The Indian markets saw a positive closing on September 30, 2011, with BSE Sensex rising to 16,698 and NSE Nifty reaching 5,015, driven by short covering and favorable news from Europe despite previous concerns over the eurozone debt crisis. Global markets also experienced gains, aided by lower unemployment claims in the U.S. and support for an expanded European bailout fund, though certain sectors like pharma and consumer durables lagged behind. Economic indicators pointed towards inflation concerns, particularly in food items, and significant corporate news included investments by Tata Steel and plans by state-run Nalco to diversify into nuclear power.