3. PRIMEROS AUXILIOS
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INTRODUCCIÒN:
• The initial guidelines for CPR were published in 1966 by an ad hoc CPR Committee of the Division of
Medical Sciences, National Academy of Sciences—National Research Council.
• CPR guidelines have been reviewed, updated, and published periodically by the AHA.
• In 2015, the process of 5-year updates was transitioned to an online format that uses a continuous
evidence evaluation process rather than periodic reviews.
• Over a half-century after the initial guidelines were published, cardiac arrest remains a leading cause of
mortality and morbidity in the United States and other countries worldwide.
4. PRIMEROS AUXILIOS
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INTRODUCCIÒN:
• “Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update,” emergency medical services respond to more than
347 000 adults and more than 7000 children (less than 18 years of age) with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
(OHCA) each year in the United States
• “Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update,” emergency medical services respond to more than
347 000 adults and more than 7000 children (less than 18 years of age) with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
(OHCA) each year in the United States.
• In-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is estimated to occur in 9.7 per 1000 adult cardiac arrests
(approximately 292 000 events annually) and 2.7 pediatric events per 1000 hospitalizations.
• In addition, approximately 1% of newly born infants in the United States need intensive resuscitative
measures to restore cardiorespiratory function.
5. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT(BLS)
When a patient is unconscious or unresponsive with no
pulse and no breathing then we have to start CPR and
follow recent guidelines of BLS 2020
BRAIN
TRAID OF BLS:
HEART LUNG
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6. CHECKLIST OF BLS
SCENE SAFETY
CALL FOR HELP AND AED(AUTOMATED EXTERNAL
DEFIBRILLATOR)
ASSESS CAROTID PULSE
IF PULSE ABSENT, START CPR(HIGH QUALITY)
IF PULSE PRESENT, GO FOR RESCUE BREATHING
AFTER CHEST COMPRESSION. ASSESS THE AIRWAY
THEN VENTILATION
AFTER 5 CYCLE OR 2 MIN, REASSESS CAROTID
PULSE.
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7. Sudden Cardiac arrest Vs. HeartAttack
A heart attack is a “circulation” problem and
sudden cardiac arrest is an “electrical” problem.
A heart attack is when blood flow to the heart is
blocked which leads to ischemia, and sudden
cardiac arrest is when the heart malfunctions
due to conduction abnormality.
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8. IHCA is in hospital cardiac arrest
and
OHCA is out of hospital cardiac arrest
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10. CPR(CARDIO-PULMONARY
RESUSCITATION)
CPR is an emergency procedure that
combines Rescue Breaths and Chest
compression in an effort to manually
preserve intact brain function until further
measures are taken to restore spontaneous
Blood circulation and breathing.
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22. ROSC(Return of spontaneous
circulation)
When patient circulation returns and pulse
palpable after CPR/AED
Once patient comes in ROSC then search for
probable cause.
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25. ACLS(ADULT CARDIOVASCULAR LIFE
SUPPORT)
ADUL
T CARDIAC ARRESTALGORITHM
ADULT POST CARDIAC ARREST CARE ALGORITHM
ADUL
T T
ACHYCARDIAALGORITHM
ADUL
T BRADYCARDIAALGORITHM
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26. ADULT CARDIAC ARREST
ALGORITHM
Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow
resulting from the failure of the heart to pump
effectively.
Signs include loss of consciousness and abnormal
or absent breathing.
Patient becomes unstable.
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27. HOW TO IDENTIFY
UNSTABLE PATIENT ?
(HASIA)
H: HYPOTENSION
A: ALTERED MENTAL STATUS
S: SIGNS OF SHOCK
I: ISCHEMIC CHEST DISCOMFORT
A: ACUTE HEART FAILURE
If any of the above conditions are there, then it is an unstable patient then
think for 5H and 5T and start CPR.
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35. PRIMEROS AUXILIOS
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Pediatric Basic and Advanced Life Support:
2020 American Heart Association Guidelines
