The document discusses various web application frameworks and technologies for building Java-based web applications. It summarizes the pros and cons of different languages and frameworks for web development like Java, PHP, Ruby on Rails. It also discusses specific frameworks for Java like Struts, Spring, and Hibernate. Popular companies using Java for web applications are also listed along with strategies for scaling Java web apps.

1. Jonathan Abrams SDForum Java SIG December 4, 2007 Building High-Traffic Java-Based Web Applications

2. Popular Languages for Web Apps Ruby/RoR Hot & trendy! Many small web 2.0 startups Unknown scalability (Twitter) PHP Facebook, Friendster, Yahoo Proven and very popular No connection pooling? Page-oriented, not usually MVC? Maintainability? Python Has its fans (Yelp, YouTube?), somewhat similar to Ruby? Less common than Ruby or PHP

3. Java Misconceptions Overly complicated No longer relevant Doesn’t scale as well as PHP Strongly typed is bad/hard vs. Ruby/PHP Takes more code and more time Cannot rapidly prototype

4. Tim Bray - Nov 2006 “Comparing Frameworks” “ For Web apps, I’ve given PHP the edge, because I think building scalable PHP is a little easier . By default, PHP gives you a “shared-nothing” (or at least “shared very little”) architecture, which means you’re going to scale out pretty well until your database hits the wall. Java is a much richer system and assumes you’re smart enough to know whether a shared-nothing architecture is appropriate or not. The effect is, you have to be smarter to get the same kind of scaling out of Java.”

5. Java Realities Very mature and proven Excellent performance (fast JVM/JIT) Scales fine unless you use it wrong (sessions, large heaps) Powerful and flexible Cross-platform Server, client, desktop, mobile, etc.

6. Java Realities Strong typing can actually be a big help (plus JSP/EL handles type conversions and you can also use Object or polymorphism) You can write quick spaghetti code in JSP! JSP is great for rapid prototyping, modified JSPs are automatically recompiled in development J2EE and breadth of Java technologies and frameworks IS complicated!

7. Ruby on Rails vs. Java? Groovy/Grails JRuby Object/relational mapping (Hibernate?) Code by convention (servlet mapping via servlet filter, instead of controller servlet or web.xml?)

8. Who is using Java? Social Networks (Friendster) Bebo Hi5 Tagged Tickle Classmates.com Events eVite MeetUp Socializr Involver

9. Who is using Java? E-Commerce Air Canada Bank of America Bestbuy.com Billboard.com Blue Nile Citysearch DICE DirecTV Fedex Hallmark.com Hertz Startups Daily Candy Feedburner Indeed.com Instructables Jaxtr Kaboodle Like.com LinkedIn Mint Ning Zillow Hotwire Kayak Kodak/Ofoto Macy's NY Times Shutterfly Snapfish Stamps.com Staples.com Ticketweb Vault.com Walgreens.com

10. J2EE vs. POJO J2EE The standard for developing multitier enterprise applications POJO Plain Old Java Object

11. Web App Frameworks Struts An open source framework for building Servlet/JSP based web applications based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) design paradigm WebWorks WebWork is a Java web-application development framework Struts2 Apache Struts 2 is an elegant, extensible framework for creating enterprise-ready Java web applications. Apache Struts 2 was originally known as WebWork 2 Spring Framework Spring is a layered Java/J2EE application framework with a flexible MVC web application framework Maverick Maverick is a Model-View-Controller (aka "Model 2") framework for web publishing using Java and J2EE. In principle it combines the best features of Struts, WebWork, and Cocoon2

12. More Frameworks JSF JavaServer Faces technology is a framework for building user interfaces for web applications Facelets An alternative view technology for building JSF applications Tapestry Tapestry is an open-source framework for creating dynamic, robust, highly scalable web applications in Java Velocity The Apache Velocity Engine is a free open-source templating engine. Velocity permits you to use a simple yet powerful template language to reference objects defined in Java code. Tiles Apache Tiles is a templating framework built to simplify the development of web application user interfaces. Tiles grew in popularity as a component of the popular Struts framework. It has since been extracted from Struts and is now integrated with various frameworks, such as Struts 2 and Shale. Shale Shale is a modern web application framework, fundamentally based on JavaServer Faces

13. Even More Frameworks Seam JBoss Seam is a powerful new application framework for building next generation Web 2.0 applications Helma Helma is an open source web application framework for fast and efficient scripting and serving of your websites and Internet applications. Wicket With proper mark-up/logic separation, a POJO data model, and a refreshing lack of XML, Apache Wicket makes developing web-apps simple and enjoyable again Rife Full-stack open-source component framework to quickly and consistently develop and maintain Java web applications

14. Yet More Frameworks jMaki (GlassFish) jMaki is an Ajax framework that provides a lightweight model for creating JavaScript centric Ajax-enabled web applications using Java, Ruby, PHP, and Phobos XMLC XMLC is a presentation technology that provides an object-oriented mechanism for creating dynamic content from static HTML and XML documents Grails Grails aims to bring the "coding by convention" paradigm to Groovy. It's an open-source web application framework that leverages the Groovy language and complements Java Web GWT Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is an open source Java development framework that lets you escape the matrix of technologies that make writing AJAX applications so difficult and error prone.

15. Object/Relational Mapping Hibernate JDO TopLink (Oracle -> GlassFish) iBatis ( XML-based Object/Relational mapping and persistence framework) ibatis.apache.org

16. Ancient History of Servlets 1999 – HotLinks (social bookmarking) Apache JServ, Solaris, Oracle Servlets writing HTML - ouch 2002 – Friendster JSP 1.0, Tomcat, MySQL Java mixed with HTML Servlets No tag files

17. JSP/Servlets Today 2006 – Socializr JSP 2.0 JSTL/EL Tag files written in JSP, SimpleTagSupport, functions, beans Servlets Documentation and support of JSP 2.0/JSTL/tag files poor compared to PHP/ruby/etc. Scriptlets required to access Java constants from JSPs

18. Servlet/JSP Technologies JSP pages JSP fragments EL JSTL .tag files Tag classes functions servlets beans Complicated but powerful/flexible

19. Socializr Java Architecture

20. JSP vs. Servlet? Tag class or function Reusable non-UI code JSP HTML email templates Servlets REST APIs Servlets with ROME RSS feeds Java classes (beans) Data classes and DAOs Tag file Reusable UI component Servlet Logic, modify DB JSP Web page, HTML

21. Hi5 and Bebo Examples Hi5 JSP Struts iBatis some Spring libraries Bebo No frameworks JSP Simple in-house MVC Memcached No hibernate

22. Servlet Containers Past Tomcat Jetty Resin Future Tomcat Grizzly (NIO front-end to Glassfish)

23. How to scale a webapp Lightweight non-sticky sessions Cache almost everything (memcached) Decouple slow processes from webapp Segment the database (don’t use replication to scale) Scale out not up (innovate on your app, not your infrastructure)

24. Session Management Use simple lightweight sessions, store in centralized location that can be volatile (memcached at Socializr) 9F6077E3322B4E24C90C43178F42B9C0FFD1E4A43AED1BCA –> 656280029 Keep other user data in cache or cookies Avoid sticky sessions, keep load balancing simple Don’t use built-in Servlet/JSP sessions

25. Evite Session Management

26. Caching Use memcached, don’t invent your own Put a large memcached instance on every webapp node Don’t cache inside JVM Cache almost everything but think of your expiration strategy and invalidation rules

27. Performance Tuning JRat - jrat.sourceforge.net Example: JSTL FormatDate Other cool tools: Lambda Probe, FindBugs

28. Java Technologies Apache commons: DBCP (Connection Pooling), HttpClient, File Upload Connector/J (MySQL JDBC driver) Memcached Java client JMagick (poorly documented) (not JAI) JDOM (for APIs) and StAX (for SolrJ) (XML parsing) ROME (RSS) JavaMail (SMTP and POP) Quartz (scheduling) Apache XML-RPC SolrJ JMS

29. Thank You [email_address] www.socializr.com/jobs