The 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) for West Africa indicates minimal overall improvement in corruption perceptions from 2012 to 2021, with a slight increase in average scores during 2017-2021 that offset earlier declines. West Africa outperformed the average for the African region, ranking third in the rate of improvement among five African regions. In total, of the 15 assessed West African countries, 7 saw score decreases while 7 experienced increases since 2012.

1. 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index
West Africa performance 2012-2021
Prepared by John Leonardo, PFMConnect,
May 2022

2. Introduction
• The charts included in this presentation focus on key trends evident in
the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2021 results for West Africa for
the periods 2012-2021, 2012-2017, 2017-2021 and 2020-2021
• Trends are presented on a global, regional and country basis

3. Regional CPI changes since 2012
• This chart shows the percentage change in country CPI scores between
2012 and 2021 on a regional basis for the 174 countries assessed in
both the 2012 CPI and 2021 CPI (Note: Nil values of unchanged scores
are not displayed in the chart)
• The Global data demonstrates how the proportion of increased country
scores at a global level only exceeds the proportion of reduced country
scores by a negligible amount

4. Regional CPI changes 2012-2021
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
Africa Asia Pacific Caribbean Central, North and South
America
Eastern Europe and Central
Asia
Middle East and North
Africa
Western Europe and
European Union
Global
CPI 2021: Regional percentage changes in CPI country scores
2012-2021
Increased country scores 2012-2021 No change 2012-2021 Decreased country scores 2012-2021

5. African regional CPI changes since 2012
• This chart shows the percentage change in country CPI scores in African
regions between 2012 and 2021 for countries assessed in both the 2012
CPI and 2021 CPI (Note: Nil values of unchanged scores are not
displayed in the chart)

6. CPI 2021: Trends in % changes in country scores
across African regions 2012-2021
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
North Africa 2012-2021 West Africa 2012-2021 Central Africa 2012-2021 East Africa 2012-2021 Southern Africa 2012-2021 All Africa 2012-2021 Global 2012-2021
CPI 2021: Trends in % changes in country scores across African regions 2012-2021
Increases No change Decreases

7. West Africa overall CPI trends 2012-2021
• This chart shows the average CPI scores recorded for West Africa, the African region
and all countries each year during the period 2012-2021
• Little material overall improvement in the average global CPI scores has been
achieved since 2012 (0.37%) (Note: This average has been calculated for those
countries where scores were available in both CPI 2012 and CPI 2021)

8. CPI 2021: West Africa 2012-2021 Overall trends
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
CPI Score 2012 CPI Score 2013 CPI score 2014 CPI score 2015 CPI score 2016 CPI score 2017 CPI score 2018 CPI score 2019 CPI score 2020 CPI score 2021
CPI 2021: West Africa versus regional and global averages CPI scores 2012-2021
West Africa average Africa average Global average

9. CPI 2021: West Africa rate of change in CPI scores
2012-2021
• This chart shows the percentage change in average CPI scores recorded for West
Africa, the African region and all countries during the period 2012-2021 (Note: Nil
values of unchanged scores are not displayed in the chart)
• West Africa’s average CPI score improved sufficiently in 2017-2021 to offset the
decline experienced in 2012-2017 and record an overall improvement during 2012-
2021

10. CPI 2021: West Africa versus Africa and global
averages % changes in CPI scores 2012-2021
-4.00%
-3.00%
-2.00%
-1.00%
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
2020-2021 2017-2021 2012-2017 2012-2021
CPI 2021: West Africa versus Africa and global averages % changes in CPI scores 2012-2021
West Africa average scores Africa average Global average

11. CPI 2021: West Africa 2021 country CPI scores
• This chart shows the 2021 CPI scores for West African countries

12. CPI 2021: West Africa 2021 country CPI scores
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Benin Burkina
Faso
Cabo Verde Cote
d'Ivoire
Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea
Bissau
Liberia Mali Niger Nigeria Senegal Sierra Leone Togo West Africa
average
score
Africa
average
score
Global
average
score
CPI 2021: West African countries 2021 CPI scores

13. CPI 2021: West Africa 2012-2021
• This chart shows the percentage change between 2012 CPI scores and
2021 CPI scores for 15 West African countries assessed in both the 2012
CPI and 2021 CPI
• Results summary:
– CPI score increases since 2012: 7
– CPI scores unchanged since 2012: 1 (Note: Nil unchanged percentage
scores are not displayed in the chart)
– CPI score decreases since 2012: 7

14. CPI 2021: West Africa 2012-2021
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
Liberia Guinea Bissau Mali Nigeria Niger Ghana Cabo Verde Togo Guinea Gambia Sierra Leone Burkina Faso Benin Senegal Cote d'Ivoire
CPI 2021: West African countries % change in CPI scores 2012-2021

15. CPI 2021: West Africa 2012-2017
• This chart shows the percentage change between 2012 CPI scores and
2017 CPI scores for 15 West African countries assessed in both the 2012
CPI and 2017 CPI
• Results summary:
– CPI score increases since 2012: 6
– CPI scores unchanged since 2012: 2 (Note: Nil unchanged percentage
scores are not displayed in the chart)
– CPI score decreases since 2012: 7

16. CPI 2021: West Africa 2012-2017
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
Guinea Bissau Liberia Gambia Ghana Mali Cabo Verde Sierra Leone Niger Nigeria Togo Benin Burkina Faso Guinea Cote d'Ivoire Senegal
CPI 2021: West African countries % change in CPI scores 2012-2017

17. CPI 2021: West Africa 2017-2021
• This chart shows the percentage change between 2017 CPI scores and
2021 CPI scores for 15 West African countries assessed in both the 2017
CPI and 2021 CPI
• Results summary:
– CPI score increases since 2017: 6
– CPI scores unchanged since 2017: 2 (Note: Nil unchanged percentage
scores are not displayed in the chart)
– CPI score decreases since 2017: 7

18. CPI 2021: West Africa 2017-2021
-15.00%
-10.00%
-5.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
Nigeria Guinea Liberia Mali Togo Niger Senegal Burkina Faso Cote d'Ivoire Cabo Verde Ghana Benin Sierra Leone Gambia Guinea Bissau
CPI 2021: West African countries % change in CPI scores 2017-2021

19. CPI 2021: West Africa 2020-2021
• This chart shows the percentage change between 2020 CPI scores and
2021 CPI scores for 15 West African countries assessed in both the 2020
CPI and 2021 CPI
• Results summary:
– CPI score increases since 2020: 6
– CPI scores unchanged since 2020: 4 (Note: Nil unchanged percentage
scores are not displayed in the chart)
– CPI score decreases since 2020: 5

20. CPI 2021: West Africa 2020-2021
-15.00%
-10.00%
-5.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
Guinea Senegal Nigeria Mali Niger Cabo Verde Cote d'Ivoire Gambia Ghana Benin Sierra Leone Togo Liberia Burkina Faso Guinea Bissau
CPI 2021: West African countries % change in CPI scores 2020-2021

21. CPI 2021: Africa 2012-2021
• This chart shows the percentage change between 2012 CPI scores and
2021 CPI scores for 53 African countries assessed in both the 2012 CPI
and 2021 CPI
• Results summary:
– CPI score increases since 2012: 23
– CPI scores unchanged since 2012: 3
– CPI score decreases since 2012: 27

22. CPI 2021: Africa 2012-2021
-40.00%
-20.00%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
Liberia
Comoros
Congo
Libya
Madagascar
Djibouti
Mozambique
Guinea
Bissau
Lesotho
Botswana
Equatorial
Guinea
Mali
Eswatini
Eritrea
Gabon
Nigeria
Zambia
Mauritania
Democratic
Republic
of
the
Congo
Central
African
Republic
Uganda
Niger
Malawi
Mauritius
Ghana
Cabo
Verde
Algeria
Rwanda
Togo
Burundi
Namibia
South
Africa
Egypt
Cameroon
Guinea
Chad
Morocco
Sao
Tome
and
Principe
Tunisia
Gambia
Sierra
Leone
Burkina
Faso
Kenya
Tanzania
Zimbabwe
Benin
Ethiopia
Senegal
Cote
d'Ivoire
Angola
Seychelles
Sudan
Somalia
Regional
average
CPI 2021: African countries % change in CPI scores 2012-2021

23. CPI 2021: Africa 2012-2017
• This chart shows the percentage change between 2012 CPI scores and
2017 CPI scores for 53 African countries assessed in both the 2012 CPI
and 2017 CPI
• Results summary:
– CPI score increases since 2012: 21
– CPI scores unchanged since 2012: 6
– CPI score decreases since 2012: 26

24. CPI 2021: Africa 2012-2017
-40.00%
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
Guinea
Bissau
Madagascar
Liberia
Eritrea
Mozambique
Congo
Libya
Malawi
Equatorial
Guinea
Djibouti
Angola
Mauritius
Gambia
Central
African
Republic
Ghana
Uganda
Mauritania
Mali
Gabon
Cabo
Verde
Lesotho
Botswana
Cameroon
Comoros
Sierra
Leone
Algeria
Democratic
Republic
of
the
Congo
Egypt
Niger
Nigeria
South
Africa
Zambia
Tunisia
Tanzania
Kenya
Rwanda
Chad
Eswatini
Ethiopia
Namibia
Togo
Morocco
Benin
Sao
Tome
and
Principe
Zimbabwe
Burkina
Faso
Guinea
Somalia
Seychelles
Burundi
Sudan
Cote
d'Ivoire
Senegal
CPI 2021: African countries % change in CPI scores 2012-2017

25. CPI 2021: Africa 2017-2021
• This chart shows the percentage change between 2017 CPI scores and
2021 CPI scores for 54 African countries assessed in both the 2017 CPI
and 2021 CPI
• Results summary:
– CPI score increases since 2017: 25
– CPI scores unchanged since 2017: 8
– CPI score decreases since 2017: 21

26. CPI 2021: Africa 2017-2021
-30.00%
-20.00%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
Comoros
Eswatini
Burundi
Nigeria
Zambia
Botswana
Lesotho
Democratic
Republic
of
the
Congo
South
Sudan
Guinea
Mali
Liberia
Togo
Niger
Senegal
Namibia
Rwanda
Djibouti
Gabon
Morocco
Sao
Tome
and
Principe
Algeria
Libya
Burkina
Faso
Cote
d'Ivoire
Mauritania
Congo
Chad
Equatorial
Guinea
South
Africa
Egypt
Uganda
Mozambique
Central
African
Republic
Zimbabwe
Tunisia
Cabo
Verde
Kenya
Ghana
Benin
Mauritius
Cameroon
Tanzania
Madagascar
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Malawi
Sierra
Leone
Seychelles
Gambia
Guinea
Bissau
Sudan
Somalia
Angola
CPI 2021: African countries % change in CPI scores 2017-2021

27. CPI 2021: Africa 2020-2021
• This chart shows the percentage change between 2020 CPI scores and
2021 CPI scores for 54 African countries assessed in both the 2020 CPI
and 2021 CPI
• Results summary:
– CPI score increases since 2020: 23
– CPI scores unchanged since 2020: 11
– CPI score decreases since 2020: 20

28. CPI 2021: Africa 2020-2021
-15.00%
-10.00%
-5.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
30.00%
Guinea
Algeria
Botswana
South
Sudan
Central
African
Republic
Lesotho
Chad
Comoros
Senegal
Sao
Tome
and
Principe
Zimbabwe
Nigeria
Namibia
Mauritania
Mali
Kenya
Niger
Eswatini
Morocco
Rwanda
Tunisia
Egypt
Libya
Cabo
Verde
South
Africa
Ghana
Gambia
Cote
d'Ivoire
Zambia
Uganda
Burundi
Mauritius
Benin
Ethiopia
Tanzania
Sierra
Leone
Gabon
Togo
Liberia
Madagascar
Mozambique
Eritrea
Burkina
Faso
Democratic
Republic
of
the
Congo
Seychelles
Equatorial
Guinea
Angola
Cameroon
Somalia
Congo
Guinea
Bissau
Djibouti
Malawi
Sudan
CPI 2021: African countries % change in CPI scores 2020-2021

29. Conclusion
• West Africa’s average CPI score was consistently better than the average Africa CPI
score during 2012-2021.
• West Africa’s performance in terms of rate of improvement in country CPI scores
was ranked third equal out of the five African regions.
• West Africa’s average CPI score improved sufficiently in 2017-2021 to offset the
decline experienced in 2012-2017 and record an overall improvement during 2012-
2021

30. About us
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