A Powerpoint on covered bridges or Dr. Frawley's Aesthetic Ed class.

1. Covered Bridges (The Waterford Covered Bridge) By: Molly Yovich, Shana Brown, Katie Felong

2. A Song About Covered Bridges While listening to the The Red Covered Bridge by Steve Ivey remember what we learned about blues songs previously and reflect on what you might already know about covered bridges or ideas that you might have based on the introduction-slide pictures. Think of questions about covered bridges. Have some questions? Good! Hopefully this PowerPoint will answer them!

4. Who had them first?

5. Who used the first covered bridge?

6. When were covered bridges first built?

7. Were they always red?

8. When were they most popular?

9. Why are they covered?

10. What are some of their many uses?

11. What purpose did they serve?

12. What materials are they made out of?

13. Were they the precursor to tunnels?

14. What are they used for today?

15. What is their structure like?

17. Molly’s Thoughts Before the Visit: I have lived in the area my whole life and have been to this bridge and many other covered bridges, but I have never gone to the bridge to look at it as a piece of art. I have always thought it was beautiful but never thought of it as art. This class has taught me to look at everyday objects and look at them like art so as I was heading to the bridge I was thinking of all the readings that we did and remembering all the memories at the bridge.

18. Shana’s Thoughts Before the Visit: I’ve never had the opportunity to see a covered bridge before and I think it’ll be a really interesting experience. I picture them to be something like the barriers on a miniature golf course, except with room for a vehicle to drive through. I’ve been told that most of them are old, so I don’t know how nice it will look. It probably looked better when it was new, but I still think it will be a really cool thing to see and think about in terms of this project.

19. Katie’s Thoughts Before the Visit: Right after Molly suggested that we do covered bridged, I Googled them. I immediately remembered several that I had seen in my life. I didn’t think too much more about it, until we visited the one in Waterford. I remembered them looking something like a barn over a road, which was over water. I didn’t have any idea of details. For some reason, once I saw the brige, it was nothing like (maybe because I was using an “aesthetic filter”) I remembered covered bridges looking like, but it was still gorgeous.

23. Preserved timber by soaking it in oil and resin to protect it

24. Learned that hardwoods were more durable than softwoods

26. It was in Schuylkill, Pennsylvania

27. It’s called the Permanent Bridge

28. Designed by Thomas Palmer

29. The next bridge built was done so by Lewis Wernwag, a German engineer

32. Strong environmental factors cause the bridges to fail sooner than they would without the factors.

33. A housed timber truss lasts longer than uncovered ones

35. Weddings

36. Political Rallies

37. Religious Meetings

38. Night’s sleep for tramps

39. Town Meetings

40. Sweetheart’s rendezvous

41. Fights

42. Dances

44. Nails

45. Other metal parts (bolts)

47. Many have been restored

48. Many are protected

50. Sights

51. Sounds

52. Smells

53. Touch

54. General Thoughts After The Visit: We all learned many different things but overall we came away thinking that we chose a great piece of art to look at and to study. We all enjoyed doing research to find out more about them and we enjoyed getting off campus to experience something new!

55. Activities Art: For an art activity, the children could build bridges out of different materials, such as popsicle sticks and red paint. This would teach about the materials that they used to make covered bridges. Music: For a music activity, we could listen to songs about bridges and discuss the meaning behind the songs and the different types of music. This would teach about culture and appreciation in music. Geography: For a geography activity, the children could do research and find out where all the covered bridges are and map them on a huge map. This would teach the children about different places on a map and where the majority of covered bridges are located.

56. Activities (Continued) Math: For a math activity, students could take the measurements of (or look at a chart of measurements of) a number of covered bridges and find the average length, height, width, etc. of covered bridges. Social Studies: For a social studies activity, students could research the history of a covered bridge in their area and create a poster or some other sort of presentation tool that includes when the bridge was built and whether it was ever used for any specific activity in the past. Science: For a field trip the class could visit a covered bridge and study the ecosystem around it. The students could study the water and the animals that live around the bridge.

57. Activities (Continued) Stretch Break: Using prior learning the teacher can ask the students if they remember the song London Bridge. The class can briefly go over the song before changing “London Bridge” to “Covered Bridge”, then the students can play the London Bridge Game. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJ637HpzUFU

58. Lines of Inquiry -Pedagogical Consider how the covered bridge may have changed over time as weathering and time took its toll. How has it developed into what it is today. -Aesthetic Consider how other art forms can be used in connection with covered bridges in order to improve the aesthetics of both.

59. Cites Nelson, Lee H. (1976). A Century of Oregon Covered Bridges 1851-1952. Portland, OR: Oregon Historical Society. http://www.fredbecker.org/News%20Letter/HistoryCoveredBr.htm http://www.travelbygps.com/special/covered/covered_bridge.JPG http://faculty.lebow.drexel.edu/mccainr/top/bridge/schuylkill.html