This document summarizes a presentation about Arm and multi-architecture Kubernetes. It discusses the history and trends driving Arm, including sustainability and the end of Moore's law. It outlines the Arm ecosystem and how Arm CPUs provide power efficiency, performance, and customizability. It notes that Arm is now in all major clouds and everywhere. The goal of multi-arch infrastructure is allowing workloads to run on the best hardware without developers considering architecture. Running Kubernetes on Arm provided better performance, lower costs, and significant power savings. The main reasons for using Arm infrastructure are cost savings of 20-40%, and that Arm is crossing the chasm in adoption.

1. Cheryl Hung, Sr Director, Ecosystem, Arm
Crossing the chasm with
multi-arch
Kubernetes Community Days Amsterdam, 23 Feb 2023

2. About me
@oicheryl
2010
● C++
engineer
2016
● Infra
● Dev Adv
2017
● Cloud
Native
London
2018
● CNCF

3. @oicheryl
After CNCF you could be
@oicheryl

4. @oicheryl
Failure is an option
@oicheryl

5. @oicheryl
People and timing
@oicheryl

6. What’s next and Arm

7. 1985
@oicheryl

8. @oicheryl
TRENDS
NET 0 BY 2050
Sustainability
ENDING
Moore’s Law
COST PRESSURE
Markets
CONNECTIVITY
AND DATA
5G SUBSCRIBERS
1B
IoT CONNECTIONS
DATA GENERATED
120 ZB
14.75B
2023

9. History of Arm
RISC architecture ⇒ Power efficiency
Multipurpose ⇒ >= performance than x86
Licensing ⇒ Customizable
@oicheryl

10. History of Arm
RISC architecture ⇒ Power efficiency
Multipurpose ⇒ >= performance than x86
Licensing ⇒ Customizable
ARM v1 ARM v7
ARM v6
ARM v8.6
ARM v8.4A
@oicheryl

11. The Arm
Ecosystem
@oicheryl

12. The Arm
Ecosystem
STANDARDS
IP
MODELLING
& DESIGN
FOUNDRY EDA
SILICON
ECOSYSTEM
@oicheryl

13. The Arm
Ecosystem
STANDARDS
IP
MODELLING
& DESIGN
FOUNDRY EDA
SILICON
ECOSYSTEM
COMPUTE
SUBSYSTEM
MEMORY IO
SYSTEM
SECURITY
PARTNER PARTNER
PARTNER
PARTNER
@oicheryl

14. The Arm
Ecosystem
STANDARDS
IP
MODELLING
& DESIGN
FOUNDRY EDA
SILICON
ECOSYSTEM
MIDDLEWARE, LIBRARIES
OS, FIRMWARE
STANDARDS
APPLICATIONS
TOOLS
SOFTWARE
ECOSYSTEM
COMPUTE
SUBSYSTEM
MEMORY IO
SYSTEM
SECURITY
PARTNER PARTNER
PARTNER
PARTNER
@oicheryl

15. 2019
2020
2021
2022
@oicheryl
Arm is in all major clouds

16. @oicheryl
Arm is everywhere

17. The goal of Multi-Arch infrastructure is that
workloads can run on the best hardware
for their price/performance needs, without
developers being concerned with the
underlying architecture
@oicheryl

19. Dogfooding on Arm
@oicheryl

20. Dogfooding on Arm
60%
Better
performance
50%
Reduced
cost
>1MW
Power
saved/day
@oicheryl

21. Arm +
Not just Kubernetes
Mixed control plane and worker nodes
Cluster creation
Daemonsets
Different limits and requests per architecture
Node affinity, taints, tolerations
Multi-arch and reproducible builds
@oicheryl

22. Takeaways
1. Main reason for Arm infra
is cost savings (20-40%)
2. Arm is crossing the
chasm
3. People and timing
“48 of the top 50 Amazon
EC2 customers use AWS
Graviton processors for
their workloads.”
@oicheryl

23. Thank you
Slides at oicheryl.com