Ants are social insects that live in colonies with specialized roles. They have a narrow waist and elbowed antennae. Most ants have one node at the petiole, while some have two nodes. Common one-node ants include carpenter, Argentine, odorous house, velvety tree, white-footed, ghost, and cornfield ants. Common two-node ants include pavement, pharaoh, red imported fire, southern fire, thief, and bigheaded ants. Effective ant control requires locating the nest or foraging trails and using baits, dusts, or residual sprays targeting the colony. Control of carpenter ants and pharaoh ants especially requires finding and treating nests or focusing on
ANTS One & Two Node 1 Hr Br 2 Tech.doc.pptxPestCEUs
This document provides information about common ant species found in structures and outdoors. It describes key identifying features of 14 ant species including carpenter ants, Argentine ants, odorous house ants, cornfield ants, velvety tree ants, pavement ants, pharaoh ants, thief ants, red imported fire ants, southern fire ants, and general control strategies. Specifically for carpenter ant, pharaoh ant and odorous house ant control, it outlines methods for locating nests, using baits and sanitation to control colonies, and preventing further infestations.
This document provides information on identifying one node and two node ants, including their biology and control methods. It discusses several common ant species, describing their physical characteristics such as size, color, number of nodes, and nesting locations. For each species, it provides details on their feeding behaviors and potential issues they can cause when foraging indoors.
The document provides information on identifying and controlling various ant species. It discusses the biology of ants in general and describes several specific one-node and two-node ant species. For control methods, it recommends sanitation, using baits formulated for different ant food preferences, and residual sprays around foundations. It also notes that carpenter ants require finding and treating the nest directly, as they do not readily accept baits and may migrate nest sites.
This document discusses ants that are common household pests in California. It describes several species, including the Argentine ant, Pharaoh ant, odorous house ant, and red imported fire ant. Ants can damage structures by nesting in wood and cause other issues by tending honeydew-producing insects like aphids. Effective ant management requires a combination of exclusion, sanitation, and baiting to control food and nesting sources both indoors and outdoors.
The document discusses different types of ants. It describes the basic ant anatomy including their three body parts - head, thorax, and abdomen. It then discusses three main types of ants - queens, workers, and males. Queens lay eggs while workers perform all other tasks. The document also describes common ant species found in homes and yards, such as field ants, pavement ants, carpenter ants, and odorous house ants. It explains how ants communicate using antennae and pheromones and provides an overview of the ant lifecycle from egg to adult.
This document provides information about insects and their relatives. It discusses the characteristics of arthropods and the distinguishing features of insects, crustaceans, arachnids, diplopods, and chilopods. The document then describes the life cycles of insects, including egg, nymph/larva, pupa, and adult stages. It explains the differences between simple and complete metamorphosis. Specific details are given about ants, their social structure and development, as well as descriptions of common ant species like carpenter ants. The document concludes with general guidelines for ant control and specialized tips for carpenter ant control.
This document provides information on insects and their relatives, including characteristics of arthropods and different classes within that group. It then discusses insect growth and development, including the differences between simple and complete metamorphosis. Specific information is given on ants, including common household pest ants like carpenter ants and pharaoh ants. General ant and pest control methods are outlined. Common household pest insects like cockroaches are described, including the german and brown-banded cockroach.
Course INSECTS AND INSECT Relatives.docx.pptxPestCEUs
This document provides information about insects and common household pests. It describes the characteristics of insects and other arthropods like crustaceans and arachnids. It then discusses insect growth and development, including the differences between simple and complete metamorphosis. Specific information is given about ants, including common indoor ant species. The document concludes with descriptions of two common cockroach pests - the German cockroach and brown-banded cockroach - covering their identifying features, life cycles, and habitats.
ANTS One & Two Node 1 Hr Br 2 Tech.doc.pptxPestCEUs
This document provides information about common ant species found in structures and outdoors. It describes key identifying features of 14 ant species including carpenter ants, Argentine ants, odorous house ants, cornfield ants, velvety tree ants, pavement ants, pharaoh ants, thief ants, red imported fire ants, southern fire ants, and general control strategies. Specifically for carpenter ant, pharaoh ant and odorous house ant control, it outlines methods for locating nests, using baits and sanitation to control colonies, and preventing further infestations.
This document provides information on identifying one node and two node ants, including their biology and control methods. It discusses several common ant species, describing their physical characteristics such as size, color, number of nodes, and nesting locations. For each species, it provides details on their feeding behaviors and potential issues they can cause when foraging indoors.
The document provides information on identifying and controlling various ant species. It discusses the biology of ants in general and describes several specific one-node and two-node ant species. For control methods, it recommends sanitation, using baits formulated for different ant food preferences, and residual sprays around foundations. It also notes that carpenter ants require finding and treating the nest directly, as they do not readily accept baits and may migrate nest sites.
This document discusses ants that are common household pests in California. It describes several species, including the Argentine ant, Pharaoh ant, odorous house ant, and red imported fire ant. Ants can damage structures by nesting in wood and cause other issues by tending honeydew-producing insects like aphids. Effective ant management requires a combination of exclusion, sanitation, and baiting to control food and nesting sources both indoors and outdoors.
The document discusses different types of ants. It describes the basic ant anatomy including their three body parts - head, thorax, and abdomen. It then discusses three main types of ants - queens, workers, and males. Queens lay eggs while workers perform all other tasks. The document also describes common ant species found in homes and yards, such as field ants, pavement ants, carpenter ants, and odorous house ants. It explains how ants communicate using antennae and pheromones and provides an overview of the ant lifecycle from egg to adult.
This document provides information about insects and their relatives. It discusses the characteristics of arthropods and the distinguishing features of insects, crustaceans, arachnids, diplopods, and chilopods. The document then describes the life cycles of insects, including egg, nymph/larva, pupa, and adult stages. It explains the differences between simple and complete metamorphosis. Specific details are given about ants, their social structure and development, as well as descriptions of common ant species like carpenter ants. The document concludes with general guidelines for ant control and specialized tips for carpenter ant control.
This document provides information on insects and their relatives, including characteristics of arthropods and different classes within that group. It then discusses insect growth and development, including the differences between simple and complete metamorphosis. Specific information is given on ants, including common household pest ants like carpenter ants and pharaoh ants. General ant and pest control methods are outlined. Common household pest insects like cockroaches are described, including the german and brown-banded cockroach.
Course INSECTS AND INSECT Relatives.docx.pptxPestCEUs
This document provides information about insects and common household pests. It describes the characteristics of insects and other arthropods like crustaceans and arachnids. It then discusses insect growth and development, including the differences between simple and complete metamorphosis. Specific information is given about ants, including common indoor ant species. The document concludes with descriptions of two common cockroach pests - the German cockroach and brown-banded cockroach - covering their identifying features, life cycles, and habitats.
Course INSECTS and their Relatives (1).pptxNanetteLaunius
This document provides information about common household pests, including cockroaches. It describes the key characteristics of cockroaches, such as their segmented bodies, molting lifecycles, and nocturnal habits. Two common household cockroach species are discussed in detail: the German cockroach and the brown-banded cockroach. The German cockroach carries its egg case until hatching and prefers warm, moist areas near food, while the brown-banded cockroach glues its egg case to surfaces and is the smallest common household cockroach. Cockroaches can spread diseases and allergens if not properly controlled.
This document provides information about common household pests, including cockroaches. It describes the key characteristics of cockroaches, such as their segmented bodies, molting lifecycles, and nocturnal habits. Two common household cockroach species are discussed in detail: the German cockroach and the brown-banded cockroach. The German cockroach carries its egg case until hatching and prefers warm, moist areas near food. The brown-banded cockroach glues its egg case to surfaces and is the smallest common household cockroach.
1. The document covers various insects and arthropods, including their distinguishing characteristics, growth and metamorphosis. It focuses on ants, cockroaches, and their identification and control.
2. Common household pest insects like ants and cockroaches are discussed in more detail, outlining their life cycles and highlighting effective control methods like baits and sanitation.
3. Carpenter ants and pharaoh ants require specialized treatment, including locating and treating nests directly and using baits, as residual sprays are often not effective at controlling the entire colony.
This document provides information about insects and their relatives. It discusses the different types of metamorphosis insects undergo (simple and complete), and covers specific types of insects like ants and cockroaches. For ant control, it emphasizes sanitation and locating nests. For carpenter ants, it describes finding and treating nests within wood. Pharaoh ant control requires using baits to get ants to return to multiple locations within structures.
This document discusses insects and their relatives, including different types of metamorphosis in insects. It focuses on ants, describing several common ant species like carpenter ants, harvester ants, and pharaoh ants. It provides details on their identification, habitats, and control methods. General approaches to ant control include sanitation, perimeter treatments, and locating and treating nests.
Ants are eusocial insects of the family
Formicidae and, along with the related
wasps and bees, belong to the order
Hymenoptera. Ants appear in the
fossil record across the globe in
considerable diversity during the
latest Early Cretaceous and Late
Cretaceous, suggesting an earlier
origin.
The document discusses the identification of different types of termites, including their physical characteristics and anatomy. It describes in detail the key distinguishing features of four main types: subterranean, drywood, dampwood, and flying reproductive ("alate") termites. Subterranean termites live underground and have shelter tubes connecting their nest to wood structures, while drywood and dampwood termites nest entirely above ground. The document provides information on identifying each type based on the appearance of their wings, soldiers, and fecal pellets.
This document discusses different species of cockroaches that can become pests, including the German cockroach. It provides information on identifying features and preferred locations of indoor and outdoor cockroach species. Cockroaches can transmit diseases and allergens and contaminate food. The document outlines an integrated pest management approach including sanitation, monitoring with traps, using baits, and eliminating cockroach hiding places and food/water sources.
This document discusses the identification of four types of structure-infesting termites: subterranean, drywood, dampwood, and others. It describes the key physical characteristics that distinguish each type, including differences in wing veins, antennae, body size and color, feeding patterns, nest structures, and moisture requirements. Correct identification requires examining soldiers, swarmers, wings, tunnels, tubes, fecal pellets, and damage patterns in wood. The document provides details on the anatomy, behaviors, habitats, and life cycles of each termite type.
Ants are social insects that live in colonies and have evolved over 100 million years. There are over 12,000 known ant species worldwide. Ant colonies consist of a queen, workers, sometimes soldiers, and males. The queen lays eggs while workers feed and care for larvae. Ants go through life stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult. They have an exoskeleton, antennae, and jaws. Leafcutter ants cultivate fungus by cutting leaves and growing fungus gardens underground.
White-footed ants feed on plant nectar and honeydew and reproduce through budding, forming large colonies of up to 3 million ants nested in trees, bushes, and structures. Crazy ants form populous colonies with many queens and workers that occur in temporary, mobile nests. Ghost ants occupy multiple nest sites connected by odor trails and will move nests when disturbed. Pavement ants form large colonies through nuptial flights and egg/larval development takes 6-9 weeks. Big-headed ants form massive, interconnected supercolonies through budding and multiple queens. Carpenter ants develop through complete metamorphosis and found satellite nests near mature colonies.
Mites are small arthropods that are important agricultural pests. They can damage crops like canola, cereals, and legumes. Some major mite pests include redlegged earth mites, blue oat mites, Bryobia mites, and Balaustium mites. These mites feed on plants and cause symptoms like leaf discoloration, distortion, and shriveling. They can reduce crop yields if populations are large. Management involves controlling weeds, grazing pastures, and applying pesticides in a targeted way.
The document provides information on the body structure, life cycle, habitat, diet, predators, and size of the Emperor Scorpion. It has an 8-legged body with pedipalps and a metasoma divided into 5 segments. Females give live birth to 10-12 young after multiple molting stages as juveniles. Emperor Scorpions live in parts of Africa including countries like Nigeria and Cameroon. They eat insects and small animals, getting prey using their stinger and pedipalps. Their predators include bats, birds, and other scorpions due to their poor eyesight. Adult Emperor Scorpions are on average 7.9 inches in length.
Class TERMITE I.D. Subterranean, Drywood & Dampwood CaliforniaPestCEUs
The document discusses identifying characteristics of different types of termites:
1. Subterranean termites are identified by their wings with two veins at the upper margin. They nest in soil and require moist environments, constructing tubes between wood structures and soil.
2. Drywood termites live entirely above ground, infesting dry wood. Their wings have three or more veins at the upper margin. They expel fecal pellets through surface openings.
3. Dampwood termites are large with wings having four dark veins. They infest damp wood in contact with soil, making chambers connected by smooth-walled tunnels and using fecal pellets to maintain humidity. Soldier
This document provides an overview of common beneficial arthropods for Southeast USA agriculture, including ladybugs, predatory beetles, parasitic wasps, flies, and predatory bugs. It describes 14 types of beneficial insects and provides 1-3 sentences on key identifying characteristics and behaviors of each, emphasizing their role in controlling agricultural pests and ways to encourage their populations through farmscaping and other techniques.
The document provides information on identifying different types of termites, including their physical characteristics and anatomy. It discusses four main types: subterranean, drywood, and dampwood termites. The primary differences between the types of termites are seen in the wings of flying reproductive termites (alates) and the appearance of soldiers. The document describes the distinguishing features of each type's alates and soldiers, such as wing vein patterns, head shapes, and mandible features, to enable identification.
1. The document discusses various rodent, mite, and bird pests and their management. It describes several common rodent species like house mouse, house rat, field mouse and brown rat.
2. It also discusses different mite species like spider mites, broad mites, rust mites and their damage symptoms. Predatory and parasitic mite species are also mentioned.
3. Common bird pests like crows, parrots and house sparrows that damage crops are described. The document provides details on the morphology, life stages, economic importance and classification of these vertebrate and invertebrate pests.
Wood-boring insects can be grouped based on the type of wood they damage: standing trees, sawn timber, or wood in use. They also differ in whether they prefer hardwoods or softwoods, or heartwood versus sapwood. Three factors are necessary for insect attack: a source of infestation, susceptible wood, and suitable temperature and humidity conditions. Signs of damage include tunnels, cavities containing wood powder or pellets, and holes on wood surfaces. Proper handling of lumber can help prevent insect attacks.
1) Wood-boring insects can be grouped based on the type of wood they damage: standing trees, sawn timber, or wood in use. They may also be grouped by the type of wood (hardwood or softwood) or part of the wood (heartwood or sapwood) they attack.
2) Three things are necessary for insect attack: a source of infestation, susceptible wood, and suitable temperature and humidity conditions. Certain woods are more attractive to insects, and fungal decay can increase or decrease susceptibility.
3) Signs of damage include tunnels, cavities containing wood powder or pellets, and holes on the surface where adults have emerged or are working inside. Severe
This document outlines regulations for owners and employees regarding structural pest control in California. It discusses enforcement of regulations prohibiting false or misleading advertising related to structural pest control services. Specifically, it is unlawful to make unfair, deceptive, untrue or misleading statements about structural pest control products, services, or their potential health or environmental impacts. Violating entities may face license revocation, suspension or probation.
This document outlines regulations and standards for licensees of structural pest control in California. It discusses unfair, deceptive, or misleading advertising related to structural pest control services. It provides examples of statements or claims that would violate these standards, such as misrepresenting the effectiveness or environmental benefits of pest control methods. The document also lists factors that should be considered in determining disciplinary actions for licensees, such as the severity of the violation, harm caused, intent, compliance with previous sanctions, and evidence of rehabilitation. It concludes by listing standard terms of probation that are included in disciplinary cases.
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Course INSECTS and their Relatives (1).pptxNanetteLaunius
This document provides information about common household pests, including cockroaches. It describes the key characteristics of cockroaches, such as their segmented bodies, molting lifecycles, and nocturnal habits. Two common household cockroach species are discussed in detail: the German cockroach and the brown-banded cockroach. The German cockroach carries its egg case until hatching and prefers warm, moist areas near food, while the brown-banded cockroach glues its egg case to surfaces and is the smallest common household cockroach. Cockroaches can spread diseases and allergens if not properly controlled.
This document provides information about common household pests, including cockroaches. It describes the key characteristics of cockroaches, such as their segmented bodies, molting lifecycles, and nocturnal habits. Two common household cockroach species are discussed in detail: the German cockroach and the brown-banded cockroach. The German cockroach carries its egg case until hatching and prefers warm, moist areas near food. The brown-banded cockroach glues its egg case to surfaces and is the smallest common household cockroach.
1. The document covers various insects and arthropods, including their distinguishing characteristics, growth and metamorphosis. It focuses on ants, cockroaches, and their identification and control.
2. Common household pest insects like ants and cockroaches are discussed in more detail, outlining their life cycles and highlighting effective control methods like baits and sanitation.
3. Carpenter ants and pharaoh ants require specialized treatment, including locating and treating nests directly and using baits, as residual sprays are often not effective at controlling the entire colony.
This document provides information about insects and their relatives. It discusses the different types of metamorphosis insects undergo (simple and complete), and covers specific types of insects like ants and cockroaches. For ant control, it emphasizes sanitation and locating nests. For carpenter ants, it describes finding and treating nests within wood. Pharaoh ant control requires using baits to get ants to return to multiple locations within structures.
This document discusses insects and their relatives, including different types of metamorphosis in insects. It focuses on ants, describing several common ant species like carpenter ants, harvester ants, and pharaoh ants. It provides details on their identification, habitats, and control methods. General approaches to ant control include sanitation, perimeter treatments, and locating and treating nests.
Ants are eusocial insects of the family
Formicidae and, along with the related
wasps and bees, belong to the order
Hymenoptera. Ants appear in the
fossil record across the globe in
considerable diversity during the
latest Early Cretaceous and Late
Cretaceous, suggesting an earlier
origin.
The document discusses the identification of different types of termites, including their physical characteristics and anatomy. It describes in detail the key distinguishing features of four main types: subterranean, drywood, dampwood, and flying reproductive ("alate") termites. Subterranean termites live underground and have shelter tubes connecting their nest to wood structures, while drywood and dampwood termites nest entirely above ground. The document provides information on identifying each type based on the appearance of their wings, soldiers, and fecal pellets.
This document discusses different species of cockroaches that can become pests, including the German cockroach. It provides information on identifying features and preferred locations of indoor and outdoor cockroach species. Cockroaches can transmit diseases and allergens and contaminate food. The document outlines an integrated pest management approach including sanitation, monitoring with traps, using baits, and eliminating cockroach hiding places and food/water sources.
This document discusses the identification of four types of structure-infesting termites: subterranean, drywood, dampwood, and others. It describes the key physical characteristics that distinguish each type, including differences in wing veins, antennae, body size and color, feeding patterns, nest structures, and moisture requirements. Correct identification requires examining soldiers, swarmers, wings, tunnels, tubes, fecal pellets, and damage patterns in wood. The document provides details on the anatomy, behaviors, habitats, and life cycles of each termite type.
Ants are social insects that live in colonies and have evolved over 100 million years. There are over 12,000 known ant species worldwide. Ant colonies consist of a queen, workers, sometimes soldiers, and males. The queen lays eggs while workers feed and care for larvae. Ants go through life stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult. They have an exoskeleton, antennae, and jaws. Leafcutter ants cultivate fungus by cutting leaves and growing fungus gardens underground.
White-footed ants feed on plant nectar and honeydew and reproduce through budding, forming large colonies of up to 3 million ants nested in trees, bushes, and structures. Crazy ants form populous colonies with many queens and workers that occur in temporary, mobile nests. Ghost ants occupy multiple nest sites connected by odor trails and will move nests when disturbed. Pavement ants form large colonies through nuptial flights and egg/larval development takes 6-9 weeks. Big-headed ants form massive, interconnected supercolonies through budding and multiple queens. Carpenter ants develop through complete metamorphosis and found satellite nests near mature colonies.
Mites are small arthropods that are important agricultural pests. They can damage crops like canola, cereals, and legumes. Some major mite pests include redlegged earth mites, blue oat mites, Bryobia mites, and Balaustium mites. These mites feed on plants and cause symptoms like leaf discoloration, distortion, and shriveling. They can reduce crop yields if populations are large. Management involves controlling weeds, grazing pastures, and applying pesticides in a targeted way.
The document provides information on the body structure, life cycle, habitat, diet, predators, and size of the Emperor Scorpion. It has an 8-legged body with pedipalps and a metasoma divided into 5 segments. Females give live birth to 10-12 young after multiple molting stages as juveniles. Emperor Scorpions live in parts of Africa including countries like Nigeria and Cameroon. They eat insects and small animals, getting prey using their stinger and pedipalps. Their predators include bats, birds, and other scorpions due to their poor eyesight. Adult Emperor Scorpions are on average 7.9 inches in length.
Class TERMITE I.D. Subterranean, Drywood & Dampwood CaliforniaPestCEUs
The document discusses identifying characteristics of different types of termites:
1. Subterranean termites are identified by their wings with two veins at the upper margin. They nest in soil and require moist environments, constructing tubes between wood structures and soil.
2. Drywood termites live entirely above ground, infesting dry wood. Their wings have three or more veins at the upper margin. They expel fecal pellets through surface openings.
3. Dampwood termites are large with wings having four dark veins. They infest damp wood in contact with soil, making chambers connected by smooth-walled tunnels and using fecal pellets to maintain humidity. Soldier
This document provides an overview of common beneficial arthropods for Southeast USA agriculture, including ladybugs, predatory beetles, parasitic wasps, flies, and predatory bugs. It describes 14 types of beneficial insects and provides 1-3 sentences on key identifying characteristics and behaviors of each, emphasizing their role in controlling agricultural pests and ways to encourage their populations through farmscaping and other techniques.
The document provides information on identifying different types of termites, including their physical characteristics and anatomy. It discusses four main types: subterranean, drywood, and dampwood termites. The primary differences between the types of termites are seen in the wings of flying reproductive termites (alates) and the appearance of soldiers. The document describes the distinguishing features of each type's alates and soldiers, such as wing vein patterns, head shapes, and mandible features, to enable identification.
1. The document discusses various rodent, mite, and bird pests and their management. It describes several common rodent species like house mouse, house rat, field mouse and brown rat.
2. It also discusses different mite species like spider mites, broad mites, rust mites and their damage symptoms. Predatory and parasitic mite species are also mentioned.
3. Common bird pests like crows, parrots and house sparrows that damage crops are described. The document provides details on the morphology, life stages, economic importance and classification of these vertebrate and invertebrate pests.
Wood-boring insects can be grouped based on the type of wood they damage: standing trees, sawn timber, or wood in use. They also differ in whether they prefer hardwoods or softwoods, or heartwood versus sapwood. Three factors are necessary for insect attack: a source of infestation, susceptible wood, and suitable temperature and humidity conditions. Signs of damage include tunnels, cavities containing wood powder or pellets, and holes on wood surfaces. Proper handling of lumber can help prevent insect attacks.
1) Wood-boring insects can be grouped based on the type of wood they damage: standing trees, sawn timber, or wood in use. They may also be grouped by the type of wood (hardwood or softwood) or part of the wood (heartwood or sapwood) they attack.
2) Three things are necessary for insect attack: a source of infestation, susceptible wood, and suitable temperature and humidity conditions. Certain woods are more attractive to insects, and fungal decay can increase or decrease susceptibility.
3) Signs of damage include tunnels, cavities containing wood powder or pellets, and holes on the surface where adults have emerged or are working inside. Severe
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This document outlines regulations for owners and employees regarding structural pest control in California. It discusses enforcement of regulations prohibiting false or misleading advertising related to structural pest control services. Specifically, it is unlawful to make unfair, deceptive, untrue or misleading statements about structural pest control products, services, or their potential health or environmental impacts. Violating entities may face license revocation, suspension or probation.
This document outlines regulations and standards for licensees of structural pest control in California. It discusses unfair, deceptive, or misleading advertising related to structural pest control services. It provides examples of statements or claims that would violate these standards, such as misrepresenting the effectiveness or environmental benefits of pest control methods. The document also lists factors that should be considered in determining disciplinary actions for licensees, such as the severity of the violation, harm caused, intent, compliance with previous sanctions, and evidence of rehabilitation. It concludes by listing standard terms of probation that are included in disciplinary cases.
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Some key points:
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The document discusses personal protective equipment including respirators, gloves, boots, coveralls, hats, and goggles that should be worn when handling pesticides. It provides details on the types of equipment required for different situations according to the pesticide label. Guidelines are given for proper use, maintenance, storage, and replacement of respiratory protective devices and other personal protective equipment.
PART 2 For Your Safety Protection And Knowledge.pptxPestCEUs1
This document discusses factors that influence pesticide movement in the environment and drift. It defines particle drift as the movement of spray droplets carried by wind, and vapor drift as the movement of pesticide vapors. Key factors that contribute to drift include droplet size, wind velocity and direction, and humidity/temperature. Small droplets are most likely to drift, while larger droplets settle faster. Higher winds increase drift risk. The document also discusses pesticide adsorption to soil, absorption by plants and microorganisms, and runoff into water sources. Protecting water sources and pollinators is important to minimize environmental damage from pesticides.
PART 1 For Your Safety Protection & Knowledge.pptxPestCEUs1
This document discusses personal protective equipment (PPE) for safely handling pesticides. It describes the types of protective clothing, including coveralls, aprons, gloves, hats, boots and goggles that should be worn depending on the pesticide and task. Respiratory protection is also addressed, noting requirements for respirator programs. Common types of respirators including dust/mist and chemical cartridge respirators are outlined. The overarching message is that reading the pesticide label is critical for determining the proper PPE and following all safety instructions.
The document discusses various types of ants, their behaviors, and strategies for control. It describes species like Argentine, odorous house, carpenter, and pharaoh ants and how their nesting behaviors impact control approaches. Repellent pesticides are generally not recommended as they can cause ants to spread or relocate. Integrated pest management techniques include adjusting lawn watering, sealing entry points, and applying non-repellent baits and liquids in and around structures. Proper identification of ant species is important for selecting effective control methods.
The document discusses various types of ants and their control. It provides details on species like Argentine ants, odorous house ants, carpenter ants, and fire ants. It emphasizes using integrated pest management and non-repellent pesticides for control. Overwatering or underwatering lawns can push ants inside, so proper watering is important. The document also highlights targeting the ants' food and water sources, as well as adjusting treatments based on the seasons and ants' behaviors.
Boron, in the form of borates, is a naturally occurring element that is effective against wood destroying pests like termites and fungi. Borates penetrate deep into wood, providing protection even at low moisture levels. For humans, borates have a high margin of safety due to low absorption and rapid excretion from the body. When used to treat wood, borates control pests through contact or ingestion while allowing safe use near people and in the environment.
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L'indice de performance des ports à conteneurs de l'année 2023SPATPortToamasina
Une évaluation comparable de la performance basée sur le temps d'escale des navires
L'objectif de l'ICPP est d'identifier les domaines d'amélioration qui peuvent en fin de compte bénéficier à toutes les parties concernées, des compagnies maritimes aux gouvernements nationaux en passant par les consommateurs. Il est conçu pour servir de point de référence aux principaux acteurs de l'économie mondiale, notamment les autorités et les opérateurs portuaires, les gouvernements nationaux, les organisations supranationales, les agences de développement, les divers intérêts maritimes et d'autres acteurs publics et privés du commerce, de la logistique et des services de la chaîne d'approvisionnement.
Le développement de l'ICPP repose sur le temps total passé par les porte-conteneurs dans les ports, de la manière expliquée dans les sections suivantes du rapport, et comme dans les itérations précédentes de l'ICPP. Cette quatrième itération utilise des données pour l'année civile complète 2023. Elle poursuit le changement introduit l'année dernière en n'incluant que les ports qui ont eu un minimum de 24 escales valides au cours de la période de 12 mois de l'étude. Le nombre de ports inclus dans l'ICPP 2023 est de 405.
Comme dans les éditions précédentes de l'ICPP, la production du classement fait appel à deux approches méthodologiques différentes : une approche administrative, ou technique, une méthodologie pragmatique reflétant les connaissances et le jugement des experts ; et une approche statistique, utilisant l'analyse factorielle (AF), ou plus précisément la factorisation matricielle. L'utilisation de ces deux approches vise à garantir que le classement des performances des ports à conteneurs reflète le plus fidèlement possible les performances réelles des ports, tout en étant statistiquement robuste.
The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Signmy Pandit
Explore the steadfast and reliable nature of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights that define the determined and practical Taurus, and learn how their grounded nature makes them the anchor of the zodiac.
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Tired of chasing down expiring contracts and drowning in paperwork? Mastering contract management can significantly enhance your business efficiency and productivity. This guide unveils expert secrets to streamline your contract management process. Learn how to save time, minimize risk, and achieve effortless contract management.
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1. ANTS : One Node & Two Node
Ants are social insects that produce a colony made of various specialized types of individual ants. Most ants are known as
workers; they are wingless, do most of the food foraging and rearing of young, and defend the colony. Eggs are produced
by the large queens, which have wings until after they have mated. Smaller winged ants found in colonies are the males.
Ants are characterized by having a very narrow, pinched "waist" and antennae that are bent, or elbowed. Ants have a
node at the petiole. In identifying ants the first step is to determine if they have one node or two.
One node ants include: Argentine; Carpenter; Odorous house; Velvety tree; White-Footed; Ghost; Cornfield
Two node ants include: Pavement; Pharaoh; Red imported fire; Southern fire; Thief; Bigheaded Ants are sometimes
confused with termites, especially when swarms are produced. However, termites have a broad waist and beaded
antennae while ants have a pinched waist and elbowed antennae. Development of ants involves complete
metamorphosis. Eggs are extremely small. The developing larvae are fed by the worker ants and pass through several
molts before pupation. The pupae don’t feed and are immobile, soft and white. Ant nests usually are produced under
ground, and colonies can contain tens of thousands of workers.
The large carpenter ants build nests in wood, usually wood that is partially decayed. Carpenter ants can cause structural
damage Ants feed on a wide variety of different foods. Sugary materials are preferred by some species; others mostly
feed on fatty or protein-rich foods. Some ants are important predators of insect pests. However, problems with ants often
occur when they forage for food indoors during the warmer months. In addition house-infesting species, such as the
pharaoh ant, can mechanically move disease organisms around. Following are descriptions of some common species of
ants.
ONE NODE ANTS
Carpenter Ants(Camponotus sp.)
Carpenter ants are the largest ant, workers are polymorphic 1/4 to 1/2 inch with one
node. Often they are black or dark brown, although some eastern plains species
are lighter in color. They have a globular anus, which separates them from several
other species of ant, and under a microscope a ring of yellow hairs can be noted at
the end of their abdomen. The most distinctive habit of carpenter ants is their
nesting in wood. These ants excavate galleries and pile coarse sawdust at the nest
openings. Unlike termites, carpenter ants don’t eat wood; instead, they scavenge on
dead insects, insect honeydew, and other materials. Carpenter ants almost
always nest in wood that is soft because of water and decay damage. Nests originating from damaged wood can extend
into sound wood, causing structural damage. Carpenter ants will make voids in solid
styro-foam type insulation and use the cavity as a nest. Carpenter ants don’t sting,
but they can produce a mildly painful pinch from their jaws.
Argentine Ants (Linepithema humile)
Argentine ants are approximately 1/8 inch, dull brown and one node. Argentine ants
commonly nest outdoors and build shallow mounds but will infest structures when
foraging for food. Argentine ants differ from most other ant species in that their nests
are often shallow, extending just below the soil surface. Under dry conditions they
will nest deeper in the soil and also during periods of heavy rain mov deeper in the
soil or locate above ground. When located above ground they can be found inside homes under cabinets, in wall voids
and attics. In addition, Argentine ant colonies aren’t separate as most ant species but linked between each other to form
one large colony with multiple queens. Colony size is not uncommon to reach into the millions.
When you find numerous ants on plants, they are probably attracted to ripening fruit or the sweet honeydew deposited on
the plants by certain sucking insects such as aphids or soft scales.
Odorous House Ants (Tapinoma sessile)
Odorous house ants are 1/8 inch, dark brown to shiny black, one node hidden by
the abdomen,12 segmented antenna with no club and have a very strong pungent
coconut odor when crushed. Odorous house ants nest in the soil in mounds or in
wall voids indoors and around water pipes, moisture sources and heating lines.
Typically they feed on sweets and sometimes protein and favor aphid and scale
honeydew.
2. Cornfield Ants(Lasius sp.)
Workers are about 1/10-1/8 inch, light to dark brown, one node. Nests of the cornfield ants
occur in fields and around homes. Cornfield ants feed on dead insects and sweets,
including honeydew that is secreted by aphids. Typically, nesting sites in yards include
brick or stone walls, cracks in the pavement, beneath rocks, and sometimes in openings
around foundations. They don’t nest in the house, but they often forage inside in search of
sweet materials.
Velvety Tree Ant (Liometopum occidentale)
Velvety tree ant workers vary in size from 1/8-1/4 inch, brownish-black head, red thorax, velvety black abdomen, one
node and a distinct odor when crushed. Their bodies have an obvious change in color between the abdomen and thorax
with the pedicel usually an orange color. The abdomen itself has small hairs on top that resemble velvet which is why it
has the name that it does. The abdomen therefore has a velvety appearance.
They can be found in dead tree limbs, knot holes, stumps and logs. They feed primarily on sweets and insects.
TWO NODE ANTS
Pavement Ant(Tetramorium caespitum)
Pavement ants average 3/16 of an inch, dark brown to black, pale legs and antennae,
two nodes and antennae are 12 segmented with a 3 segmented club. The pavement
ant can be one of the most frequent nuisance-ants in areas of the state where they
have become established. As the name might suggest, pavement ants commonly nest
under pavement slabs, especially next to lawn areas. Rocks and areas under slab-
construction homes also have been commonly used as nest sites. Foraging in the
home most commonly occurs during summer, but nests adjacent to homes can allow
foraging to occur year-round. Pavement ants feed on sweets, proteins and grease. Ants can often be found feeding on dry
pet food both indoors and out. Inside the structure they easily move along plumbing and electrical lines.
Pharaoh Ant (Monomorium pharaonis)
Pharaoh ants are 1/16 inch, yellowish to an orange hue, and have two nodes, antennae
are 12-segmented with a 3 segmented club. One of the most persistently annoying and
hard-to-control ants in homes is the pharaoh ant. These colonies can be upwards of
300,000 workers with multiple queens. Unlike most other ants, pharaoh ants have adapted
well to nesting indoors, and colonies may spread throughout a building. Nests can be
found in almost any interior void including window jambs, door jambs, baseboards, cavities
above and below cabinets even behind refrigerator and freezer insulation. In addition,
pharaoh-ant colonies readily split into smaller colonies called budding, when disturbed.
Pharaoh ants have a wide range of foods that include jellies, grease, cake, pet food and living or dead insects.
Thief Ant (Solenopsis molesta)
Thief ants are 1/32 inch, yellow to light brown and two nodes. The thief ant is one of the
smallest ants found within a building, similar in size to the pharaoh ant. However, its
habits differ considerably from many other ants, since it primarily develops in association
with colonies of other ant species. Because of their small size, thief ants can move
around in small tunnels of other ant colonies and may move about and kill other immature
ants. Within homes, thief ants forage on greasy or fatty foods and sometimes sweets.
Nests can occur in a wide variety of locations, but they are almost always located
outdoors.
Red Imported Fire Ant (Solenopsis invicta)
Red imported fire and workers are polymorphic (different sizes) average 1/16-1/5 inch, are
reddish with a darker brown abdomen, two nodes and 10 segmented antennae with 2
segmented club.
They nest in mounds with multiple openings in soil or lawns generally in sunny exposures
near a water source, and sometimes in buildings behind wall voids and structural cavities. They can be extremely
aggressive if disturbed and can inflict a painful sting. Red imported fire ants feed on sweets, proteins and honeydew.
3. Southern Fire Ant (Solenopsis xyloni)
Workers are polymorphic (different sizes) vary between 1/8 -1/4 inch, amber
colored head and thorax , black abdomen, two nodes, 10 segmented antennae
with 2 segmented club and golden hairs cover the body. Food preferences are
proteins and sweets. Nests are built in small mounds in irregular craters formed in
loose soil or under rocks. They are most active in mornings and early evening.
They do not form trails as some other ant species. Indoors they can nest in all
voids, crawl areas and under carpet.
Big-headed Ant (Pheidole fervens)
Big-headed ants have two distinct sizes of workers-major workers(soldiers) and
minor workers.
Major workers can be identified by very large heads in comparison to the body
size.
The color is yellowish-red to reddish-brown depending on the species. The
antenna has twelve segments and ends in a three segmented club. These ants
primarily live outdoors near structures but do infest inside structures.
Big-headed ants forage in trails. Outside they can be found along the edge of
foundations and sidewalks. Inside trails are found along baseboards and under
the edge of carpets.
General Ant Control
In most cases inspecting for ants requires a good flashlight, inspection mirror, gloves, and knee pads. Tweezers and a vial
of alcohol are handy to have to collect samples for identification.
Sanitation is an important aspect of any ant-control program. Crumbs, grease, food scraps, and other foods attractive to
foraging workers should be eliminated. Heavy infestations of ants in buildings are rarely found where thorough sanitation
is practiced. Sanitation is also important to increase the effectiveness of ant-baiting. Finding and sealing up entry points is
also important in a well constructed treatment plan.
When inspecting, don't just look around the perimeter of the foundation of a building, look up. In many cases ants enter a
structure from overhead wires such as telephone and T.V. cable. Once inside they can run wiring and pipes to anywhere
in the structure. When ants are seen coming from a kitchen outlet doesn't mean they didn't come in from the opposite side
of the structure sometimes from a different floor level. Other areas to carefully observe are trees with even one tiny branch
touching the structure or a vine growing up a wall.
Ant baits contain carbohydrates, proteins, oils, or a combination of these as attractants along with an active ingredient.
Different attractants are more effective against different species of ants and at different times of the year. In the case of
Argentine ants, sweet baits are attractive year-round.
Protein baits are attractive to Argentine ants primarily in the spring. However, other ant species such as thief ants and
Pharaoh ants prefer protein or greasy baits year-round. Fire ants prefer baits containing oils. Offering a small quantity of
each kind of bait and observing which one the ants prefer is a good way to determine what to use. Setting out different
formulations of various bait products in a single baiting station and monitoring the feeding activity will help in determining
the best bait to use at that service.
Most species of nuisance-ants nest outdoors, perimeter treatments with residual sprays applied around foundations can
prevent many ants from foraging indoors.
For more permanent control, baits near the colony and foraging areas are usually more effective than sprays, since the
bait will be picked up and carried into the colony killing queens and young. Also, slow-acting insecticides such as dusts
are useful, since they allow the forager time to return to the nest so the poison can be spread in the colony, killing queens
and young.
Control of some ants, such as carpenter ants and pharaoh ants, requires more specialized treatment.
Carpenter Ant Control (we will focus on the control strategies of four ant species)
Effective control of carpenter ants requires finding the nest. Carpenter ants don’t accept baits readily, and residual
treatments often fail to kill colonies. When carpenter ants are found in a building, they are either nesting inside the building
or nesting outside the building and entering to forage for food. In some circumstances, an entire colony may migrate from
4. one nesting site to another, so areas of wood associated with high moisture are important to locate. Critical areas include
plugged drain gutters, poorly fitting or damaged siding and flashing, wood-shingle roofs, hollow porch posts and columns,
and leaking doors and window frames. Look for wood in contact with soil and wood in crawl spaces or under dirt-filled slab
porches.
When looking for a nest indoors, look for:
1. Piles of wood debris ejected from the colony. This debris has a shredded quality that looks somewhat like shavings
found in pencil sharpeners. It’s similar to that produced by some wood-boring beetles that are common in firewood.
Sometimes this debris is deposited in the voids in the wall and isn’t visible.
2."Windows" or small openings to the nest. "Windows" may not always be present or visible, since existing cracks
may be used by the ants.
3. Ant activity. The ants often forage in kitchen pantries, garbage, and other areas for food. Often, relatively few ants are
seen during the day, as they are more active at night.
4. Swarmers. These may be found trapped in spider webs.
5. Damaged timbers. The surface may appear solid, but by sounding, the damaged areas can be located.
Sound detection is sometimes useful in carpenter-ant nest location. An active colony at times produces a distinct dry,
rustling sound that may be heard from outside the nest. Sometimes the noise is very loud, but generally it can only be
heard when conditions are very still and outside noises are at a minimum.
Control of carpenter ants indoors should involve:
1. Elimination of high-moisture conditions that provide wood conditions suitable for carpenter-ant nesting.
2.Insecticide application to nests and nest areas. Dusts are especially effective in treating nest galleries. Nest treatments
may be used with dusts or in conjunction with sprays. However, spraying or dusting the infested area with residual
insecticides without locating or treating the nest itself usually doesn’t result in complete control. The insecticides should be
applied to reach, as much as possible, areas inhabited or traveled by the ants. The extent of the galleries should be
determined to whatever degree is practical by careful inspection and drilling.
3. Baiting if applied to areas of foraging activity can also aid in colony control and elimination.
Pharaoh Ant Control
Pharaoh ants are unusually well-suited to nesting indoors, and most colonies will be located within buildings rather than
outdoors. Finding the colony isn't critical with this ant since most often it will not be possible to find it. Locating the foraging
trails for bait applications is more important both inside and out. They are also poorly controlled with residual sprays, since
irritating chemicals (including solvents and many cleaners) may cause the nest to "bud" into separate colonies, which can
disperse throughout the structure.
Because Pharaoh ants are most active at night, pre-baiting with a non-toxic product like mint jelly or peanut butter is a
better inspection strategy. Place the bait on small cardboard squares 1 inch by 1 inch or parchment paper in the same
dimension. Place bait inside kitchen and bath outlets, near fish tanks, along walls, counter tops, window sills, medicine
cabinets, closet shelves and any areas the occupant has seen activity. Inspections should always include along base
boards, door trim, under the edge of counter tops, around dishwashers, and under and behind stoves and refrigerators.
A mirror with an extendable handle is an important inspection tool along with a good flashlight for any proper inspection.
Use of slow-acting baits has been most effective for pharaoh-ant control. Sweet baits, especially mint-apple jelly, are
readily accepted by foraging workers. However, pharaoh ants may later become saturated by the sweet baits and no
longer accept them. Use of combination of fat-based materials, such as peanut butter and honey, in combination with
sweets are often effective for a longer period than are sweet baits alone.
To improve bait acceptance, sanitation is essential. Failure to restrict other food sources will result in poor bait
acceptance. Since the purpose of baiting is to get the ants to feed on the bait and return it to the colony, residual
insecticides should not be used in the area of the baiting. It’s also important to avoid use of volatile cleaners and solvents,
which may repel pharaoh ants. Residual insecticides can be used as a preventive treatment in areas where ants are not
present. As with any ant program sealing cracks, crevices and gaps is important. Areas such as along baseboards,
around door and window trim, and around pipes and wiring. Also make sure windows are sealed properly and door
weather stripping is tight. Outside, eliminate trees and bushes from contacting the structure. If there are gutters make sure
5. they are free of debris and have no standing water. Check for standing water, weeds or clutter on the soil that would
provide a breeding or foraging area.
Odorous House Ant Control
Control strategies must include habitat modification to reduce nesting and feeding sites. Outside they often construct
nests in soil underneath stones, patio blocks, logs, piles of debris and downspout blocks. Piles of material left undisturbed
in cool, moist shaded areas are also conducive to nesting. They are also frequently found under loose tree bark, and in
tree cavities. Tree limbs and bushes touching the structure should be trimmed away. If tree limbs are intermingled from
one tree to another, especially if trees are touching from neighboring properties, every effort should be made to remove
contact. Elimination of such areas combined with long term residual treatments with dusts or baiting is an important step
in the reduction of the population.
Indoors nests can be found in wall cavities particularly near water lines, bath traps, and other voids. Caulking, sealing and
or residual dust applications will aid in curtailing ants in these areas.
Odorous house ants have strong foraging trails often going long distances from the nest to additional food sources or to
and from satellite colonies. If the structure has carpet, check along the edge of the carpet and behind the tack strip for
trails.
Indoors or out it is important to locate the source of the infestation. The investigation to find the source in many cases can
take longer than the application of any chemical treatment. Using a strong flashlight, knee pads, gloves and in some
instances a good quality magnifying glass will be the key to a successful investigation. If you are unable to locate the
colony and you have obtained the proper permissions, small containers of bait can be placed around the structure and the
bait placements monitored for activity.
Once the colony or colonies are located treatments should be selected based on the site conditions. Under rocks and
landscape mound or soil drenching or residual dust applications may be appropriate. If the site has children or pests
placing bait in inaccessible containers or inaccessible areas may be a better choice.
Indoors, crack and crevice treatment, wall void treatments including dusting, foaming or baiting may be appropriate.
Under carpet or behind tack strips baiting or dusting are good choices.
Argentine Ant Control
As with any good treatment strategy, inspection is the first key element of a successful plan.
Finding the colony or colonies is the first step. Inspect along the foundation, under the edge of siding, along sidewalks,
along fascia and gutters. Keep in mind they generally follow some type of structural guideline. Look at wires entering the
structure for signs of activity, pull branches away from the walls and check for ants of the wall surface. If there are citrus
trees on the property check around the base of the trees and up the trunk for activity. Argentine ants will follow wires and
pipes inside walls of a structure and under carpet behind the tack strip.
Indoors or out it is important to locate the source of the infestation. The investigation to find the source in many cases can
take longer than the application of any chemical treatment. Using a strong flashlight, knee pads, and gloves will be the key
to a successful investigation.
Once the colony or colonies are located treatments should be selected based on the site conditions. Under rocks and
landscape mound or soil drenching or residual dust applications may be appropriate. If the site has children or pests
placing bait in inaccessible containers or inaccessible areas may be a better choice.
Indoors, crack and crevice treatment, wall void treatments including dusting, foaming or baiting may be appropriate.
Under carpet of behind tack strips baiting or dusting are good choices. If ants are found in attics or subareas under
insulation dusting or treatments with a wettable powder or baits may be necessary.
No one treatment type will generally give 100% control. It is always prudent to enlist several control tactics in your ant
control plan.
Photos courtesy of Bugwood.org ITP Node