This document provides an overview of criminal law principles and classifications of offenses in India. It discusses the differences between civil law, which aims to compensate victims, and criminal law, which aims to punish offenders. Criminal offenses are classified in the Indian Penal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure based on factors like cognizability, bailability, and whether they are summary, warrant, or triable cases. Special consideration is given to cyber crimes as they challenge traditional assumptions about criminals and victims.
The document analyzes leading Supreme Court cases related to national security, public order, and rule of law. It discusses two key Supreme Court cases - Anuradha Bhasin vs Union of India and Ram Manohar Lohia vs State of Bihar. In Anuradha Bhasin, the Supreme Court held that the government must disclose all orders restricting internet access. In Ram Manohar Lohia, the court distinguished between 'law and order', 'public order', and threats affecting 'national security', with increasing levels of threat. The document examines over 125 Supreme Court judgments to understand jurisprudence around balancing security concerns with civil liberties and rule of law.
Judges and lawyers in courts are struggling to dispense justice as COVID-19 fears increase. Courts are reducing benches, curtailing crowds, and only listing urgent matters. The article also discusses the Supreme Court Annual Report and analyses citizenship in India through a special supplement tracing its history and examining its legal position.
The document provides an overview of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) in Bangladesh. Some key points:
- The CrPC is the primary legislation governing criminal procedure in Bangladesh. It was first enacted in 1898 under British rule and has since been amended after independence.
- The CrPC outlines the procedures for criminal courts, conducting criminal proceedings, and crime prevention. It contains provisions for regular trials and summary trials in magistrate courts.
- Regular trials involve framing charges, examining evidence, and determining acquittals or sentences. Summary trials have simplified procedures without recording all evidence to expedite less serious cases.
- The objectives of the CrPC include ensuring accused persons receive a fair trial according to principles
The document provides an overview of criminal law in Bangladesh. It defines crime and criminal law, explaining that criminal law aims to punish offenders through the legal system. The two main types of criminal law in Bangladesh are felonies and misdemeanors. The key criminal laws of Bangladesh include the Penal Code of 1860 and the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1898. These laws define offenses, punishments, and legal procedures. Criminal courts in Bangladesh include courts of sessions and courts of magistrates, which handle different types of criminal cases.
Among the procedural law the Code of Criminal Procedure is very important.
The Code was come into force in first July, 1898. The Code was enacted with a
view to regulate the procedure concerning inquiry, investigation and trial of
criminal acts.
As a procedural law it contains the procedure of the criminal law.
The Code has several aspects. Social is one of them. The concern of the Code
becomes clear from its provisions on protection and maintenance of women,
children and persons otherwise handicapped.
Analysis of important topics on justice, human rights, rule of law, good governance, anti-corruption, civil society in Moldova.
Among the covered topics:
• 2019 POB: Moldovans Dissatisfied with Anticorruption Efforts, Have The Highest Confidence in the Church
• Chişinău International Airport—the “Generator” Of Criminal Cases with an Unknown Beneficiary
• Constitutional Court Judges Must Be Held Liable, but in What Conditions?
• Despite a Nine-Year Prison Sentence, Vlad Filat Released after Only Four Years
• Republic of Moldova Among the European Countries Where Justice is Done Fastest
Subscribe for the newsletter here: www.crjm.org
Rights are justiciable - Article 32..pptxavikkalsa
Justiciable rights are fundamental rights that can be enforced in a court of law. Article 32 of the Indian Constitution gives citizens the right to approach the Supreme Court directly to enforce their fundamental rights. It empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for enforcing justiciable fundamental rights. Some examples of justiciable rights in the Indian Constitution are the rights to equality, freedom, life, religious freedom and cultural rights. These rights are important as they protect citizens from government violation and provide a mechanism for legal recourse.
The document analyzes leading Supreme Court cases related to national security, public order, and rule of law. It discusses two key Supreme Court cases - Anuradha Bhasin vs Union of India and Ram Manohar Lohia vs State of Bihar. In Anuradha Bhasin, the Supreme Court held that the government must disclose all orders restricting internet access. In Ram Manohar Lohia, the court distinguished between 'law and order', 'public order', and threats affecting 'national security', with increasing levels of threat. The document examines over 125 Supreme Court judgments to understand jurisprudence around balancing security concerns with civil liberties and rule of law.
Judges and lawyers in courts are struggling to dispense justice as COVID-19 fears increase. Courts are reducing benches, curtailing crowds, and only listing urgent matters. The article also discusses the Supreme Court Annual Report and analyses citizenship in India through a special supplement tracing its history and examining its legal position.
The document provides an overview of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) in Bangladesh. Some key points:
- The CrPC is the primary legislation governing criminal procedure in Bangladesh. It was first enacted in 1898 under British rule and has since been amended after independence.
- The CrPC outlines the procedures for criminal courts, conducting criminal proceedings, and crime prevention. It contains provisions for regular trials and summary trials in magistrate courts.
- Regular trials involve framing charges, examining evidence, and determining acquittals or sentences. Summary trials have simplified procedures without recording all evidence to expedite less serious cases.
- The objectives of the CrPC include ensuring accused persons receive a fair trial according to principles
The document provides an overview of criminal law in Bangladesh. It defines crime and criminal law, explaining that criminal law aims to punish offenders through the legal system. The two main types of criminal law in Bangladesh are felonies and misdemeanors. The key criminal laws of Bangladesh include the Penal Code of 1860 and the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1898. These laws define offenses, punishments, and legal procedures. Criminal courts in Bangladesh include courts of sessions and courts of magistrates, which handle different types of criminal cases.
Among the procedural law the Code of Criminal Procedure is very important.
The Code was come into force in first July, 1898. The Code was enacted with a
view to regulate the procedure concerning inquiry, investigation and trial of
criminal acts.
As a procedural law it contains the procedure of the criminal law.
The Code has several aspects. Social is one of them. The concern of the Code
becomes clear from its provisions on protection and maintenance of women,
children and persons otherwise handicapped.
Analysis of important topics on justice, human rights, rule of law, good governance, anti-corruption, civil society in Moldova.
Among the covered topics:
• 2019 POB: Moldovans Dissatisfied with Anticorruption Efforts, Have The Highest Confidence in the Church
• Chişinău International Airport—the “Generator” Of Criminal Cases with an Unknown Beneficiary
• Constitutional Court Judges Must Be Held Liable, but in What Conditions?
• Despite a Nine-Year Prison Sentence, Vlad Filat Released after Only Four Years
• Republic of Moldova Among the European Countries Where Justice is Done Fastest
Subscribe for the newsletter here: www.crjm.org
Rights are justiciable - Article 32..pptxavikkalsa
Justiciable rights are fundamental rights that can be enforced in a court of law. Article 32 of the Indian Constitution gives citizens the right to approach the Supreme Court directly to enforce their fundamental rights. It empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for enforcing justiciable fundamental rights. Some examples of justiciable rights in the Indian Constitution are the rights to equality, freedom, life, religious freedom and cultural rights. These rights are important as they protect citizens from government violation and provide a mechanism for legal recourse.
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptxMasoudZamani13
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Frameworkdevaki57
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaintsseoglobal20
Our company bridges the gap between registered users and experienced advocates, offering a user-friendly online platform for seamless interaction. This platform empowers users to voice their grievances, particularly regarding online consumer issues. We streamline support by utilizing our team of expert advocates to provide consultancy services and initiate appropriate legal actions.
Our Online Consumer Legal Forum offers comprehensive guidance to individuals and businesses facing consumer complaints. With a dedicated team, round-the-clock support, and efficient complaint management, we are the preferred solution for addressing consumer grievances.
Our intuitive online interface allows individuals to register complaints, seek legal advice, and pursue justice conveniently. Users can submit complaints via mobile devices and send legal notices to companies directly through our portal.
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdfveteranlegal
https://veteranlegal.in/defense-lawyer-in-india/ | Criminal defense Lawyer in India has always been a vital aspect of the country's legal system. As defenders of justice, criminal Defense Lawyer play a critical role in ensuring that individuals accused of crimes receive a fair trial and that their constitutional rights are protected. As India evolves socially, economically, and technologically, the role and future of criminal Defense Lawyer are also undergoing significant changes. This comprehensive blog explores the current landscape, challenges, technological advancements, and prospects for criminal Defense Lawyer in India.
Safeguarding Against Financial Crime: AML Compliance Regulations DemystifiedPROF. PAUL ALLIEU KAMARA
To ensure the integrity of financial systems and combat illicit financial activities, understanding AML (Anti-Money Laundering) compliance regulations is crucial for financial institutions and businesses. AML compliance regulations are designed to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorist activities by imposing specific requirements on financial institutions, including customer due diligence, monitoring, and reporting of suspicious activities (GitHub Docs).
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptxMasoudZamani13
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Frameworkdevaki57
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
Integrating Advocacy and Legal Tactics to Tackle Online Consumer Complaintsseoglobal20
Our company bridges the gap between registered users and experienced advocates, offering a user-friendly online platform for seamless interaction. This platform empowers users to voice their grievances, particularly regarding online consumer issues. We streamline support by utilizing our team of expert advocates to provide consultancy services and initiate appropriate legal actions.
Our Online Consumer Legal Forum offers comprehensive guidance to individuals and businesses facing consumer complaints. With a dedicated team, round-the-clock support, and efficient complaint management, we are the preferred solution for addressing consumer grievances.
Our intuitive online interface allows individuals to register complaints, seek legal advice, and pursue justice conveniently. Users can submit complaints via mobile devices and send legal notices to companies directly through our portal.
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
The Future of Criminal Defense Lawyer in India.pdfveteranlegal
https://veteranlegal.in/defense-lawyer-in-india/ | Criminal defense Lawyer in India has always been a vital aspect of the country's legal system. As defenders of justice, criminal Defense Lawyer play a critical role in ensuring that individuals accused of crimes receive a fair trial and that their constitutional rights are protected. As India evolves socially, economically, and technologically, the role and future of criminal Defense Lawyer are also undergoing significant changes. This comprehensive blog explores the current landscape, challenges, technological advancements, and prospects for criminal Defense Lawyer in India.
Safeguarding Against Financial Crime: AML Compliance Regulations DemystifiedPROF. PAUL ALLIEU KAMARA
To ensure the integrity of financial systems and combat illicit financial activities, understanding AML (Anti-Money Laundering) compliance regulations is crucial for financial institutions and businesses. AML compliance regulations are designed to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorist activities by imposing specific requirements on financial institutions, including customer due diligence, monitoring, and reporting of suspicious activities (GitHub Docs).
Sangyun Lee, 'Why Korea's Merger Control Occasionally Fails: A Public Choice ...Sangyun Lee
Presentation slides for a session held on June 4, 2024, at Kyoto University. This presentation is based on the presenter’s recent paper, coauthored with Hwang Lee, Professor, Korea University, with the same title, published in the Journal of Business Administration & Law, Volume 34, No. 2 (April 2024). The paper, written in Korean, is available at <https://shorturl.at/GCWcI>.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
Creative operations teams expect increased AI use in 2024. Currently, over half of tasks are not AI-enabled, but this is expected to decrease in the coming year. ChatGPT is the most popular AI tool currently. Business leaders are more actively exploring AI benefits than individual contributors. Most respondents do not believe AI will impact workforce size in 2024. However, some inhibitions still exist around AI accuracy and lack of understanding. Creatives primarily want to use AI to save time on mundane tasks and boost productivity.
Organizational culture includes values, norms, systems, symbols, language, assumptions, beliefs, and habits that influence employee behaviors and how people interpret those behaviors. It is important because culture can help or hinder a company's success. Some key aspects of Netflix's culture that help it achieve results include hiring smartly so every position has stars, focusing on attitude over just aptitude, and having a strict policy against peacocks, whiners, and jerks.
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024Neil Kimberley
PepsiCo provided a safe harbor statement noting that any forward-looking statements are based on currently available information and are subject to risks and uncertainties. It also provided information on non-GAAP measures and directing readers to its website for disclosure and reconciliation. The document then discussed PepsiCo's business overview, including that it is a global beverage and convenient food company with iconic brands, $91 billion in net revenue in 2023, and nearly $14 billion in core operating profit. It operates through a divisional structure with a focus on local consumers.
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)contently
This document provides an overview of content methodology best practices. It defines content methodology as establishing objectives, KPIs, and a culture of continuous learning and iteration. An effective methodology focuses on connecting with audiences, creating optimal content, and optimizing processes. It also discusses why a methodology is needed due to the competitive landscape, proliferation of channels, and opportunities for improvement. Components of an effective methodology include defining objectives and KPIs, audience analysis, identifying opportunities, and evaluating resources. The document concludes with recommendations around creating a content plan, testing and optimizing content over 90 days.
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
The document provides guidance on preparing a job search for 2024. It discusses the state of the job market, focusing on growth in AI and healthcare but also continued layoffs. It recommends figuring out what you want to do by researching interests and skills, then conducting informational interviews. The job search should involve building a personal brand on LinkedIn, actively applying to jobs, tailoring resumes and interviews, maintaining job hunting as a habit, and continuing self-improvement. Once hired, the document advises setting new goals and keeping skills and networking active in case of future opportunities.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
The document provides career advice for getting into the tech field, including:
- Doing projects and internships in college to build a portfolio.
- Learning about different roles and technologies through industry research.
- Contributing to open source projects to build experience and network.
- Developing a personal brand through a website and social media presence.
- Networking through events, communities, and finding a mentor.
- Practicing interviews through mock interviews and whiteboarding coding questions.
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
1. Core updates from Google periodically change how its algorithms assess and rank websites and pages. This can impact rankings through shifts in user intent, site quality issues being caught up to, world events influencing queries, and overhauls to search like the E-A-T framework.
2. There are many possible user intents beyond just transactional, navigational and informational. Identifying intent shifts is important during core updates. Sites may need to optimize for new intents through different content types and sections.
3. Responding effectively to core updates requires analyzing "before and after" data to understand changes, identifying new intents or page types, and ensuring content matches appropriate intents across video, images, knowledge graphs and more.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
3. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 3
Every kind of deviant
or crooked conduct
prohibited by law can
attract either Civil
or Penal consequences
or at times both Civil
and Criminal
liabilities.
4. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 4
The purpose of Civil Law
is to compensate the
victim by way of
reparations, to
compensate the damage
suffered by him. This
compensation is
described as,
“damages”
5. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 5
Damages in Civil Law can
either be liquidated
damages
OR
unliquidated damages.
6. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 6
In the case of contracts,
parties themselves can
agree on compensation for
delayed performance.
7. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 7
These are called
liquidated damages; when
parties lay down the
principles based on which
the damages can be
compensated.
9. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 9
Damages are described
to be unliquidated
when only the court
can exactly compute
the damages payable to
the victim.
10. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 10
The purpose of
Criminal Law,
on the other hand is
to punish the offender
rather than
compensating the
victim.
11. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 11
The Cr.P.C empowers
the Judge to impose
fines and further
order the payment of
the fine collected to
the victim of the
offence.
12. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 12
Recently, the Madras High
Court while upholding the
conviction of the accused,
in the case of Advocate
Mr.Shanmukhasundaram’s
attempt to murder case,
while reducing the life
sentence to eight years,
directed the accused to pay
the fine of Rs.50,000/- to
the victim of the offence.
13. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 13
Since the purpose of
Criminal Law is to punish
the offender for many
reasons such as,
•a) Punishment is an
organized and legally
sanctioned state
revenge against the
offender.
14. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 14
Since the purpose of Criminal
Law is to punish the offender
for many reasons such as(contd)
•b) During the period
offenders are held in
jail, he/she/ they
are unlikely to
repeat the offences.
15. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 15
Since the purpose of Criminal
Law is to punish the offender
for many reasons such as(contd)
• c)Punishment of the offender
deters like-minded people
from committing the offence
as they will look upon the
punishment and the offender
and as a possible
consequence and hence avoid
crimes.
16. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 16
All over the world,
it is recognized that
no man can be
punished without the
due process of law.
17. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 17
Under our
constitution,
the right to personal
liberty is an
important fundamental,
basic, constitutional
right available to
both citizens and non-
citizens alike.
18. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 18
This right also has in it
the following consequential
rights.
•1) No punishment
without law.
19. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 19
This right also has in it the
following consequential
rights(contd)
•2) Normally, penal
laws cannot have
retrospective
operations.
20. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 20
This right also has in it the
following consequential
rights(contd)
•3) No punishment
without a trial in
accordance with law.
21. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 21
This right also has in it the
following consequential
rights(contd)
•4) The due process
contemplated includes
both “substantive”
and “procedural due
process”.
22. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 22
The “substantive due
process” means that
the law must have been
validly laid down by
Parliament
OR
State Legislature or any
body competent to make law.
23. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 23
The term “procedural due
process” implies that
the mechanism of
implementation of the
law is fair and complies
with the principles of
natural justice.
24. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 24
The substantive Criminal
Law of our country is found
in Indian Penal Code 1860.
In addition, many of the
Central and State
Legislation prescribe the
acts that are crimes and
stipulate punishment
therefore.
25. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 25
Under the Indian
Constitution, “Justice
Administration” is a
State subject. Unlike
United States of America
where both the Federal
Govt and the States
ensure penal law
implementation.
26. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 26
In India the CBI can
investigate a matter
in any of the states
of the Union of India,
only if specifically
authorized by the
state.
27. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 27
As far as Cyber crimes go,
geographical frontiers are
irrelevant. The incidence of
the Cyber crime makes it all
the more necessary for Union
of India to have a Federal
police force having
statutory and constitutional
competence to investigate
Cyber crimes.
28. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 28
Indian Penal Code 1860, the
great work of Lord Macaulay
or his legal assistant
classifies offences in
following categories.
29. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 29
Classification of offences
• A) Abetment of a crime.
• B) Criminal conspiracy.
• C) Offences against the
State.
• D) Offences against armed
forces.
• E) Offences against public
tranquility.
30. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 30
Classification of offences(contd.)
• F) Offences by/relating to
public servants.
• G) Offences relating to
elections.
• H) Offences against lawful
authority of public servant
and of contempt.
31. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 31
Classification of offences(contd)
• I) Perjury and offences against
public justice.
• J) Offences relating to currency
and stamps.
• K) Offences against weights and
measures.
• L) Offences against public health,
safety, decency and morals.
32. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 32
Classification of offences(contd)
• M) Offences against religion.
• N) Offences against human
body.
• O) Offences against property.
• P) Offences against documents
and property marks.
33. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 33
Classification of offences(contd)
• Q) Offences relating to
marriage.
• R) Offences of defamation.
• S) Offence of intimidation,
insult and annoyance.
34. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 34
Among these,
the following offences
require special
consideration of the Cyber
police professional.
35. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 35
Offences requiring special
consideration
• A) Offences against State.
• B) Offences against armed
forces.
• C) Offences of pornography
and its publication.
36. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 36
Offences requiring special
consideration(contd)
• D) Offences against property
involving issues of
Intellectual Property
Infringement.
• E) Offences of criminal
mischief and annoyance.
37. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 37
In addition,
Cr.P.C, the procedural law
of the land also classifies
offences into various
categories. The first
schedule of Cr.P.C relating
to classification of
offences classifies them
into the following
categories.
38. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 38
A) COGNIZABLE & NON-
COGNIZABLE OFFENCES
In the case of a commission
of cognizable
offence,anyone can arrest
without a warrant.
As and when a cognizable
offence committed, in their
presence, even private
citizens can exercise the
power of arrest.
39. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 39
COGNIZABLE & NON-COGNIZABLE
OFFENCES(contd)
Cr.P.C does not make a
distinction between
policemen and civilians
for arrest relating to
Cognizable Offences.
40. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 40
COGNIZABLE & NON-COGNIZABLE
OFFENCES(contd)
In the case of a Non-
Cognizable offence, an
arrest can be made only
in pursuant of warrant
issued by a competent
court.
41. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 41
B) BAILABLE & NON-
BAILABLE OFFENCES
This relates to the right
of the accused during pre-
trial detention. In case of
a Non-Bailable Offence,
after arrest, the police
officers have no power to
grant bail themselves. Bail
for non-bailable offences
can be granted only by
Courts of Law.
42. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 42
C) COMPOUNDABLE, NON-COMPOUNDABLE
& COMPOUNDABLE WITH THE
PERMISSION OF THE
COURT:Compoundable means the
victims can pardon the offender
the consequences of the
offence.Non compoundable means
that the victims cannot pardon
the consequences of the offence.
43. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 43
The offences are also
further classified into
summary cases, warrant
cases and trial by Court of
Sessions. The first
schedule of Cr.P.C
clarifies these aspects.
44. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 44
As a thumb rule, we can presume
that,
• A) Any offence punishable
only with fine and/less
than two years of
imprisonment is a summary
offence.
45. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 45
• b) Any offence which is
punishable with an
imprisonment of more than 2
years will be tried as a
warrant case.
46. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 46
•c)Any offence punishable
with life/death punishment,
specified offences, special
offences would be tried by
Court of Sessions.
47. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 47
•Under our penal law,
only the Court of
Sessions is competent
to award death
penalty.
48. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 48
SUB DIVISIONAL
JUDICIAL MAGISTRATE
CHIEF JUDICIAL
MAGISTRTE
METRO POLITAN
MAGISTRATES
DISTRICT
& SESSIONS COURT
HIGHCOURT
SUPREME COURT
49. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 49
CYBER CRIMES
The advent of Cyber
crime has exploded
many of the prevailing
hypotheses in Criminal
Law.
50. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 50
Criminologists all over the
world have postulated
various hypotheses on the
general pattern of crimes
and criminals.
Many of these hypotheses,
with various degrees of
accuracy, can be summed up
as under:
51. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 51
a) The offender is
normally an illiterate
without skills, who depends
more on the body than the
brains, often wielding
weapons.
52. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 52
b) The criminal has a
motive for the crime and
often leaves a lot of
evidence which would make
crime detection possible
for a trained investigator.
53. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 53
c) As for the victims,
most are men, who
traditionally are the
persons controlling the
property or exercising
power.
55. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 55
e)In terms of damage,
damage to the victim is
localized and can easily be
quantified and compensated.
Cyber Crimes have proved
all the above hypotheses
wrong.
57. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 57
DPP V/S BIGNELL
In this case, a police
officer obtained access
to data held on the
police national computer
in order to identify the
owner of a motor vehicle.
58. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 58
DPP V/S BIGNELL(contd)
The information was sought
for the officer’s personal
interest and was not
connected with his duties
a police officer. The
conduct being discovered,
he was charged with an
offence under section 1 of
the Computer Misuse Act.
59. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 59
DPP V/S BIGNELL(contd)
Although it was not
contended that the use to
which the data was put
was unauthorized, the
Divisional Court accepted
submissions by counsel
for the respondent to the
effect that:
60. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 60
DPP V/S BIGNELL(contd)
……the primary purpose of
the Computer Misuse Act
was to protect the
integrity of Computer
systems rather than the
integrity of information
stored on the
computers………
61. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 61
DPP V/S BIGNELL(contd)
A person who causes a
computer to perform a
function to secure access
to information held at a
level to which the person
was entitled to gain
access does not commit an
offence under Section 1.
62. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 62
DPP V/S BIGNELL(contd)
...even if he intends to
secure for an unauthorised
purpose because it is only
where the level of
unauthorised access has
been knowingly and
intentionally exceeded that
an offence is committed,
provided the person knows
of that unauthorised level
of access.
64. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 64
R V/s Thompson
In this case, the
appellant was
presumably authorised
to access the
computer, but clearly
was not entitled to
act in the manner at
issue.
65. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 65
R V/s Thompson(contd)
Assuming that the courts
were to endorse the Law
Commission’s
interpretation of the
concept of unauthorised
access, such a person
would not be guilty of an
offence under Section 1
of the Act.
66. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 66
R V/s Thompson(contd)
Section 2, the ulterior
intent offence discussed
below, appears relevant
but this can only be
committed by a person who
has committed the basic
unauthorised access
offence.
67. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 67
R V/s Thompson(contd)
Although, as occurred in Thompson,
most instances of computer fraud
can be prosecuted under general
criminal provisions, the effect of
this situation might be to deny
much of the protection offered by
the Computer Misuse Act to
employers faced with authorized
but dishonest employees.
69. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 69
R V/s Governor of Brixton Prison,
ex p Levin
The application of the
ulterior intent offence was
at issue in this case. In
order for the United State’s
extradition request to be
met, it was necessary to
establish that the acts
committed by the defendant
would have constituted
criminal offences under
English Law.
70. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 70
R V/s Governor of Brixton Prison,
ex p Levin(contd)
There was no doubt that
Levin, in hacking into
the Citibank’s computer
system, had committed the
unauthorised access
offence. It may be
queried how useful a role
is played by ulterior
intent doctrine.
71. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 71
R V/s Governor of Brixton Prison,
ex p Levin(contd)
In Levin’s case, the
extradition request was
upheld upon a range of
grounds-including breach
of the unauthorised
modification offence
established by Section3
of the Computer Misuse
Act.
72. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 72
R V/s Governor of Brixton Prison,
ex p Levin(contd)
The finding that the
ulterior intent offence had
been committed was not
critical to the decision. A
more significant limitation
is created by the
requirement that the
unauthorized access offence
also be committed.
73. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 73
R V/s Governor of Brixton Prison,
ex p Levin(contd)
This excluded the
authorized but dishonest
user who, by all
accounts, is responsible
for most loss and damage
in this area.
74. 8/30/2022 Murali, NALSAR 74
Thank You for
a patient hearing.
R.Muralidharan,
10,19th Cross, Malleswaram,
Bangalore560 055