This document outlines the four demonstrative pronouns in English: this refers to something near the speaker in a singular sense, that refers to something farther away or previously mentioned in a singular sense, these refers to something near the speaker in a plural sense, and those refers to something farther away or previously mentioned in a plural sense.

1. Demonstratives

2. This
• Near
• Singular

4. That
• Far
• Singular

6. These
• Near
• Plural

7. those
• Far
• Plural