The document discusses how network science has advanced understanding of complex systems. It states that understanding cellular organization and function can be improved by detecting known and predicting unknown protein complexes within a cell's protein interaction network, as these are thought to provide information on biological processes and cell metabolism. It also notes that many researchers theorize the presence of relevant functional modules in such networks, and that predictions could be an inexpensive way to guide biological experiments.

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The modern science of networks has brought significant advances to the understanding of complex
systems. Understanding the principles of cellular organization and function can be enhanced if we
detect known and predict still undiscovered protein complexes within the cell’s protein–protein
interaction (PPI) network, which are believed to be important sources of information related to
biological processes and complex metabolic functions of the cell. The presence of biologically relevant
functional modules (PPI) in the network has been theorized by many researchers and predictions may
be used as an inexpensive tool to direct biological experiments.