc1, PhD; Robert J Petrella4, MD, PhD, FCFP, FACSM; Kevin Fiscella5, MPH, MD
1Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
2School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
3School of Computing & Maths, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
4Lawson Health Research Institute, Family Medicine, Kinesiology and Cardiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
5Family Medicine, Public Health Sciences and Community Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
Corresponding Author:
Jennifer K Carroll, MPH, MD
Department of Family Medicine
University of Colorado
Mail Stop F496
12631 E. 17th Ave
Aurora, CO, 80045
United States
Phone: 1 303 724 9232
Fax: 1 303 724 9747
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Mobile phone use and the adoption of healthy lifestyle software apps (“health apps”) are rapidly proliferating.
There is limited information on the users of health apps in terms of their social demographic and health characteristics, intentions
to change, and actual health behaviors.
Objective: The objectives of our study were to (1) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics associated with health app
use in a recent US nationally representative sample; (2) to assess the attitudinal and behavioral predictors of the use of health
apps for health promotion; and (3) to examine the association between the use of health-related apps and meeting the recommended
guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity.
Methods: Data on users of mobile devices and health apps were analyzed from the National Cancer Institute’s 2015 Health
Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), which was designed to provide nationally representative estimates for health
information in the United States and is publicly available on the Internet. We used multivariable logistic regression models to
assess sociodemographic predictors of mobile device and health app use and examine the associations between app use, intentions
to change behavior, and actual behavioral change for fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and weight loss.
Results: From the 3677 total HINTS respondents, older individuals (45-64 years, odds ratio, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-68; 65+
years, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.24), males (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.94), and having degree (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.18-3.70) or less
than high school education (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.72) were all significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having
adopted health apps. Similarly, both age and education were significant variables for predicting whether a person had adopted a
mobile device, especially if that person was a college graduate (OR 3.30). Ind ...
Original PaperWho Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does U.docxhoney690131
Original Paper
Who Uses Mobile Phone Health Apps and Does Use Matter? A
Secondary Data Analytics Approach
Jennifer K Carroll1, MPH, MD; Anne Moorhead2, MSc, MA, MICR, CSci, FNutr (Public Health), PhD; Raymond
Bond3, PhD; William G LeBlanc1, PhD; Robert J Petrella4, MD, PhD, FCFP, FACSM; Kevin Fiscella5, MPH, MD
1Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
2School of Communication, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
3School of Computing & Maths, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
4Lawson Health Research Institute, Family Medicine, Kinesiology and Cardiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
5Family Medicine, Public Health Sciences and Community Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
Corresponding Author:
Jennifer K Carroll, MPH, MD
Department of Family Medicine
University of Colorado
Mail Stop F496
12631 E. 17th Ave
Aurora, CO, 80045
United States
Phone: 1 303 724 9232
Fax: 1 303 724 9747
Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Background: Mobile phone use and the adoption of healthy lifestyle software apps (“health apps”) are rapidly proliferating.
There is limited information on the users of health apps in terms of their social demographic and health characteristics, intentions
to change, and actual health behaviors.
Objective: The objectives of our study were to (1) to describe the sociodemographic characteristics associated with health app
use in a recent US nationally representative sample; (2) to assess the attitudinal and behavioral predictors of the use of health
apps for health promotion; and (3) to examine the association between the use of health-related apps and meeting the recommended
guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity.
Methods: Data on users of mobile devices and health apps were analyzed from the National Cancer Institute’s 2015 Health
Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), which was designed to provide nationally representative estimates for health
information in the United States and is publicly available on the Internet. We used multivariable logistic regression models to
assess sociodemographic predictors of mobile device and health app use and examine the associations between app use, intentions
to change behavior, and actual behavioral change for fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and weight loss.
Results: From the 3677 total HINTS respondents, older individuals (45-64 years, odds ratio, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.47-68; 65+
years, OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.14-0.24), males (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66-0.94), and having degree (OR 2.83, 95% CI 2.18-3.70) or less
than high school education (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.72) were all significantly associated with a reduced likelihood of having
adopted health apps. Similarly, both age and education were significant variables for predicting whether a person had adopted a
mobile device, especially if that person was a college graduate (OR 3.30). Ind.
Maternal mortality remains a major challenge to health system worldwide. This problem requires the attention of health practitioners and health professional educators including midwives. Effective clinical decision making is among the most important skills required by healthcare practitioners in the intra-profession and interprofessional context. This study aims to explore the midwifery student's clinical decision-making ability and attitude toward interprofessional learning. This studyused quantitative design with cross-sectional approach. Subjects of research were 50 midwifery students. The instruments were The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) questionnaire; and an assessment rubric of the obstetric case study. Most of the students are not ready to collaborate with other health professions (68%), and have low and moderate clinical decision-making abilities (98%). There is a significant positive correlation (p <0.05) between student readiness for inter-professional collaboration with clinical decisionmaking ability. This study emphasizes that the ability of a midwife in clinical decision making, especially in emergency cases, is related to their readiness or experience in collaborating with other health professionals.
Health problems associated with the consumption of foods that do not meet the hygiene and epidemiological standards are not of recent date and have been occurring continuously throughout the history of human existence. The incidence of food poisoning and foodborne transmissible diseases is three times more common in-home kitchens and households. Restaurant poisoning generally involves a larger number of people, whereas a home-based one involves individuals or a small number of people, so its likelihood of identification by the competent authority or public health organizations and services are significantly smaller. The development of the household food safety questionnaire (HFSQ) for the general population went through five phases (preparation of the questionnaire, distribution of the questionnaire to panelists and then the respondents, statistical analysis and the formation of the final version of the validated questionnaire). A total of 58 particles that formed the basis of the questionnaire were divided into four segments: demographic (10), knowledge (17), opinion (14) and food safety practice (17). Overall, the validity of the questionnaire in examining practice, knowledge and attitude was determined with Cronbach’s alpha = 0.842. The total number of particles adequate for the questionnaire is 29 questions. This questionnaire is a good instrument for assessing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of food handlers in their households.
Daniel Maestro, Arzija Pašalić, Sabina Šegalo and Amar Žilić. “Development and Validation of the Household Food Safety Questionnaire” United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT) 1.3 (2019): 24-32.
Purnima Menon
IFPRI and Alive & Thrive Policy Seminar
Taking It to Scale: Insights from IFPRI’s Research on Improving Nutrition Behaviors in Multiple Contexts
June 28, 2017 - 12:15 PM TO 01:45 PM EDT
Factors Influencing Immunization Coverage among Children 12- 23 Months of Age...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
EVOLUTION OF EXPECTATION VIOLATIONS THEORY (EVT) FROM FACE-TO FACE COMMUNICAT...indexPub
The promotion carried out by Holywings in the religious community is a promotional strategy that carries a big risk considering that the majority of Indonesian people are Muslims where liquor is an unlawful item. This was considered a violation and sparked various reactions in society. In the digital era, data sourced from social media is important data to understand the response of the Indonesian people to the violation of the Holywings issue. The research method used is explorative because marketing communication research based on social media data is still new. The research method is descriptive and quantitative by describing variables such as user volume, reach, conversation trends, top tweets, sentiments, influencers, and communication networks between social media users. The research sample uses the period from 23 June 2022 to 30 June 2022. The results of this research indicate that the issue of the Holywings violation is viral compared to other issues. The scope of the issue of violations at Café Holywings spreads throughout Indonesia and is dominant in DKI Jakarta Province. Even though Bali is the biggest branch of Café Holywings, there was very little reaction to the violation of Café Holywings. This is following the theory of expectation violations that the size of the violation reaction on social media is highly dependent on individual characteristics, context, and reaction.
ANTECEDENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE IN PT “XXX” PHARMA, TBKindexPub
The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of information technology capability on knowledge management capability, the influence of information technology capability on organisational performance, the influence of knowledge management capability on organisational performance, and the indirect impact of information technology capability on organisational performance through knowledge management capability in PT. "XXX" Pharma, Tbk. The research is based on the understanding of the interconnectedness between information technology cap. The present study utilised a quantitative approach, employing both explanatory and survey methodologies. The process of data collection involved the distribution of a questionnaire to a sample of 44 respondents, which was selected using the purposive random sampling technique. The data processing was performed using route analysis, utilising the IBM Predictive Analytic Software (PASW) version 24. The empirical evidence suggests a statistically significant and positive correlation between the capability of information technology and the capability of knowledge management. Additionally, there is a positive and significant impact of information technology capability on organisational performance. Furthermore, knowledge management capability is found to have a positive and significant effect on organisational performance. Lastly, it is observed that information technology capability positively and significantly influences organisational performance through its impact on knowledge management capability.
UNRAVELLING THE MENTAL HEALTH LANDSCAPE: EXPLORING DEPRESSION AND ASSOCIATED ...indexPub
Introduction: The prevalence of depression and its correlates in Bangladeshi rural university students have been rarely investigated. We draw a literature review, a cross-sectional study and analysis of the rural students’ depression natures and mechanisms that influence their academic performance and health and well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted during the period august 2019 to January 2020 in a university. We employed Beck Depression Inventory scale to collect data from 200 undergraduate and graduate students. Data were analysed using chi-square association test and ordinal logistic regression. Results: We discovered that mild to severe depression affected 60% of rural students [mild (16%), borderline (10%), moderate (12%), severe (11.5%), and extreme (10.5%)]. Family expectations, smoking, bad academic achievement, inability to enroll in a particular program, and inadequate household finances were significant risk factors for depression. When it comes to depression, male students scored noticeably higher than female pupils. The decreased depression was linked to both strong household economics and intellectual achievement. Conclusions: The intricate interactions among the risk factors influence the character and processes of depression in rural students.
IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT ON SUCCESSION PLANNINGindexPub
Motivation: HR in an organization faces various challenges in business environment, such as Building Capabilities, Improving Productivity, Building Performance Culture, Talent Management, Succession Planning for Key Leadership and Critical Roles, Developing Accountability and Ownership, Human Capital Management and transforming HR function into developmental Role from the legacy driven HR, etc. Succession Planning is the process of identifying and developing individuals, who have potential to hold the key leadership position in an Organization, whereas Performance Management includes assessing and improving upon the performance of an employee to meet the organizational goals. There are several Management Practices, which are adopted widely in Industry to make a successful Succession Planning. Workforce and Talent Management is one of them. The health of an organization majorly depends on the proper placement of people, which is a combined outcome of Talent Identification, Talent Development and Talent Retention. Performance Management plays a vital role in Talent Identification. It also has an impact on Talent Development and Talent Retention. The key idea of succession planning suggests that the right person to be placed at the right position at the right time. Succession planning is becoming a challenge these days in the corporate world. Organizations are often not found prepared with their successors to occupy the key positions as and when required. The positions are either kept vacant for a substantial period or more than one role is assigned to a single person. Identifying the right talent for the key positions from outside the organization and recruiting them is a much more difficult task at the eleventh hour. This has a significant impact on organizational health and in turn to organizational sustainability. Organizations must last longer than people. Role of organization continues even when the people move out. Employees must superannuate after attaining a certain age. Also, organizations must have a contingency plan for sudden vacancy arises out of attrition, health hazards and death of employee. Succession planning is the strategy to ensure that a suitable person is made available during exigencies. Employees are developed for taking on higher responsibilities and for the new roles that may emerge in future. The placement of Key Leadership positions can be executed either by inviting the talent from outside or developing the talent in-house. The latter is always in demand keeping in view the core values of the organization and the impact on loyalty and organizational culture in a long run. It is preferable to develop the in-house talent pool to reduce dependency on recruitment of experienced people from outside for the critical roles. It brings the talent acquisition cost low and contributes as a motivating factor for the team as well. The acceptability of a person placed at Top / Key Leadership Positions is high when these are occupied
EXTERNAL BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS OF INDIVIDUAL INV...indexPub
The study collects data from a sample of individual investors and analyses their responses to recent financial events, changes in market trends, and economic forecasts. By examining factors such as demographic profiles, financial literacy, risk tolerance, and market perceptions, the research aims to identify significant predictors of investment decisions in this demographic. The findings suggest that investors are predominantly influenced by financial news, peer influence, past investment performance, and the economic stability of the region. This study contributes to the field by highlighting the localized factors impacting investment choices and providing insights for financial advisors and investment firms to tailor their strategies according to investor needs and regional specifics.
GLOBAL RESEARCH TREND AND FUTURISTIC RESEARCH DIRECTION VISUALIZATION OF WORK...indexPub
Purpose – The purpose of this research is to undertake a bibliometric analysis of working capital management. The study examines papers from time period 1974-2023and performed performance analysis, co-citation analysis, bibliographic coupling and scientific mapping. Design/methodology/approach – The study examines 174 articles retrieved from the Scopus database using bibliometric analysis, performance analysis and thematic clustering. The study looked at the scientific productivity of papers, prolific authors, most influencing papers, institutions and nations, keyword co-occurrence, thematic mapping, co-citations and authorship and country collaborations. VOSviewer was as a tool in the research to conduct the performance analysis and thematic clustering.The watchword "Working Capital Management" was used to include only English-language articles. Findings – The most productive year was 2022 with 26 publications. Martínez and García- are the most protuberant authors with 708 citations. The findings of the study shows that the most influential institutions are ‘The Department of Management and Finance, Faculty of Economy andBusiness and Department of Management and Finance, Faculty of Economics and Business, The University of Murcia, Spain with 381 & 297 citations. Among,thecountry analysis,Spain with 744 citations stands first of all other nations for publication on Working Capital Management. Kärri is the most productive author with 7 documents. Country-wise analysis reveals that the United States is the most productive country for Working Capital Management research with 40 documents.The authors also identified seven thematic clusters of Working Capital Management. Research limitations/implications – It informs and directs researchers on the current state of study in the field of Working Capital Management.The present study has quite a few implications forSmall & Medium enterprise managers, entrepreneurs, financial managers, academicians and scholars. It also outlines future research directions in this field.Present study provides an inclusive acquaintance about the working capital management till date. Originality/value – This is the first study which provides the performance analysis and scientific mapping of the all published documents on working capital management between the time periods 1974-2023
A SOCIAL CAPITAL APPROACH TO ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM AND INNOVATION: CASE S...indexPub
Despite being recognised as drivers of innovative development, Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) frequently confront resource limitations. Therefore, enhancing the ecosystem is contingent on the entrepreneurs’ social capital, which is crucial for the success of MSMEs. This study applies the social capital approach to analyse the entrepreneurial ecosystem enrichment and its impact on the innovation process of cosmetics MSMEs. The qualitative case study of six cosmetic manufacturing MSMEs explores that social capital is a multifaceted asset to MSMEs. Through an in-depth thematic analysis of three dimensions of social capital (structural, relational, and cognitive), this study states that the innovation process is supported by the synergistic transformation of one dimension of social capital into another. Entrepreneurs sharing the common norms, rules, and language enrich their cognitive as well as relational aspects of ecosystem. The study suggests that as network ties, trust, and norms collectively influence innovation in firms, hence, social capital needs to be studied with its contextualization in the ecosystem.
ASSESSING HRM EFFECTIVENESS AND PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT MEASURES IN THE BANKI...indexPub
This study employs an exploratory and quantitative research approach to systematically investigate the impact of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on Organizational Performance within the Indian Banking sector. The research approach combines exploratory research, aimed at gaining insights into HRM practices, with a quantitative approach using a purposive sampling technique. Data is collected through a questionnaire from employees in both public (SBI) and private banks (HDFC Bank) who work in HR departments or are involved in HR activities. The Likert scale is utilized in the questionnaire to measure participant perceptions of HRM practices. The study utilizes two statistical tools: Neural Network and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The findings of the study highlight the significance of promotion and transfer policies, considered paramount in influencing organizational performance in both public and private banks. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of training and development initiatives in enhancing employee skills and competencies. Clear and effective communication within HR policies is identified as pivotal in improving organizational performance. Lastly, aligning HRM practices with sector-specific goals is recognized as a significant contributor to improved employee satisfaction and overall performance in the banking sector. The findings offer guidance for HR practitioners and policymakers in optimizing HRM practices to achieve better organizational performance.
CORRELATION BETWEEN EMPATHY AND FRIENDSHIP QUALITY AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS...indexPub
In this research were used two questionnaires Empathy Formative questionnaire and Friendship Quality Scale. The aim of this study is to see the relationship between empathy and friendship quality among adolescent, to find out if there are gender differences in empathy and friendship quality, and to see if there are any differences between younger and older students on examined variables. This research was done with 65 high school students. Age of the students were 15 to 17 years old. Results show that there is a correlation between empathy and friendship quality. The results of t test show that there are not significant differences between females and males on variable empathy. Girls and boys have significant difference in friendship quality in Kosovo. There are no significant differences between older students and younger students in the level of empathy and also there are no significant differences between older students and younger students in the level of friendship quality.
LEVELS OF DEPRESSION AND SELF-ESTEEM IN STUDENTSindexPub
Introduction: among the most worrying problems in recent years are low self-esteem, family and friends problems, anxiety, stress, and depression, which are taking on alarming proportions in students and young people in general. Purpose: the study is a prediction, which focuses on analyzing and evaluating students' self-esteem and level of depression. Methodology: the population is 332 students (13-15 years old) in high schools in the Gjakova region. The study describes the analysis, classification, and evaluation of the collected data by doing the analysis and real examination of the findings. Results: in terms of gender there is no significant difference in self-esteem, while in depression there is a significant difference. The level of depression is higher in women (11.9) than in men (9.5). Economic status shows that students with employed fathers have lower depression (6.77) compared to those with unemployed fathers (10.80). Conclusions: The level of depression and self-esteem and parental reflection affect students. A link has been found between economic status and emotional problems and student behavior. To prevent it, the psychological service in schools should function, and together with families and the community should be as close as possible to the problems of students.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL FACTORS ON INDIVIDUALS DIAGNOSED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIAindexPub
The society with diverse structural and ideological influences, assumes its role in relation to behavior, attitude, belief and relations. The impact can be seen in every society globally, however the western nations have adjusted their social policies to suit these transformations, whereas nations in developing phase have failed to establish suitable systems. In Kosovo, the allocation of funds for mental health services remains insufficient, even though mental health disorders account for 12.3% of overall illnesses and 30.8% of work incapacities! The objective of this study is to examine the impact of society on the decline and recovery of individuals with schizophrenia. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to provide a descriptive-analytical. A study was conducted in four municipalities of Kosovo, using individuals with schizophrenia from psychiatric institutions as subjects along with their caregivers/family members . The research found that social factors greatly contribute to the worsening of schizophrenia patients' condition. The presence of schizophrenia is evident through a higher likelihood of having a low level of education, high unemployment rates, and engaging in harmful behaviors like tobacco and alcohol use, as well as physical inactivity. Significant correlations have been observed in the subscales of positive and negative symptoms using the Self-Report PNS-Q questionnaires. It is crucial for individuals with schizophrenia to have a carefully designed strategy in place, developed in partnership with professionals from various relevant fields such as social protection, psychiatric medical services, education, and social integration plans.
RETURN ON EQUITY (ROE) AS MEDIATION OF BANK'S CAPITAL ADEQUATION RATIO (CAR)indexPub
Banks need to maintain their performance and the level of Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR). This study wants to see the variables that affect the Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR) and see ROE as a variable that mediates the Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR) at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). The research method used multiple regression analysis, t-test, Anova test and Coefficient of Determination and the research period for 14 years from 2009 to 2022, by using SPSS Software version 26. The conclusion of the study, only the BOPO variable has a significant effect on the Capital Adequasi Ratio (CAR) and the ROE variable as a variable that can mediate the CAR variable at Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI). Keywords: Capital Adequasi Ratio, Bank Financial Ratio.
INNOVATIVE DESIGN FOR KIDS MASTERY IMPROVEMENT OF LANGUAGE FEATURES IN A STORYindexPub
One of the hardest things for people learning English as a third language is still reading and writing. Because they are still not good enough at language features, they often make big mistakes and assumptions that aren't true. To make learning more fun and useful, visual symbols were made for seven different kinds of language traits. It looks at the Vipicoll form a lot. Visual Symbols media, Picture and picture, and the Collaborative approach are all creatively put together in Vipicoll. This research used Reeve's design method. Research develops Vipicoll learning model, employing interviews, literature reviews, and questionnaires for iterative improvement and validation. Researchers identify problems, create Vipicoll, iteratively refine through trials, forming an effective English Language Education model. Study assesses individual English thinking development, emphasizing interpretive framework, relation, function, and unique visual symbols. From this research, it was found that using Vipicoll really helps improve kids' mastery of language features, especially those in a story. This is proven by the fact that after implementation, kids' correct answers when asked directly by their teachers and their written test answers increased greatly even though many direct answers and test answers used to be wrong and they often didn't understand.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE DETECTION USING MACHINE LEARNING AND RISK CLASSIFICATI...indexPub
The global prevalence of heart disease indicates a major public health issue. It causes shortness of breath, weakness, and swollen ankles. Early heart disease diagnosis is difficult with current approaches. Hence, a better heart disease detection tool is needed. Treatment requires more than just diagnosis. Risk classification is critical for accurate diagnosis and treatment. In this analysis, a novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) detection paradigm using machine learning (ML) and risk classification based on a weighted fuzzy system is proposed. The system is developed based on ML algorithms such as artificial neural network (ANN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and uses standard feature selection techniques knowns as Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the cross-validation method has been used for learning the best practices of model assessment and for hyperparameter tuning. The accuracy-based performance measuring metrics are used for the assessment of the performances of the classifiers. Finally, the outcomes revealed that the proposed model achieved an accuracy of 94.01% which is higher than another conventional model developed in this domain. Additionally, the proposed system can easily be implemented in healthcare for the identification of heart disease.
ANALYSIS OF FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BLOOD THROUGH CURVED ARTERY WITH MIL...indexPub
Narrowing of the arteries caused by atherosclerosis reduces blood flow to the heart, which results shows ischemia, angina pectoris, cerebral strokes, and other coronary artery disease signs and symptoms. Curvature is seen in blood vessels at various locations. The stenotic surface provides an additional curvature and the point of maximum shear which varies with the cross-section. A cylindrical form of the Navier-Stokes equations in polar coordinate system have been extended to include dynamic curvature along the axial direction. The blood flow behavior of taking different values of blood parameters like viscosity, the radius of the artery, and the thickness of the stenosis has been studied with and without curvature by using an extended blood flow model with dynamic curvature. Moreover, the aspects of blood flow, such as dynamic curvature velocity profile, volumetric flow rate, pressure drop, and shear stress, have been studied in relation to blood flow around curved arteries with stenosis, variations in the radii of the artery, thickness of the stenosis, and viscosity. The information may reveal that by increasing the values of curvature, viscosity, and thickness of stenosis, velocity, and volumetric flow rate can be quickly reduced. Increasing the curvature, viscosity, and thickness of stenosis also results in an increase in shear stress and a pressure drop. The presence of curved stenotic arteries has a significant impact on the flow parameters, and it is crucial to know about these dynamics in order to study the cardiovascular system.
ANALYSIS OF STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS:– ...indexPub
Student academic performance is the great value of institutes, universities and colleges. All colleges majorly focus on the career development of students. The academic performance of students plays a vital role in the establishment of a bright career. On the basis of better academic performance, the placement of the students will be better and the same will be reflected in the form of better admission and future. Machine learning can be deployed for the prediction of student performance. Various algorithms are playing an important role in the prediction of the accuracy of various machine learning models. These articles discuss various algorithms that can be helpful to deploy for predicting student academic performance. The article discusses various methods, predictive features and the accuracy of machine learning algorithms. The primary factors used for predicting students performance are academic institution, sessional marks, semester progress, family occupation, methods and algorithms. The accuracy level of various machine learning algorithms is discussed in this article.
IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY IN BLENDED LEARNING MODELS: EFFECTS ON ...indexPub
This study was conducted to identify the influence of computer technology in blended learning on the achievement in the Principles of Accounting subject through of self-directed learning. The research also assessed the relationship of the elements of blended learning on student achievement. Despite the encouragement by the Ministry of Education for the use of Computer Technology In Education, there is a lack of research on a measurable and testable model of the influence of computer technology. In reality, various aspects such as schools, teachers, content, and technology exist to provide and utilize computer technology through learning in Malaysia. A quantitative study using a correlational design was conducted on 400 Form Four students in secondary schools in the Southern Zone of Malaysia, namely in the states of Johor, Melaka, and Negeri Sembilan, to identify the influence of computer technology in blended learning on achievement. Data were collected using adapted and modified questionnaires from previous studies. Descriptive data analysis was performed using SPSS version 28, while inferential analysis was conducted using the Smart PLS analysis technique. Smart PLS version 4.0 software was utilized to test the mediator relationships in the study. The results of the study showed high minimum scores for blended learning through computer technology and self-directed learning, as well as achievement. The influence of blended learning elements also had a significant relationship with student achievement in the Principles of Accounting subject. This study is expected to contribute to the effectiveness of blended learning through information technology on the achievement in the Principles of Accounting subject by enhancing self- directed learning among students. The development of this conceptual model is hoped to serve as a guide for policymakers, the Ministry of Education, teachers, students, and other stakeholders in ensuring that blended learning practices can be implemented more effectively. Furthermore, it is hoped that the achievement and interest in the Principles of Accounting subject can be improved by applying computer technology in learning.
ACADEMIC BANK OF CREDIT: A WORLDWIDE VIEWPOINTindexPub
To make higher education more accessible and successful in the world today, the Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) is a new concept. Successful learning adaptation requires the transfer of credits and the acknowledgment of academic accomplishment. Recognition of credits is the process by which one educational organisation verifies that the educational experiences gained and assessed at another institution meet the requirements of one of their courses. The use of Academic Bank of Credits allows for a more adaptable method of curriculum building and design while also encouraging transparency. The credit system at this university is designed to accommodate different curricula while encouraging students to explore beyond traditional academic boundaries. The purpose of this research is to educate the audience about the Academic Bank of Credit. The demand for flexible and transferable credits in the education system led to the creation of the Academic Bank of Credits. In the past, students had a hard time moving their credits from one school to another because of the many credit systems and curriculums. Students and schools alike wasted time, energy, and materials because of this. Readers will have a better understanding of the following topics from this article: ABCs' objectives, functions, organisational structures, implementation plan, and eligibility criteria for higher education institutions to register with Academic Bank of Credits.
IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE ON POVERTY REDUCTION IN SOUTHERN PUNJAB PAKISTANindexPub
Microfinance has been adopted by several developing nations to raise their inhabitants' standards of living. It also contributes to their improved economic growth. Pakistan is now implementing this idea and seeing positive results from microfinance. In Pakistan, Khushhali Bank is a notable player in the microfinance industry. The results of the sample data selection indicate that microfinance operations have an effect on the standard of life of individuals residing in a particular region in Muzaffargarh. For this study, 100 clients of Khushhali Bank have been chosen. The primary goal of the research is to determine how Khushhali Bank's microfinance initiatives affect people's ability to live better lives. A Ex-post Facto research model was used to the gathered data in order to determine the relationship between the microfinance loan and living standard metrics. The analysis's conclusion indicates that microfinance operations have very little influence on raising people's standards of living, meaning they don't play a significant part in raising living standards. Apart from microfinance loans, there are additional variables that contribute to the improvement of people's standard of life.
A NOVEL DENSITY-BASED CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR PREDICTING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASEindexPub
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Early identification of individuals at risk of heart disease is crucial for effective preventive interventions. To improve the prediction accuracy, this paper proposed Heart Disease Prediction using the Density-Based Ordering of Clustering Objects (DBOCO) framework. The Dataset has been pre-processed using Weighted Transform K-Means Clustering (WTKMC). Features are selected using Ensemble Feature Selection (EFS) with a Weighted Binary Bat Algorithm (WBBAT) used to ensure that the emphasis is on the most relevant predictors. Finally, the prediction has been done using the Density-Based Ordering of Clustering method, which has been designed exclusively for cardiovascular disease prediction. DBOCO, a density-based clustering approach, effectively finds dense clusters within data, allowing for the inherent overlap in cardiovascular risk variables. DBOCO captures complicated patterns by detecting these overlapping clusters, improving the accuracy of disease prediction models. The proposed approach has been verified with heart disease datasets, displaying higher performance than traditional methods. This study marks a substantial leap in predicting cardiovascular disease providing a comprehensive and dependable framework for early identification and preventive concern.
A NOVEL DENSITY-BASED CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR PREDICTING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
DEVELOPMENT AND USABILITY TESTING OF A MOBILE HEALTH APPLICATION ON CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT MONITORING
1. Hunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences
ISSN:1674-2974 | CN 43-1061 / N
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10122975
Vol: 60 | Issue: 11 | 2023
Nov 2023 | 1
DEVELOPMENT AND USABILITY TESTING OF A MOBILE HEALTH APPLICATION
ON CHILD GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT MONITORING
TRI SISWATI*
Department of Nutrition, Center of Excellence for Applied Technology Innovation in the Field of Public
Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Tata Bumi No 3, Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia. Corresponding Author Email: tri.siswati@poltekkesjogja.ac.id
FATHMAWATI FATHMAWATI
Department of Environmental Health, Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Pontianak, Pontianak,
Indonesia.
BUNGA ASTRIA PARAMASHANTI
Department of Nutrition Faculty of Health Science Universitas Alma Ata, Indonesia. Sydney School of
Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Australia.
TJARONOSARI
Department of Nutrition, Center of Excellence for Applied Technology Innovation in the Field of Public
Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Tata Bumi No 3, Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia.
LUKMAN WARIS
Department of Public Health, Universitas Faletehan, Indonesia.
MUHAMMAD PRIMIAJI RIALIHANTO
Department of Nutrition, Center of Excellence for Applied Technology Innovation in the Field of Public
Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta, Tata Bumi No 3, Banyuraden, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta,
Indonesia.
Abstract
Monitoring children's health is of fundamental importance. With the widespread use of Android
phones, applications to improve health services have become an option. This study aimed to
comprehensively describe the development phase of an Android application (app) for healthy children
in Indonesia, conducted in March-October 2021. The DEPA app was developed in the Indonesian
Language (Bahasa) and is an acronym for Desain Aplikasi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak or
children’s growth and development app. The DEPA app uses 4D theory which includes defining,
designing, developing, and disseminating. Focus group discussions were conducted with stakeholders
to determine the needs assessment, find concepts, and develop content, features, and functions. The
eligibility score for the assessment by media and material experts was 4.12, while the usability testing
using PSSUQ was 1.8. Results showed the DEPA app was successfully created and available on the Play
Store. The analyses showed that the media and content scores were 4.5 and 4.3, respectively, while
the PPSUQ was 1.8, which means it has good usability. The DEPA app is a new approach to health
children monitoring which has the potential to be implemented by mothers, cadres, early childhood
teachers and health programs.
Keywords: Usability; PSSUQ; M-Health; Children; Development; Growth
3. Hunan Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences
ISSN:1674-2974 | CN 43-1061 / N
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10122975
Vol: 60 | Issue: 11 | 2023
Nov 2023 | 3
revised regulations[30]. It is necessary to update the m-health applications to monitor child growth
and development under Infant Young Children Feeding (IYCF) guidelines.
We describe the process for developing the m-health application similar to the previous study[31],
which consisted of (1) defining by conducting an FGD for review stakeholder assessment, (2) designing
the application with IT expertise, (3) developing content and dashboard using multi-tested by
expertise and user, and (4) disseminate to programmer and user. We developed a child growth
monitoring app based on the updated Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia
No.2 of 2020[30] and the Pre-screening Developmental Questionnaire (PDQ) available in the Maternal
Children Health book published in 2020[32]. This study aimed to determine the usability test of a
mobile app for monitoring children's growth and development for end-users such as mothers, cadres,
early childhood educators and Primary Health Center (PHC) programmers.
2. METHODS
This research and development tailored the usage of m-health using the 4D (define, design, develop
and disseminate) theory[33]. The study was conducted from March – October 2021. An Android
platform was selected because Android users tended to increase in rural and urban areas in Indonesia.
Development of the DEPA app
Listed below are the phases of m-health tailoring as also shown in Fig. 1.
Fig 1: The DEPA app tailoring flowchart.
1) Defining
First, a novelty search was done through the Google Play Store regarding similar apps. We found as
many as 27 applications, and then downloaded and recorded the available information. The available
applications include 16 apps that provide toddler growth, six apps that provide development
monitoring, four apps that provide growth and development of children monitoring, and two apps
that provide food for children. We found that the existing growth app used the anthropometric
standards of 2010, so it is not relevant nowadays. Most of the apps present developmental growth
information of children and IYCF separately. Focus group discussions (FGD) were done in the defining
stage[34]. We invited stakeholders such as nutritionists, psychologists, health promoters, surveillance,
communication experts, mothers of toddlers, cadres, early childhood educators, and health officers.
The FGD covers context, content, features, flow, and output.
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2) Designing
Second, we collaborated with information technology (IT) experts to design good user interface
components and user-centered design. This step aimed to create ease of using the app. We designed
the app based on the previous stages, considering context, context, flow, feature, and dashboard and
comprehensively involved children's growth monitoring, children development monitoring and IYCF.
The application was successfully tailored to feature and dashboard applications including login,
registration, home, growth and development children and report page[35].
3) Development
The third stage was the development of the app based on a user-centre development red approach,
which also aimed to create an easy-to-use app. Usability testing was done comprehensively by media,
material experts and users.
4) Dissemination
The final stage is offline dissemination, aiming to introduce it to the public and encourage wider use
of this app[36]. We recruited 70 people consisting of 20 early childhood educators, 20 mothers, 15
cadres, and 15 health workers.
Usability testing
Study population and design
Following the DEPA app development, we used a cross-sectional design to determine the media
testing, content testing, and user testing usability. We also evaluated the user testing usability by
conducting in-depth interviews with users about their experience using the app.
We involved participants based on the type of testing usability. First, for media testing usability,
participants included three media experts from academia, health promotor practitioners and the
information communication service. Second, content testing usability involved nine material experts,
including two psychologists, two public health promotors, three nutritionists, and two midwives. For
both content and media testing of usability, we chose a low-cost survey method but potentially had
fast responses from the experts by email[37].
Considering the distance, time and resources as well as restrictions on population mobilization during
the pandemic, we held a virtual conference with experts to discuss the overall DEPA app.
Third, for user testing usability, participants included 130 stakeholders, which was considered
adequate for a minimum sample of usability testing[38]. All participants fulfilled the inclusion criteria:
agreed to participate in this research, installed the DEPA app, completed all steps then filled out the
PSSUQ. Additionally, we selected ten informants to participate in in-depth interviews to gain a deeper
understanding of their experience using the DEPA app.
Data collection and analysis
Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and DEPA app testing scores were summarised using
descriptive statistics. Numerical data analysis was done by comparing the mean score with the cut-
off[39]. We performed the quantitative analysis for each type of usability testing. For media and
content testing, we used the cut-off of 0-1.8 for not very feasible; 1.81-2.6 was not feasible, 2.61- 3.40
was somewhat feasible, 3.41-4.20 was feasible, and 4.21-5.00 was very feasible. For user testing, the
maximum limit value for each category indicated the app was very usable for attributes PSSUQ: 2.82,
SYSUSE: 2.80, INFOQUAL: 3.02, and INTERQUAL: 2.49[40].
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All these analyses were conducted by using Microsoft Excel. Afterwards, we evaluated the
development of the DEPA app by conducting the user reviews qualitatively to understand the users’
perceptions of the app. This evaluation was done twice during the usability testing and dissemination.
We considered the ease of installation, content, benefits, difficulties, and opportunities of the DEPA
app adopted by healthcare providers or individuals. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and
then analysed using thematic analyses.
3. RESULTS
We successfully developed a child growth monitoring app in the Indonesian language based on the
latest standards from the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia number 2 of 2020 and the
2020 MCH book. The DEPA application is available and downloadable on the Google Play Store by
installing DEPA 2.1 using the link https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.depaapp. We
provided detailed guides and instructions covering easy-to-use and step-by-step installation. We have
presented DEPA application profiles in previous studies[41]. The DEPA app dashboard provides
information as detailed in Table 1.
Table 1: Dashboard of DEPA app
Aspect Detail information
Installation
Search on the Google Play Store, choose DEPA 2.1, or by clicking the link
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.depaapp
Then install and open the app.
Start page Introduction of the DEPA app including definition, aim, benefit, and feature
Login Sign in with Google using an email address connecting to android
Registration
Maternal profile (ID number, name, email), children profile (name, sex, date, and
place of birth, birth weight, length of birth), address, hand phone number,
gestational age
Home/dashboard Menu of DEPA app including profile, growth, develop, report, recommendation
Growth monitoring
children)
Input body weight and height, method of body height measurement (standing or
recumbent), MUAC
Development
monitoring children
Input and check the child's development list according to age
Report The output of growth children monitoring (z-score and its interpretation of WAZ,
HAZ, WHZ) and developmental children monitoring (normal or delayed)
Recommendation
Complementary feeding including energy, textures, frequency, and portioning
size
Development of the DEPA app
Three media experts from academicians, practitioners, and information communication services
assessed the implementation of the software and visual communication. The result of the assessment
was 4.5+0.14. This value exceeds the cut-off of >4.21, which means that the application is considered
very feasible, as detailed in Table 2.
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Table 2: The score of media testing the DEPA app
Attribute Sub-attribute ⴟ±SD
Software
Implementation
Appropriate size 4.7±0.6
Easy installation 5.0±0.6
Clear instructions 5.0±0
Easy registration 4.7±0.6
System runs well 5.0±0
Does not cause the phone to hang 4.7±0.6
Simple operation 4.7±0.6
All types android friendly 4.7±0.6
Clear problem helper 4.3±0.6
Clear program flow 4.3±0.6
Mean ±SD 4.7±0.3
Visual
communication
Good visualization/images 4.0±0
Attractive look 4.3±0.6
Good color 4.3±0.6
Font 4.7±0.6
Mean±SD 4.3±0.4
The mean score of media testing 4.5±0.14
SD: standard deviation.
Nine content experts including public health experts, midwives, nutritionists, health promoters, and
psychologists gave content assessments with a mean score of 4.3±0.14. The results show that the
mean score exceeds the cut-off (>4.21), indicating that the DEPA app is considered very feasible. The
assessment can be seen in Table 3.
Table 3: The score of content testing DEPA app
Attribute Sub-attribute ⴟ±SD
Logic thinking Dashboard 4.7±0.6
Valid growth algorithm 4.7±0.6
Valid development algorithm 5.0±0
Flow 4.0±0
Valid result 4.0±0
Valid interpretation 4.7±0.6
Appropriate recommendations 4.7±0.6
Mean±SD 4.5±0.08
Language Communicative and common 4.7±0.6
Appropriate terms and statements 4.3±0.6
Mean±SD 4.5±0
Implementation Possibility Potential implementation 4.7±0.6
The mean score of content testing 4.3±0.14
SD: standard deviation.
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DEPA app usability
We recruited 130 users to assess the usability of the DEPA app using PSSUQ. Most of the users were
40-59 years old (58.5%), female (92.3%), completed senior high school (39.3%), cadres (66.9%), and
from Yogyakarta Province (66.9%). Although some of the users are from Java Island, however, there
are participants from the remote areas (Kalimantan and Sulawesi). By having many users with various
characteristics, further subjectivity testing can be minimized[42]. User characteristics are detailed in
Table 4.
Table 4: Characteristics of users
Characteristics n %
Age (Years)
<20 4 3.1
20-29 9 6.9
30-39 31 24.1
40-59 76 58.1
>60 10 7.7
Gender
Male 10 7.7
Female 120 92.3
Education
Elementary school 7 5.4
Junior High school 25 19.2
Senior High school 51 39.2
University 47 36.2
Occupation
Early Childhood teacher 3 2.3
Housewife 23 17.7
Cadres 87 66.9
Nutritionist 13 10.0
Midwife 2 1.5
Public health expert 2 1.5
Origin participants
DI Yogyakarta 87 66.9
Central Java 11 8.5
West Java 10 7.7
South Sulawesi 7 5.4
West Kalimantan 5 3.8
North Kalimantan 6 4.6
Jakarta 4 3.1
User tests using PSSUQ showed the DEPA app score was 1.8±0.01 or in the very usable category
(<2.82). Details of the SYSUSE, INFOQUAL and INTERQUAL scores are presented in Table 5.
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Table 5: Usability testing of the DEPA app using PSSUQ
Attribute Sub attribute ⴟ±SD
SYSUSE Overall, I’m satisfied with how easy it is to use this system 1.8 ±0.7
It was simple to use this system 2.1 ±0.7
I was able to complete the tasks and scenarios quickly using
this system
1.9 ±0.7
I felt comfortable using this system 2.2 ±0.7
It was easy to learn to use this system 1.8 ±0.7
I believe I could become productive quickly using this system 1.9 ±0.7
SYSUSE mean±SD 1.9 ±0.02
INFOQUAL The system gave error messages that clearly told me how to
fix the problem
1.9 ±0.7
Whenever I made a mistake using the system, I could recover
easily and quickly
1.8 ±0.7
The information provided by the system was clear 1.7 ±0.7
It was easy to find the information I needed 1.9 ±0.8
The information was effective in helping me complete the
tasks and scenarios
1.7 ±0.7
The organization of information on the system screens was
clear
1.9 ±0.7
INFOQUAL mean±SD 1.8 ±0.04
INTERQUAL The interface of this system was pleasant 1.8 ±0.7
I liked using the interface of this system 1.7 ±0.8
The system has all the functions and capabilities I expect it to
have
1.6 ±0.7
Overall, I am satisfied with the system 1.7 ±0.7
INTERQUAL mean±SD 1.70 ±0.04
PSSUQ 1.8 ± 0.01
SD: standard deviation.
Findings from the qualitative interviews with users indicate that they have positive comments. They
feel satisfied and are very happy with the app. Another positive response is that this app can strongly
facilitate community empowerment, monitor children's health independently, and guide feeding
practices. We categorized the information into the following themes: installation, content, benefits,
difficulties, and opportunities.
All participants successfully installed the DEPA app. For example, a participant stated, “It’s very easy
to be installed” (female, 40 years old, and cadre).
Most informants stated that the contents of the app provided easy instructions, as reflected in the
opinion of the following informants:
“This is very simple, giving guidance and can be opened anywhere, anytime to find out the health
status of toddlers” (female, 43 years old, cadre).
“M-Health is MCH book electronic, it cannot be lost unless uninstalled“(female, 30 years old, and
nutritionist).
The DEPA app was very useful for the education and promotion of children's health, as stated by the
following participants:
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“Oh, I can see my child’s growth curve… I haven't been able to MCH book, with this app I can get
growth monitoring instructions in an interesting color chart” (female, 28 years old, mother)
“I can understand the stages and achievements of my child's development. My son is a bit retarded in
the field of fine motor skills” (female, 21 years old, mother)
“I can practice stimulating children's development according to their age stage and provide
appropriate food” (female, 23 years old, mother)
Another benefit was to monitor the growth and development of children independently, as stated by
the health professional: “Mother can carry out self-surveillance, so it saves our time to survey and the
data will not be lost” (male, 41 years old, and health promotor)
In terms of growth monitoring services for toddlers at Posyandu, the implementation of the DEPA app
greatly reduced the burden on cadres and helped solve the problem of missing growth monitoring
during the COVID-19 pandemic, as stated by the following informant: “It’s so great, really reduces our
burden for face-to-face child health monitoring” (female, 41 years old, cadre).
During this pandemic COVID-19 period, the DEPA app was very helpful for monitoring the health of
the children, such as reflected in the following mother's opinion: “I am very happy if I am absent to
Posyandu I can still monitor my child's growth and development” (female, 29 years old, mother)
Further, the DEPA app supported cadre and maternal efforts to control their toddlers’ growth,
avoiding missing data, and effectively decreasing the cadre’s burden. One cadre said: “Due to face-to-
face restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, this application fully supports the growth and
development of children monitoring. I don't lose the cohort because I can see in the dashboard”
(female, 30 years old, cadre)
In the field of early childhood education, the app supported child health services in early childhood
programs, as the early childhood program teacher said: “This application strongly supports early
childhood programs school accreditation, so it is very useful” (female, 40 years old, early childhood
educator)
Dissemination
We invited stakeholders, namely mothers of toddlers, cadres, early childhood educators, and health
programmers, to socialize and share this app face-to-face. At this meeting, all participants completed
the simulation. The goal was for the participants to understand the DEPA application well. Through
this meeting, the researchers encouraged the participants to use other apps so that they could
monitor the children's growth and development with infant and young child feeding.
4. DISCUSSION
We succeeded in developing a novel application to support toddler health, including growth,
development, and user recommendations. In the stage usability test, all participants stated that this
application was easy to use and provided benefits for monitoring the health of children. The
development of this app considers the user needs and has high benefits[34],[37] and simple operation
by various user characteristics, as stated in the previous research[37],[43]. The impact of user-
centered applications will encourage positive perceptions which will empower the users to utilize
them continuously[44].
All respondents are satisfied with the DEPA app because of its integrated content which includes
information on growth, development, recommendations, and IYCF guidelines. Mothers will
implement the application according to their child's characteristics including age, gender, height,
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weight, and state at birth. This integrated app is preferred because the user experiences many
benefits in a single application. Users only need to enter data once, but they will get several sources
of related information. This finding is consistent with the previous observations. In addition, this app
was designed through several stages. Each stage must exceed the cut-off value before proceeding to
the next step. These stages include application design agreements between researchers and
stakeholders, teamwork between researchers and IT experts to design applications according to the
user-centred approach, application development stages done by researchers with media experts and
new materials with predetermined cut-off values, and then usability testing by users. Accordingly,
even though as a new user, it is the first time install, the user does not experience any difficulties
because it has gone through the strict stages of development and testing.
Media and content experts and users find the DEPA app highly worthy of praise. The PPSUQ test
results provide information indicating that this application is very useful. The results of the assessment
of the SYSUSE, INFOQUAL and INTERQUAL components have a narrow range, indicating that there are
no extreme differences between users. The number of users is quite large with various characteristics
such as age, education level, occupation, and place of origin of users. This app does not require special
skills and can be applied more widely. Stonbraker et al. (2018) stated that these considerations are
important because people with middle and low education have great possibilities and opportunities
to use it[16]. Application developers should consider user culture such as color[45]. This app has an
adaptable background color depending on the user's preference, with basic black or white. In this
study, the types of graphics, language and layout also met the users’ preferences[46]. Other
considerations are user experience, intention and frequency of implementation, perceived
usefulness, convenience, and ease of application which are closely related to the potential and
challenges of wider application usage[47]. The next consideration is accessibility. The participants of
this research came from several provinces in Indonesia, such as Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Java. They
not only live in the city but also in remote areas. This has several advantages because health
interventions can reach a very wide area by utilizing technology[16], minimize health disparities, and
geographical disparities related to health care[19], provide a better quality of health services and
ability to assist peoples’ behavior change while enabling active engagement and independent living
with minimal travel time for in-person sessions[28].
Another reason for the positive appraisal is the DEPA app is available in the Google Play Store Market
with which most people are familiar[48], so they can easily find DEPA. All Android OS types 5.0 and
above can use this app[49], which is a type of phone that most people have. This app requires only a
small memory space, as little as 10.31 MB so it does not consume more digital data storage. The app
instructions on the Google Play Store are user-friendly and assisted by a tutorial video as guidance[50]
which is very helpful and can provide solutions[51]. Muhamat et al. (2021) explained that the
instructions for using the app were worthwhile in the app installation process[39].
Finally, we identified that the DEPA app was very usable as an Android application for monitoring the
growth and development of children and their surveillance. This finding answers the need for child
growth monitoring without face-to-face meetings[7] and relieves the cadres of some responsibility
while facilitating community empowerment through active reporting[28]. The intensive and
widespread use of the DEPA can provide valuable growth, development, and recommendation
information for mothers, early childhood programs, cadres, and child welfare programmers. This
study found that the DEPA app encourages community empowerment and programs to monitor the
growth and development of children both in Posyandu and early childhood programs. This finding is
similar to the app used to monitor mothers’ and children’s health in rural areas in India[52] and
Kenya[18].
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However, the app has weaknesses including internet consumption, data storage space, and other
complexities[39]. Besides that, the app is only implementable as long as the guidelines used are still
valid. In addition, the design of any application or media with a 4D concept takes a relatively long time
because each stage requires approval, and the design cannot be continued if the previous stage is not
clear. The DEPA app is a new approach to providing comprehensive education and promotion of
toddler health including growth, development and IYCF. With this versatility, these findings have
policy and practical implications for the use of similar health apps in Indonesia with diverse
geographical conditions including rural and urban areas, islands, remote areas, sub-optimum health
care facilities, potential areas for outbreaks, disasters and other unfavorable conditions.
5. CONCLUSIONS
The DEPA app has been successfully developed in the Indonesian language and has gone through
multiple tests covering media, content, and varied user characteristics. This app contains
comprehensive information on growth, development and infant and young child feeding in one
installation. Based on multi-testing by media experts, material experts and users, this app is
considered very useful for mothers of toddlers, early childhood program teachers, cadres and
programmers at the health department level. Of course, the program manager's advocacy is needed
so that this application can be adopted and used widely both locally and nationally.
Acknowledgement
We express our gratitude to Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta for research funding and all participants who
contributed to this study.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflict interest
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