The document provides a walk-through for debugging RBAC problems in Istio. It discusses the importance of observability and controllability when debugging. Some techniques discussed include examining Envoy logs and traffic dumps to understand the system, using permissive RBAC to change things incrementally, following the request pipeline, and doing guess-and-check testing to hone in on the problem. The presentation emphasizes taking a methodical approach and not panicking to eventually solve RBAC issues in Istio.