This document provides an overview of criminal law in India. It discusses key concepts like actus reus and mens rea, which are the guilty act and guilty mind that are required for a crime. It outlines various categories of crimes and stages of a crime from preparation to commission. The sources of criminal law in India are described, including the Indian Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, and Indian Evidence Act. The objectives and classifications of offences in criminal law are also summarized. An example of a criminal scam involving Harshad Mehta is briefly described at the end.
This ppt gives a structured answer as to the elements of crime and its application in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. It describes how the different sections of IPC are based on the 4 elements of crime i.e. human being, mens rea, actus reus and injury along with cases.
This ppt gives a structured answer as to the elements of crime and its application in the Indian Penal Code (IPC) 1860. It describes how the different sections of IPC are based on the 4 elements of crime i.e. human being, mens rea, actus reus and injury along with cases.
comprehensive overview of criminal law within a 3000-word limit necessitates a structured approach, focusing on key elements such as the definition of criminal law, its historical evolution, the principles governing criminal liability, the elements of a crime, various categories of crimes, criminal procedure, defenses, and contemporary issues in criminal law. Below is an outline that can guide the elaboration of each section within the word limit:
Title: Understanding Criminal Law: Foundations, Principles, and Practice
I. Introduction to Criminal Law
Definition of Criminal Law
Distinction between Civil and Criminal Law
Historical Evolution of Criminal Law
II. Principles Governing Criminal Liability
Actus Reus: The Act Requirement
Mens Rea: The Mental State Requirement
Concurrence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea
Causation
Strict Liability Offenses
III. Elements of a Crime
Actus Reus: Conduct, Consequences, and Circumstances
Mens Rea: Intention, Knowledge, Recklessness, and Negligence
Causation: Factual and Legal Causation
Strict Liability Offenses: No Requirement of Mens Rea
IV. Categories of Crimes
Felonies vs. Misdemeanors
Personal Crimes: Homicide, Assault, Battery, Rape
Property Crimes: Theft, Burglary, Robbery, Arson
Inchoate Crimes: Attempt, Conspiracy, Solicitation
White-Collar Crimes: Fraud, Embezzlement, Money Laundering
Victimless Crimes: Drug Possession, Prostitution
V. Criminal Procedure
Investigation: Arrest, Search, Seizure
Charging: Complaint, Indictment, Information
Pre-trial Proceedings: Bail, Plea Bargaining
Trial: Jury Selection, Opening Statements, Evidence Presentation
Verdict: Guilty, Not Guilty, Jury Nullification
Sentencing: Determinate vs. Indeterminate Sentencing, Probation, Parole
Appeals Process
VI. Defenses in Criminal Law
Justifications: Self-Defense, Defense of Others, Defense of Property
Excuses: Insanity, Duress, Mistake of Fact, Intoxication
Procedural Defenses: Entrapment, Double Jeopardy, Statute of Limitations
VII. Contemporary Issues in Criminal Law
Emerging Technologies and Cybercrime
Criminal Responsibility of Corporations
Criminalization of Poverty and Social Issues
Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice
Mental Health and Criminal Liability
Globalization and Transnational Crime
VIII. Conclusion
Recapitulation of Key Points
Reflection on the Evolution and Challenges of Criminal Law
Importance of Balancing Justice, Rehabilitation, and Public Safety
Each section can be elaborated upon using relevant legal principles, case examples, and scholarly insights to provide a comprehensive understanding of criminal law within the specified word limit. Additionally, the conclusion can offer a synthesis of the discussed topics, highlighting the ongoing debates and future directions in the field of criminal law.
Criminal law, often referred to as penal law, ewwwww
The law of crimes as old as the civilisation itself. The crime and the criminal in every society is looked with great hatred, but the study of the crimes and discovering the causes of crimes have remain the greatest attraction among the jurists of the jurisprudence. There always lies necessity of devising some ways and methods to curb such criminal tendencies among the section of the people living in the civilised society. The problem arises as to what acts should be forbidden, or what acts should be selected for punishment by the society or the State. The concept of the crime has been always been dependent on the public opinion.
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and CybercrimeNew York Police Departmen.docxbissacr
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and Cybercrime
New York Police Department, Times Square, New York City
Criminal cases make up a large portion of cases tried in U.S. courts. Criminal cases are bought against persons for violating federal, state, and local laws. Suspected criminals are given many rights by the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. Parties in the United States are free from unreasonable searches and seizures of evidence, and any evidence obtained illegally is considered tainted evidence and cannot be used in court. People who are suspected of a criminal act may assert their right of privilege against self-incrimination and may choose not to testify at any pretrial proceedings or at trial. Parties have a right to a public trial by a jury of their peers. In addition, if convicted of a crime, the criminal is free from cruel and unusual punishment.
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. List and describe the essential elements of a crime.
2. Describe criminal procedure, including arrest, indictment, arraignment, and the criminal trial.
3. Identify and define business and white-collar crimes.
4. List and describe cybercrimes.
5. Explain the constitutional safeguards provided by the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Chapter Outline
1. Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
2. Definition of a Crime
1. CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENT • Criminal Acts as the Basis for Tort Actions
3. Criminal Procedure
4. Common Crimes
1. ETHICS • Murder Conviction Upheld on Appeal
5. Business and White-Collar Crimes
1. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • Corporate Criminal Liability
6. Cybercrimes
1. DIGITAL LAW • The Internet and Identity Theft
2. Case 7.1 • United States v. Barrington
7. Fourth Amendment Protection From Unreasonable Search and Seizure
1. Case 7.2 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Navarette v. California
2. Case 7.3 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Maryland v. King
3. Case 7.4 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Riley v. California and United States v. Wurie
8. Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
1. Case 7.5 • Ragland v. Commonwealth of Kentucky
9. Other Constitutional Protections
1. GLOBAL LAW • France Does Not Impose the Death Penalty
“It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.”
—Sir William Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765)
Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
For members of society to coexist peacefully and for commerce to flourish, people and their property must be protected from injury by other members of society. Federal, state, and local governments’ criminal laws are intended to afford this protection by providing an incentive for persons to act reasonably in society and imposing penalties on persons who violate the laws.
There can be no equal justice where the kind of trial a man gets depends on the amount of money he has.
Justice Black
Griffin v. Illinois 351 U.S. 12, 76 S.Ct. 585, 1956 U.S. Lexis 1059 (1956)
The Uni.
· With a Penn in HandResearch the Jerry Sandusky sexual Assaults.docxoswald1horne84988
· With a Penn in Hand
Research the Jerry Sandusky sexual Assaults and how this case was handled by Penn State.
Discuss the concept of criminal failure to act.
Did Assistant Coach Michael McQuery have a legal or moral duty to intervene in the alleged sexual assault he witnessed?
Did Coach Joe Paterno have al legal or moral duty to intervene in the alleged conduct once he became aware of it?
Include at least one other example or case in which “someone has done nothing while bad things are happening around them.” What legal duties, if any, should be imposed and what theory of punishment and what punishment should be applied? Who should be the one to decide the legal duties and punishment?
Your paper should be 3-5 pages in length and should properly cite your outside sources and use APA style formatting. You should include a minimum of two outside sources, making certain to properly cite your sources.
Here are some notes down below to help!!
Chapter 3
The Criminal Act: The First Principle of Criminal Liability
The voluntary act requirement is called the first principle of criminal liability. Recall the definition of criminal conduct:
· “Conduct that unjustifiably and inexcusably inflicts or threatens substantial harm to individual or public interests” (MPC § 1.02(1)(a), Chapter 1, p. 6).
· And the three elements of criminal conduct consist of: Conduct that is; Without justification and; Without excuse.
The Elements of Criminal Liability
The drafters of criminal codes have four building blocks at their disposal when they write the definitions of the thousands of crimes and defenses that make up their criminal codes.
These building blocks are the elements of a crime that the prosecution has to prove beyond a reasonable doubt to convict individual defendants of the crimes they’re charged with committing:
· Criminal act (actus reus)
· Criminal intent (mens rea)
· Concurrence
· Attendant circumstances
· Bad result (causing a criminal harm)
All crimes have to include a criminal act (actus reus or “evil act”, also the physical element in crime).
· The vast majority of minor crimes against public order and morals don’t include either a mental element (mens rea) or the element of causation, or conduct that causes a bad result.
Most of the offenses that don’t require a mens rea do include what we call an attendant circumstances element. Attendant circumstances element is a “circumstance” connected to an act, an intent, and/or a bad result.
Serious crimes, such as murder, sexual assault, robbery, and burglary, include both a criminal act and a second element, the mental attitudes included in mens rea. Crimes consisting of a criminal act and a mens rea include a third element, concurrence, which means that a criminal intent has to trigger the criminal act.
We call crimes requiring a criminal act triggered by criminal intent “conduct crimes.” Don’t confuse criminal act with criminal conduct as we use these terms.
A criminal act is voluntary bodily movements w.
comprehensive overview of criminal law within a 3000-word limit necessitates a structured approach, focusing on key elements such as the definition of criminal law, its historical evolution, the principles governing criminal liability, the elements of a crime, various categories of crimes, criminal procedure, defenses, and contemporary issues in criminal law. Below is an outline that can guide the elaboration of each section within the word limit:
Title: Understanding Criminal Law: Foundations, Principles, and Practice
I. Introduction to Criminal Law
Definition of Criminal Law
Distinction between Civil and Criminal Law
Historical Evolution of Criminal Law
II. Principles Governing Criminal Liability
Actus Reus: The Act Requirement
Mens Rea: The Mental State Requirement
Concurrence of Actus Reus and Mens Rea
Causation
Strict Liability Offenses
III. Elements of a Crime
Actus Reus: Conduct, Consequences, and Circumstances
Mens Rea: Intention, Knowledge, Recklessness, and Negligence
Causation: Factual and Legal Causation
Strict Liability Offenses: No Requirement of Mens Rea
IV. Categories of Crimes
Felonies vs. Misdemeanors
Personal Crimes: Homicide, Assault, Battery, Rape
Property Crimes: Theft, Burglary, Robbery, Arson
Inchoate Crimes: Attempt, Conspiracy, Solicitation
White-Collar Crimes: Fraud, Embezzlement, Money Laundering
Victimless Crimes: Drug Possession, Prostitution
V. Criminal Procedure
Investigation: Arrest, Search, Seizure
Charging: Complaint, Indictment, Information
Pre-trial Proceedings: Bail, Plea Bargaining
Trial: Jury Selection, Opening Statements, Evidence Presentation
Verdict: Guilty, Not Guilty, Jury Nullification
Sentencing: Determinate vs. Indeterminate Sentencing, Probation, Parole
Appeals Process
VI. Defenses in Criminal Law
Justifications: Self-Defense, Defense of Others, Defense of Property
Excuses: Insanity, Duress, Mistake of Fact, Intoxication
Procedural Defenses: Entrapment, Double Jeopardy, Statute of Limitations
VII. Contemporary Issues in Criminal Law
Emerging Technologies and Cybercrime
Criminal Responsibility of Corporations
Criminalization of Poverty and Social Issues
Racial Disparities in Criminal Justice
Mental Health and Criminal Liability
Globalization and Transnational Crime
VIII. Conclusion
Recapitulation of Key Points
Reflection on the Evolution and Challenges of Criminal Law
Importance of Balancing Justice, Rehabilitation, and Public Safety
Each section can be elaborated upon using relevant legal principles, case examples, and scholarly insights to provide a comprehensive understanding of criminal law within the specified word limit. Additionally, the conclusion can offer a synthesis of the discussed topics, highlighting the ongoing debates and future directions in the field of criminal law.
Criminal law, often referred to as penal law, ewwwww
The law of crimes as old as the civilisation itself. The crime and the criminal in every society is looked with great hatred, but the study of the crimes and discovering the causes of crimes have remain the greatest attraction among the jurists of the jurisprudence. There always lies necessity of devising some ways and methods to curb such criminal tendencies among the section of the people living in the civilised society. The problem arises as to what acts should be forbidden, or what acts should be selected for punishment by the society or the State. The concept of the crime has been always been dependent on the public opinion.
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and CybercrimeNew York Police Departmen.docxbissacr
CHAPTER 7 Criminal Law and Cybercrime
New York Police Department, Times Square, New York City
Criminal cases make up a large portion of cases tried in U.S. courts. Criminal cases are bought against persons for violating federal, state, and local laws. Suspected criminals are given many rights by the U.S. Constitution and state constitutions. Parties in the United States are free from unreasonable searches and seizures of evidence, and any evidence obtained illegally is considered tainted evidence and cannot be used in court. People who are suspected of a criminal act may assert their right of privilege against self-incrimination and may choose not to testify at any pretrial proceedings or at trial. Parties have a right to a public trial by a jury of their peers. In addition, if convicted of a crime, the criminal is free from cruel and unusual punishment.
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. List and describe the essential elements of a crime.
2. Describe criminal procedure, including arrest, indictment, arraignment, and the criminal trial.
3. Identify and define business and white-collar crimes.
4. List and describe cybercrimes.
5. Explain the constitutional safeguards provided by the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Chapter Outline
1. Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
2. Definition of a Crime
1. CONTEMPORARY ENVIRONMENT • Criminal Acts as the Basis for Tort Actions
3. Criminal Procedure
4. Common Crimes
1. ETHICS • Murder Conviction Upheld on Appeal
5. Business and White-Collar Crimes
1. BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT • Corporate Criminal Liability
6. Cybercrimes
1. DIGITAL LAW • The Internet and Identity Theft
2. Case 7.1 • United States v. Barrington
7. Fourth Amendment Protection From Unreasonable Search and Seizure
1. Case 7.2 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Navarette v. California
2. Case 7.3 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Maryland v. King
3. Case 7.4 • U.S. SUPREME COURT CASE • Riley v. California and United States v. Wurie
8. Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Incrimination
1. Case 7.5 • Ragland v. Commonwealth of Kentucky
9. Other Constitutional Protections
1. GLOBAL LAW • France Does Not Impose the Death Penalty
“It is better that ten guilty persons escape than that one innocent suffer.”
—Sir William Blackstone Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765)
Introduction to Criminal Law and Cybercrime
For members of society to coexist peacefully and for commerce to flourish, people and their property must be protected from injury by other members of society. Federal, state, and local governments’ criminal laws are intended to afford this protection by providing an incentive for persons to act reasonably in society and imposing penalties on persons who violate the laws.
There can be no equal justice where the kind of trial a man gets depends on the amount of money he has.
Justice Black
Griffin v. Illinois 351 U.S. 12, 76 S.Ct. 585, 1956 U.S. Lexis 1059 (1956)
The Uni.
· With a Penn in HandResearch the Jerry Sandusky sexual Assaults.docxoswald1horne84988
· With a Penn in Hand
Research the Jerry Sandusky sexual Assaults and how this case was handled by Penn State.
Discuss the concept of criminal failure to act.
Did Assistant Coach Michael McQuery have a legal or moral duty to intervene in the alleged sexual assault he witnessed?
Did Coach Joe Paterno have al legal or moral duty to intervene in the alleged conduct once he became aware of it?
Include at least one other example or case in which “someone has done nothing while bad things are happening around them.” What legal duties, if any, should be imposed and what theory of punishment and what punishment should be applied? Who should be the one to decide the legal duties and punishment?
Your paper should be 3-5 pages in length and should properly cite your outside sources and use APA style formatting. You should include a minimum of two outside sources, making certain to properly cite your sources.
Here are some notes down below to help!!
Chapter 3
The Criminal Act: The First Principle of Criminal Liability
The voluntary act requirement is called the first principle of criminal liability. Recall the definition of criminal conduct:
· “Conduct that unjustifiably and inexcusably inflicts or threatens substantial harm to individual or public interests” (MPC § 1.02(1)(a), Chapter 1, p. 6).
· And the three elements of criminal conduct consist of: Conduct that is; Without justification and; Without excuse.
The Elements of Criminal Liability
The drafters of criminal codes have four building blocks at their disposal when they write the definitions of the thousands of crimes and defenses that make up their criminal codes.
These building blocks are the elements of a crime that the prosecution has to prove beyond a reasonable doubt to convict individual defendants of the crimes they’re charged with committing:
· Criminal act (actus reus)
· Criminal intent (mens rea)
· Concurrence
· Attendant circumstances
· Bad result (causing a criminal harm)
All crimes have to include a criminal act (actus reus or “evil act”, also the physical element in crime).
· The vast majority of minor crimes against public order and morals don’t include either a mental element (mens rea) or the element of causation, or conduct that causes a bad result.
Most of the offenses that don’t require a mens rea do include what we call an attendant circumstances element. Attendant circumstances element is a “circumstance” connected to an act, an intent, and/or a bad result.
Serious crimes, such as murder, sexual assault, robbery, and burglary, include both a criminal act and a second element, the mental attitudes included in mens rea. Crimes consisting of a criminal act and a mens rea include a third element, concurrence, which means that a criminal intent has to trigger the criminal act.
We call crimes requiring a criminal act triggered by criminal intent “conduct crimes.” Don’t confuse criminal act with criminal conduct as we use these terms.
A criminal act is voluntary bodily movements w.
Synopsis On Annual General Meeting/Extra Ordinary General Meeting With Ordinary And Special Businesses And Ordinary And Special Resolutions with Companies (Postal Ballot) Regulations, 2018
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
How to Obtain Permanent Residency in the NetherlandsBridgeWest.eu
You can rely on our assistance if you are ready to apply for permanent residency. Find out more at: https://immigration-netherlands.com/obtain-a-permanent-residence-permit-in-the-netherlands/.
Car Accident Injury Do I Have a Case....Knowyourright
Every year, thousands of Minnesotans are injured in car accidents. These injuries can be severe – even life-changing. Under Minnesota law, you can pursue compensation through a personal injury lawsuit.
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2. INTRODUCTION
The term 'Crime' denotes an unlawful act and
this unlawful act is punishable by a state.
A common principle about Criminal Law is that,
unless an activity is prohibited by law, it does not
qualify as a crime. Incidents of crime hurt not only
the individual, but also the state.
Therefore, such acts are forbidden and
punishable by law.
The body of laws which deals with imposing
punishments on crimes is known as Criminal Law.
3. WHAT DO WE
UNDERSTAND
BY CRIME?
CATEGORIES OF
CRIMES
STAGES OF
CRIME
ELEMENTS OF
CRIME
INTENTION AND
MOTIVE
6. Elements of Crime: Guilty Act and
Guilty Mind
To be classified as a crime, the act of doing something bad
(actus reus) must be usually accompanied by the intention
to do something bad (mens rea).
A crime is said to exist usually when both these elements are
present.
Unless this mental element is present, no act is usually
criminal in nature. So, all crimes have a physical element and
a mental element, usually called actus reus and mens rea
respectively.
7. “actus non acit reum nisi mens
sit rea ”
The principle of actus reus and mens rea are embedded in
the Latin maxim.
This latin maxim means that an act does not make one guilty
unless the mind is also legally blameworthy.
In other words, for a physical act to be termed a crime, it
must be accompanied by the necessary mental element.
8. What is actus reus?
What is mens rea?
The word actus connotes a 'deed'
which is a physical result of human
conduct.
the word reus means 'forbidden by
law’.
It is made up of three constituent
parts, namely:
1. An action or a conduct
2. The result of that action or
conduct
3. Such act/conduct being
prohibited by law
Illustrations:
An executioner's job is to hang (no
actus reus)
An army man kills as a part of his
duty (no actus reus)
Mens rea generally means
'ill intention'.
The constituents of mens
rea are:
1. There must be a mind at
fault/intention to constitute a
crime.
2. The act becomes criminal
when the actor does it with a
guilty mind.
9. MOTIVE INTENTION
Intention is the thing
you and plan to do and
achieve.
Some actions might
not have an intention.
Key element in
determining criminal
liability.
Motive is the ulterior
objective behind an
act.
Every act has some
kind of motive(good or
bad)
Considered to be
irrelevant in criminal
law.
10. CRIMINAL
LAW IN INDIA
OBJECTIVES
SOURCES
INDIAN PENAL
CODE,1860
CRIMINAL
PROCEDURAL
CODE,1973
INDIAN EVIDENCE
ACT,1872
CRIMES-SPECIAL &
LOCAL LAWS
12. The Purpose Of Criminal Law In
India
to define a variety of crimes e.g. theft,
cheating, murder, etc.
to prescribe appropriate punishment for
each crime e.g. imprisonment or fine, and
to lay down suitable investigation and trial
procedures.
13. Sources of Criminal Law
The Indian Penal Code, 1860, which defines various crimes such as
murder, theft, etc.
Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, which lays down the procedure
for both the police to investigate crimes and for trial of offences.
The Indian Evidence Act, 1872, which stipulates the kind of
evidence admissible in court.
Special Criminal Laws passed by the Parliament or State
Legislatures such as the Prevention of Corruption Act, Food
Adulteration Act, Dowry Prevention Act, Commission of Sati Act etc.
14. INDIAN PENAL CODE, 1860
The Indian Penal Code was passed in 1860 and came into
force in 1862.
INSPIRATION- French Penal Code and Code of Louisiana
in the US.
The Indian Penal Code is divided into 23 chapters,
comprising over 500 sections.
The Code starts with an Introduction, provides explanations
and exceptions used in it, and then lists a wide range of
offences.
15. • Indian Penal Code (IPC) covers the
substantial part of criminal law in India.
It defines various common criminal
offences.
For example, it defines
murder, theft, assault
and a number of other
offences and also
stipulates appropriate
punishments for each
offence.
16. The Punishment for theft is stipulated
in the following Section 379 which
states:
“Whoever commits theft shall be
punished with imprisonment for a term
which may extend to three years, or
with fine, or with both.”
19. The object of the Criminal Procedure Code is to
provide a mechanism for the investigation and
trial of offenders.
It lays down the rules for conduct of
investigation into offences by the police
proceedings in court against any person who has
committed an offence under any Criminal law,
whether it is IPC or a Crime classified under any
other law.
20. CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENCES
Classified according to the nature and gravity of the offence.
BAILABLE NON-BAILABLE
Right to get bail while the trail is
pending.
Serious offence-Bail can be obtained
only by court’s discretion.
COGNIZABLE NON-COGNIZABLE
Serious offence- accused can be
arrested without warrant.
Police hast to wait for warrant from
court.
COMPOUNDABLE NON-COMPOUNDABLE
Accused can come to an
arrangement with the state
prosecution.
E.g. Caught travelling without ticket
on a bus/train.
Serious offences- convicts of crime
such as murderers, thieves, frauds,
etc… cannot compound their crimes.
22. STAGES OF INVESTIGATION
PROCCEDING TO
THE SPOT
ASCERTAING FACTS
DISCOVERY AND
ARREST OF
SUSPECTED
OFFENDERS
COLLECTION OF
EVIDENCE
FORMATION OF
POINIONS
POLICE REPORT TO
MAGISTRATE
23. STAGES OF TRIAL
Framing of
charge or
giving of notice
Recording of
prosecution
evidence
Statement of
accused
Judgement
Final argument
Defence
evidence
24. Indian Evidence Act 172
The Indian Evidence Act stipulates how facts can be proved
through evidence.
One of the main objectives of the Evidence Act is to prevent
the inaccuracy in the admissibility of evidence and to
introduce a more correct and uniform rule of practice.
The main principles which form the foundation of Law of
Evidence are
evidence must be confined to the matter at hand
hearsay evidence must not be admitted
best evidence must be given in all cases.
25. The Act is divided into three parts:
Part I - Relevancy of facts or what facts may or may not be
proved. These are dealt 2 with in detail in (Sections 5 to 55).
Part II - How the relevant facts are to be proved? The part
deals with matters, 2 which need not be prove under law and
also how facts-in-issue or relevant facts are proved through
oral and documentary evidence (Sections 56 to 1).
Part III - By whom and in what manner must the evidence
be produced. It deals 2 with the procedure for production of
evidence and the effects of evidence (Sections 11 to 167).
26. Admission and confession:
Admission and confession: Sections 17 to 31 deals with
admission generally and include Sections to which
deal with confession as distinguished from admission.
27.
28. Crimes under the Special Acts and
Local Laws
Certain acts are to be considered criminal acts
even when they are not to be found in IPC. This is
because they have been identified as crimes in
Special and Local Laws.
29. Arms Act, 1959
Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985
Gambling Act, 1867
Excise Act, 1944
Prohibition Act
Explosives & Explosive substances Act, 1884 &1908
Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956
Railways Act, 1989
Registration of Foreigners Act, 1930
Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955
Indian Passport Act, 1967
Other crimes (not specified above) under Special and Local
Laws including Cyber Laws under Information Technology
Act (IT), 2000.
30. HARSHAD MEHTA
his career with New India Assurance
Co.
Quit his job in 1981 to become a sub-
broker.
Went bankrupt in 1982 & recovered
soon to become more stronger.
Went on to become one the most
successful broker --The Rags to Riches
Story, thereby earning the nick name of
THE BIGBULL´
WHAT WAS THE SCAM ALL ABOUT
1 Diversion of funds
2 Use of Ready Forward (RF) to maintain
SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio)