The nursing students conducted a community assessment in Fountain Valley where they observed many adults carrying bottled water. They became interested in residents' knowledge of tap water safety and benefits. Their diagnoses were deficient knowledge and decisional conflict among residents regarding tap water. For their intervention, they set up an informational booth at a park where they educated visitors about tap water regulations, environmental impacts of bottled water, and provided resources for water tours. They spoke with 8 individuals and 2 expressed interest in tours. They recommend alternative approaches like taste tests, surveys, and presenting at other community locations. Barriers were availability of people and perceptions, while facilitators included location and learning tools.

1. Community Intervention:
Fountain Valley
Amanda N. Blankenship, Merrill Peralta, Krystle Rivers, & Gabriela Ruiz
402L: Community Health Nursing Clinical Lab
Carla J. Marcinek, RN, MSN, PHN
California State University, Fullerton

2. Assessment

3. Statement of
Problem
▪ While conducting our windshield survey in
Fountain Valley, we observed many adults
carrying bottled water with them.
▪ After experiencing the water tour in Fountain
Valley, we became curious about whether or not
residents were aware of the safety of their tap
water, and the economic and environmental
benefits of choosing tap water.

4. Nursing Diagnosis #1

5. Deficient knowledge among adult residents of
Fountain Valley r/t lack of exposure to water
regulation education, information misinterpretation
and unfamiliarity with resources aeb residents
verbalizing a lack of knowledge, and expressing
inaccurate information regarding tap water.

6. Nursing Diagnosis #2

7. Decisional conflict among adult residents of
Fountain Valley r/t unclear beliefs secondary to
multiple and divergent sources of information aeb
verbalized uncertainty about choices, vacillation
between alternative choices, and verbalized
questioning of beliefs.

8. Evidence-Based
Article
#1

9. Evidence-Based
Article
#2

10. Evidence-Based
Article
#3

11. Evidence-Based
Article
#4

12. Community
Resources & Agencies
▪ Orange County Water District
▪ Orange County Sanitation District
▪ 2015 Fountain Valley Water Quality Report
▪ City Website (www.fountainvalley.org)
▪ City of Fountain Valley Water Division
▪ Municipal Water District of Orange County

13. Identification of
Community Need
▪ Interventions to promote tap water that address:
▫ Concerns about quality and safety
▫ US regulations for tap water
▪ Public health education to increase the awareness
of the impact of bottled water consumption on:
▫ The environment
▫ The household budget
▫ Oral health

14. Planning

15. Background Info
▪ 1 class scheduled to implement the project
▪ All 4 group members present to present to the
public
▪ Presentation to be given at Mile Square Park
▫ large venue
▫ many people with water bottles
▫ stationed along the running path/ soccer field

16. Intervention Goals
▪ Clients to attend a tour at the OC
Water District
▪ Clients to feel more comfortable
drinking their tap
▪ Clients to increase in knowledge
about where their water comes from

17. Group Rules
Private Group
Be courteous and respectful
to all group members
Complete all tasks by the
group-assigned due dates
Be encouraging to other
group members and ideas
Contribute fairly to the group
Community Intervention
All members of the group
must be present for the CI
Be professional as we
represent CSUF
Only approach those that
seem interested in our
table/set-up
Do not approach runners!!!

18. Theories
▪ Constructivism
▫ Knowledge and meaning from interaction b/w
experiences and ideas
▸ Interacting w/ public and showing
evidence of bottled water/ tap
▪ Social Learning Theory
▫ People learn in a social context through
modeling/ behavior of others
▸ Avoidance of consumption via water
bottles during intervention
(“Most Influential Theories”, n.d.)

19. Content
“Pepsi's Aquafina and Coca-Cola Co's Dasani are both made from purified water
sourced from public reservoirs, as opposed to Danone's Evian or Nestle's Poland
Spring, so-called "spring waters," shipped from specific locations the companies
say have notably clean water.” (“Aquafina Labels,” 2007, para. 4)

20. Content cont...
Pre Pure Microfilter Rev. Osmosis UV Light H20 Delivery
How to BOOK A TOUR
Available tours: GWRS Tour (Fountain Valley)Groundwater Recharge Basins (Anaheim)Advanced
Water Quality Assurance Laboratory (Fountain Valley)Prado Wetlands (Corona)

21. Plan
AffectiveCognitive Psychomotor

22. Learning Domains
Cognitive
Comprehension
Analysis
Evaluation
Affective
Receiving
phenomena
Responding to
phenomena
Valuing
Psychomotor
Motor skills and movement
(“Domains of Learning,” n.d.)

23. Implementation
➔ Prepared learning materials prior to implementation
day
➔ Mile Square Park on a Sunday morning (heavy traffic
day)
➔ Created an eye-catching board to attract people in
the park
➔ Table set-up with articles, video of OCWD, Fact-
filled brochures, & Water Tour info
➔ Approached people that looked interested and
asked them “Can we tell you about your tap?”
➔ Educated the public in layman's terms about the
facility
➔ Encouraged Questions from the public

24. Evaluation
➢ To determine if our interventions were effective,
we:
➢ Will contact the OCWD to determine how many
tour requests they received from those
referencing the Mile Square Park “Tap Group”
➢ Want our visitors to verbalize that they learned
something new about the OC in regards to their
water saving efforts
➢ Want our visitors to verbalize having greater
comfort when drinking tap water

25. Implementation
Location: Mile Square Park
Setup:
▪ Trust Your Tap board
▪ Laptop with waste water purification process
playing
▪ Brochure
▪ Brita filter props
▪ Water quality information
▪ OC Water District tour information

26. Set Up in ACTION!

27. Community Response
● Interested in our topic
● Receptive to our teaching
● Willing to share the
information with members of
the community as well as
those in other communities.
● Information presented was
unknown to the community
○ Tap water is strictly
regulated
○ Most bottled water is
actually tap water

28. “ I teach at North-West College, and
I think this is great information to
share with my students. I’m
contemplating booking a tour for
the class.

29. Flesch–Kincaid readability test
● designed to indicate how difficult
a reading passage in English is to
understand.
● Flesh-Kincaid grade level =7.9
● Flesh-Kincaid reading ease=63.9
Brochure
Thomas, Hartley, & Kincaid , (1975)

30. Evaluation

31. Outcomes of
Community Intervention
▪ Spoke with 8 individuals at the
park
▪ All 8 received pamphlets, while 3
took the time to watch OCWD
informational video
▪ 2 stated they would be
interested in booking an OCWD
tour

32. Brochure had short sentences, vital info
only, provided outside resources
Though video easy to understand, may
have been too long for setting
Display board was eye-catching, used
more visuals/diagrams than text
Props helped to explain information,
showcased options
Tool Effectiveness &
Health Literacy Level

33. Recommondations
for Alternative Approaches
▪
▪ Blind Taste Test:
Tap Water vs. Bottled Water
▪ Pre-/Post-Test:
Tap Water Knowledge
▪ Group Lecture at different
locations (e.g. Senior Centers,
schools, businesses)
▪ Farmers Market booth
▪ Media (Commercials,
advertisements, social media
campaign)
#TrustYourTap

34. Barriers
Availability of passersby
Lack of promotion
Residents’ perceptions of our
intentions at the park
Identify...
Facilitators
Location/Time
Good communication/Bilingual
Learning tools presented/utilized

35. Group
Process
Enabled group
members to work
collaboratively to
prepare and present
the best & most
pertinent intervention
for the community.
Each group member
utilized and
contributed her
strengths to the
project.
Worked harmoniously
to complete the
project in a timely
manner.

36. References
Ackley, B. J., & Ladwig, G. B. (2011). Nursing diagnosis handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care (9th
ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Aquafina labels to spell out source. (2007). CNN. Retrieved from
http://www.cnn.com/2007/HEALTH/07/27/pepsico.aquafina.reut/
Domains of learning. (n.d.). Starting Point: Teaching Entry Level Geoscience. Retrieved from
http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/assessment/domains.html
Erp, B. V., Webber, W. L., Stoddard, P., Shah, R., Martin, L., Broderick, B., & Induni, M. (2014). Demographic factors
associated with perceptions about water safety and tap water consumption among adults in Santa Clara
County, California, 2011. Preventing Chronic Disease Prev. Chronic Dis., 11. doi:10.5888/pcd11.130437
Huerta-Saenz, L., Irigoyen, M., Benavides, J., & Mendoza, M. (2011). Tap or bottled water: Drinking preferences
among urban minority children and adolescents. Journal of Community Health J Community Health, 37(1),
54-58. doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9415-1
Lundy, K. S., & Janes, S. (2016). Community health nursing: Caring for the public's health (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA:
Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.

37. References cont...
Merkel, L., Bicking, C., & Sekhar, D. (2011). Parents’ perceptions of water safety and quality. Journal of Community
Health 37(1), 195-201. doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9436-9.
Most influential theories of learning. (n.d.) Unseco Education. Retrieved from
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/strengthening-education-systems/quality-
framework/technical-notes/influential-theories-of-learning/
Saylor, A., Prokopy, L. S., & Amberg, S. (2011). What’s wrong with the tap? Examining perceptions of tap water
and bottled water at Purdue University. Environmental Management, 48(3), 588-601. doi:10.1007
/s00267-011-9692-6
Thomas, G., Hartley, R., & Kincaid, J. (1975). Test-retest and inter-analyst reliability of the automated readability
index, flesch reading ease score, and the fog count. J. of Literacy Res. Journal of Literacy Research HJLR,
149-154.

38. Thanks!
Any Questions?