Contemporary Issues Sp09
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Students will explore contemporary criminal justice events and examine definitions of police and peace officers. Selected students will research and report on various New York State investigative services, including their mission statements, roles, and organizational structures. The class will analyze a 2008 news article about allegations against two officials, examining the facts and speculation around the incident and investigation.
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CJ 301
CHAPTER 1
NOTES
It is important for everyone to become familiar with the language of research as we begin this statistics course, so follow along and try to absorb the information below. This module is intended to accompany Chapter 1 of the Adventures in Criminal Justice Research text (4th edition):
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The Workforce Crisis, and
What Police Agencies
Are Doing About It
The Workforce Crisis, and
What Police Agencies
Are Doing About It
SEPTEMBER 2019
The points of view expressed herein are the authors’ and do not necessarily represent the views of
all Police Executive Research Forum members.
Police Executive Research Forum, Washington, D.C. 20036
Copyright © 2019 by Police Executive Research Forum
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States.
ISBN: 978-1-934485-53-8
Graphic Design by Dave Williams.
Photographs by Greg Dohler. Cover photos, clockwise from upper left, courtesy of the Tucson
Police Department; the Clearwater, FL Police Department; the New York City Police Department;
the Metropolitan Police, United Kingdom; the Tempe, AZ Police Department; and the Volusia
County, FL Sheriff’s Office.
Acknowledgments | PAGE 5
Executive Summary: The Workforce Crisis, and
What Police Agencies Are Doing About It | 7
12 Takeaways to Improve Recruitment and Retention | 12
How PERF Surveyed Police Agencies on Recruitment and Retention Issues | 17
Survey Methodology | 17
Overview of Survey Respondents | 17
Demographics of Responding Agencies | 18
Recruitment and Retention: Trends and Statistics | 19
The Current Crisis Has Deep Roots | 22
The Key Challenge: Finding Recruits Who Have the Skills for Policing Today | 23
1. Community Engagement | 24
2. Changes in Technology | 24
3. The Growing Roles of Police in Handling Social Problems | 25
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Identifying Specific Challenges in Recruitment and Retention | 29
Recruitment Challenges | 29
Competition Between Agencies | 30
Retention Challenges | 31
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Finding
Solution
s: What Agencies Are Doing
to Improve Recruitment and Retention | 33
Recruitment Incentives | 33
Expanding the Pool of Candidates | 34
Pursuing Non-Traditional Candidates | 37
Sidebar: Creating a Farm System to “Grow Your Own” Police Officer Candidates | 38
Sidebar: Police Now – A New Way of Thinking about Police Careers in the United Kingdom | 40
Sidebar: Survey of Criminal Justice Students Reveals Ways to Improve Recruiting | 44
Refining the Recruitment Process to Attract Today’s Applicants | 46
Give Applicants a Realistic Picture of Policing | 48
Retaining the Officers You Recruit | 51
Broadening Officers’ Experiences through Professional Development Opportunities | 52
Supporting Employees’ Needs for Work-Life Balance | 54
Promoting and Facilitating Officers’ Wellness | 56
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Participants: “The Changing Dynamics of Policing and the Police Workforce”
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5Acknowledgments
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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Book Reference
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(Courtesy mikeledray!Shutterstock.)
5 Criminallnvestigation
The Science of Sleuthing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
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0 Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics
f) Understand the origins of criminalistics as well as the types of information
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8 Compare anthropometry and dactylography
0 Explain how Bertillon, Locard, Vollmer, and others contributed to the
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0 Describe the kinds of qualities that detectives and undercover officers
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125
~
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Research and explain the deviant actions of the Los Angeles Police D.pdf
Research and explain the deviant actions of the Los Angeles Police Department’s Rampart
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Traditional definitions of police misconduct, especially Apolice corruption,@ are imprecise. In
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department=s annual rate of involuntary separations. - Race still matters, but apparently only for
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those of white officers. Black officers= representation in the NYPD remained relatively flat
during the years studied. Black officers= involuntary separation rates have also decreased, but
remain higher than those for other racial groups. This document is a research report submitted to
the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions
or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official
position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Fyfe and Kane -- xiii The study reaches
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dis.
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BackgroundA significant criminal event may occur at any place an.docx
Background
A significant criminal event may occur at any place and at any time. The size of the jurisdiction does not dictate the scope and scale of the incident. It is perfectly possible, even predictable, that investigative needs will be beyond the resources and/or sophistication of a local law enforcement agency. In such cases, one option is to expand the resources available through multiagency collaboration and cooperation (e.g., a task force). However, regardless of who or how many investigative resources are brought to bear on an incident, the parent agency remains responsible for the successful outcome of the criminal investigation.
Project Setting
Acting as a subject matter expert on criminal investigation, you have been asked to assist in the creation of a simulation exercise of a multijurisdictional criminal investigation. Some of the preliminary work has already been completed. Your specific task is to compile the post investigation review document (rubric) to be used by exercise assessors in their evaluation of the quality of the criminal investigation. This is what you know:
A series of 11 random explosions have occurred in an area that traverses two states, and a total of seven counties (five counties in one state and two counties in the other state), embracing a total of nine cities and incorporated towns. The explosions resulted in five deaths, 32 injuries, and significant property damage. In each case, the explosion was detonated remotely. The lead investigative agency is the Virtual, Maryland, Police Department, because the first three explosions occurred within its jurisdiction. VPD has about 100 sworn personnel, including 17 all-purpose detective investigators. It has a certified forensic laboratory for rudimentary analysis, staffed by credentialed civilians. Ultimately, two suspects were identified and apprehended, one adult male and one teenage (minor) male. Statements were made by each, resulting in investigative searches and seizures of forensic evidence. Both subjects eventually confessed to their respective and collective parts in the crimes.
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Investigative Task Force
Assuming that legal authority was not an issue, should this investigation be conducted by VPD personnel or a multijurisdictional task force?
At what point should the potential of establishing an investigative task force be considered?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of an investigative task force?
Who, ...
COMPSTATITS ORIGINS, EVOLUTION, AND FUTURE IN LAW ENFOR.docx
COMPSTAT:
ITS ORIGINS, EVOLUTION, AND FUTURE
IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Bureau of Justice Assistance
Police Executive Research Forum
Bureau of Justice Assistance
U.S. Department of Justice
COMPSTAT:
ITS ORIGINS, EVOLUTION, AND FUTURE
IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Bureau of Justice Assistance
Police Executive Research Forum
Copyright 2013 by Police Executive Research Forum, Washington, DC 20036
All rights reserved.
The points of view expressed herein are the authors’ and do not necessarily
represent the opinions of the Bureau of Justice Assistance or individual
Police Executive Research Forum members.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN: 978-1-934485-23-1
Cover and text page design by Dave Williams.
Compstat: Its Origins, Evolution, and Future
In Law Enforcement Agencies
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................... v
FOREWORD ..........................................................................................................................................vii
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................1
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What Is Compstat? ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Compstat Emerges at NYPD ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Compstat Is Adopted by Other Law Enforcement Agencies ........................................................................................... 6
Compstat Is Adopted by Non-Law Enforcement Agencies ............................................................................................. 6
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Compstat Is Flexible and Can Accelerate Organizational Change .................................................................................. 9
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Compstat Increases Accountability ........................................
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- Employment was unchanged in June at 0.0% growth, while the unemployment rate declined slightly to 6.8%.
- Over the past year, employment has grown by 108,000 or 0.6%, mostly in part-time work. The number of hours worked fell slightly.
- British Columbia was the only province that saw employment growth. The job market was flat or declined elsewhere.
The family
This document defines what constitutes a family and describes the main types of families that exist today. It begins by stating that a family is generally considered a group of two or more people related by blood, marriage, adoption or fostering who live together. The document then outlines and provides examples of different types of common families, including nuclear families, single parent families, extended families, childless families, step/blended families, grandparent families, sibling families, and foster families. It concludes by noting some of the benefits children receive from being raised in intact families.
Contemporary social issues final presentation
This document discusses unemployment rates around the world and in Canada. It notes that unemployment is measured as a percentage of the labor force and is affected by people entering and leaving the workforce. Unemployment causes economic hardships and is linked to inequality. The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 significantly increased unemployment worldwide. While unemployment rates vary internationally, all countries experienced increased rates during the crisis. Unemployment has social impacts such as increased stress and impacts on families and communities. Conflict theory suggests that unemployment benefits the wealthy and powerful at the expense of society.
Contemporary issues in missions 1
The document discusses several contemporary issues in Christian missions, including globalism, clericalism, apocalypticism, pluralism/postmodernism, the role of money and the church in missions. It covers trends like the global shift southward of Christianity, the rise of missions from the global South, ecumenical cooperation, networking and collaboration between mission agencies. Issues addressed include definitions of "the call", short-term missions, tentmaking/bivocational missions, and lay leadership in missions.
causes of unemployment
The document discusses reasons why people work and the causes of unemployment. It states that people work primarily to meet their needs through pay, and that more responsible jobs provide greater rewards. It defines unemployment as people who are able, available and actively seeking work but not currently employed. Unemployment is measured as the percentage of the labor force that is unemployed. Some key causes of unemployment mentioned include a defective investment system, technological changes, poverty, defects in the education system, rapid population growth, inadequate agricultural development, slow economic growth, and lack of a national employment policy.
Unemployment
This document defines and categorizes different types of unemployment. It discusses voluntary unemployment which occurs when workers choose to leave jobs to find new opportunities. Involuntary unemployment is defined as unemployment caused by external factors like lack of demand. Specific types of unemployment identified include seasonal, cyclical, technical, frictional, structural, and disguised unemployment. Seasonal unemployment occurs in industries like agriculture that experience fluctuations based on the time of year. Cyclical unemployment is caused by lack of aggregate demand in the economy. Technical unemployment results from technological changes replacing certain jobs. Frictional unemployment is temporary as workers transition between jobs. Structural unemployment is a mismatch between the skills workers have and the jobs available. Disguised unemployment occurs when more workers are
Unemployment
The document discusses different types and measurements of unemployment. It describes seasonal, frictional, structural, and cyclical unemployment. It also discusses how unemployment is measured using the claimant count and labour force survey. Unemployment trends in the UK since 1990 are presented, showing the impacts of recessions. Policies to reduce unemployment through demand-side and supply-side approaches are outlined.
Ppt on unemployment
This document defines unemployment and discusses its various types, causes, costs, measurement, and solutions. It defines unemployment as a situation where capable and willing workers cannot find employment. The main types of unemployment discussed are frictional, structural, cyclical, and seasonal unemployment. Causes of unemployment mentioned include population growth, lack of job opportunities, seasonal factors, and slow industry development. Costs of unemployment include individual financial issues and societal underutilization of resources. Unemployment is typically measured by calculating the unemployment rate as a percentage of the unemployed workforce versus the total labor force. Proposed solutions include changing investment patterns, encouraging small businesses, subsidizing employment, and reorienting education.
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Employment and Job creation for Canada - june 2016
Employment and Job creation for Canada - june 2016
Similar to Contemporary Issues Sp09
E09042536
This document provides a guide for state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies to develop or enhance their intelligence functions. It summarizes key changes and initiatives in the field of law enforcement intelligence since 9/11. These include the development of the FBI Intelligence Program, new DHS intelligence products, the expansion of Intelligence-Led Policing, and implementation of the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan. The guide covers topics such as defining intelligence, intelligence processes and products, management issues, information sharing networks, intelligence requirements, threat assessment, and federal intelligence programs. The intent is to ensure the guide is contemporary, informative, prescriptive, and provides resources to aid law enforcement intelligence efforts.
CJ 301CHAPTER 1NOTESIt is important for everyone to become f.docx
CJ 301
CHAPTER 1
NOTES
It is important for everyone to become familiar with the language of research as we begin this statistics course, so follow along and try to absorb the information below. This module is intended to accompany Chapter 1 of the Adventures in Criminal Justice Research text (4th edition):
This textbook introduces you to the logic of theory, research, and practice in criminal justice and gives you some practical experience through the use of the SPSS for Windows computer program.
WHAT DO WE MEAN WHEN WE SAY STATISTICS?
The word statistics can have a variety of meanings.
1. It can refer to fragments of data or information.
2. To some it may mean the theories and procedures that are used for understanding data.
3. Statistics may also be defined as collections of facts expressed as numbers.
-For example, in 1990, 341,387 full-time law enforcement officers were working in the U.S.; this is a statistic. So is the fact that 7,830 bank robberies occurred in the same year (Crime in the U.S. 1990) and that four million offenders were under some form of correctional supervision (Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics 1992). The list of statistical facts about the criminal justice system may be regarded as statistics. Your age, your shoe size, your height, your sex, your ethnicity are all statistics. Indeed, any fact that can be expressed as a number, whether it is important or not, is a statistic.
4. For this class, we are going to use the following working definition of the term statistics. Statistics is a set of problem-solving procedures that are used to analyze and interpret aggregate data.
WHAT ARE SOME PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF STATISTICS?
Criminal justice practitioners deal with a wide variety of problems that statistics can help solve.
1. Statistics can be used to describe crime in a city, or the composition of a police department or the overcrowding problem in a county jail, or the case processing rate of a criminal court.
2. Other problems that arise in criminal justice go beyond simple description and into areas such as prediction and evaluation.
- For example, if a police department were to add 60 officers to its force, what would be the predicted impact on crime rates, staff morale, or gasoline consumption? How many new probation officer positions would be required in the next five years to keep up with the current growth in caseloads? If sentences to prison continue at their present rate, for how many new prison beds must the state plan? Is probation more effective than prison? Which community-based corrections programs work better than others? How successful is community-oriented policing or judicial training or the public defender’s office? Answering these types of question involves various statistical techniques that we will learn about during this semester.
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF STATISTICS?
1. Descriptive Statistics – These are statistics whose function it is to describe what data looks l.
Conduct Unbecoming 1.2
This training presentation discusses conduct standards for law enforcement personnel. It defines conduct unbecoming as dishonorable behavior, especially for those in military or law enforcement. It describes how police departments rely on public trust and have internal affairs divisions to investigate allegations of misconduct to ensure the highest professional standards. Several examples of questionable conduct by law enforcement officers are provided, such as the Rodney King beating. The presentation stresses that officers must maintain high ethical standards and avoid any actions that could damage their or their department's reputation.
The Workforce Crisis, and What Police Agencies Are Doi.docx
The Workforce Crisis, and
What Police Agencies
Are Doing About It
The Workforce Crisis, and
What Police Agencies
Are Doing About It
SEPTEMBER 2019
The points of view expressed herein are the authors’ and do not necessarily represent the views of
all Police Executive Research Forum members.
Police Executive Research Forum, Washington, D.C. 20036
Copyright © 2019 by Police Executive Research Forum
All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States.
ISBN: 978-1-934485-53-8
Graphic Design by Dave Williams.
Photographs by Greg Dohler. Cover photos, clockwise from upper left, courtesy of the Tucson
Police Department; the Clearwater, FL Police Department; the New York City Police Department;
the Metropolitan Police, United Kingdom; the Tempe, AZ Police Department; and the Volusia
County, FL Sheriff’s Office.
Acknowledgments | PAGE 5
Executive Summary: The Workforce Crisis, and
What Police Agencies Are Doing About It | 7
12 Takeaways to Improve Recruitment and Retention | 12
How PERF Surveyed Police Agencies on Recruitment and Retention Issues | 17
Survey Methodology | 17
Overview of Survey Respondents | 17
Demographics of Responding Agencies | 18
Recruitment and Retention: Trends and Statistics | 19
The Current Crisis Has Deep Roots | 22
The Key Challenge: Finding Recruits Who Have the Skills for Policing Today | 23
1. Community Engagement | 24
2. Changes in Technology | 24
3. The Growing Roles of Police in Handling Social Problems | 25
Sidebar: Why Are Fewer People Considering a Career in Policing? | 27
Sidebar: A Fresh Perspective: Hearing from Officers New to the Profession | 28
Identifying Specific Challenges in Recruitment and Retention | 29
Recruitment Challenges | 29
Competition Between Agencies | 30
Retention Challenges | 31
Sidebar: Recruitment and Retention Challenges in Federal Agencies | 32
CONTENTS
Finding
Solution
s: What Agencies Are Doing
to Improve Recruitment and Retention | 33
Recruitment Incentives | 33
Expanding the Pool of Candidates | 34
Pursuing Non-Traditional Candidates | 37
Sidebar: Creating a Farm System to “Grow Your Own” Police Officer Candidates | 38
Sidebar: Police Now – A New Way of Thinking about Police Careers in the United Kingdom | 40
Sidebar: Survey of Criminal Justice Students Reveals Ways to Improve Recruiting | 44
Refining the Recruitment Process to Attract Today’s Applicants | 46
Give Applicants a Realistic Picture of Policing | 48
Retaining the Officers You Recruit | 51
Broadening Officers’ Experiences through Professional Development Opportunities | 52
Supporting Employees’ Needs for Work-Life Balance | 54
Promoting and Facilitating Officers’ Wellness | 56
Sidebar: Reimagining the Police Workforce | 57
Conclusion: The Recruiting Crisis Isn’t Only About Recruiting | 58
Participants: “The Changing Dynamics of Policing and the Police Workforce”
Conference December 4, 2018 Washington, DC | 60
5Acknowledgments
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Most law e.
211314.pdf
This document provides a guide for law enforcement and prosecutors on the use of digital evidence in court. It discusses several key issues related to searching and seizing digital evidence. The Wiretap Act prohibits intercepting communications like phone calls and conversations unless a court order is obtained. The Stored Communications Act regulates accessing stored electronic data, requiring legal process like a subpoena. Investigators must follow the Fourth Amendment, which requires warrants for searches and seizures. Non-compliance could lead to suppression of evidence or civil suits.
Book Reference Peak, K. J. (2015). Policing America C.docx
Book Reference
Peak, K. J. (2015). Policing America: Challenges and Best Practices (8th ed). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
(Courtesy mikeledray!Shutterstock.)
5 Criminallnvestigation
The Science of Sleuthing
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
As a result of reading this chapter, the student will be able to:
0 Distinguish between forensic science and criminalistics
f) Understand the origins of criminalistics as well as the types of information
that physical evidence can provide
8 Compare anthropometry and dactylography
0 Explain how Bertillon, Locard, Vollmer, and others contributed to the
development of criminal investigation techniques
0 Describe the kinds of qualities that detectives and undercover officers
need to possess
125
~
0 Delineate the functions of medical examiners and coroners
G Explain the basic functions of the polygraph and its legal status in the
courts
(i) Describe how DNA analysis operates (including a new approach, using
familial DNA) as well as recent developments and some legal and policy
issues concerning its use
f) Explain the contributions of social networking sites to criminal
investigations
41!> Describe the purpose and operation of a cold case squad
4D Clarify whether or not there is a "CSI effect" relating to criminal cases
0 Relate the contributions of dogs to the investigative process
Introduction
The challenges involved with investigating crimes may well be characterized by a quote from Ludwig
Wittgenstein: "How hard I find it to see what is right in front of my eyes I" Investigating crimes has
indeed become a complicated art as well as a science, as will be seen in this chapter.
The art of sleuthing has long fascinated the American public. People appear to be completely enthralled
with anything involving forensics and criminal psychoses (e.g., CSL Dexter, Criminal Minds), as well
as the exploits of detectives as they pursue serial killers (e.g., Silence of the Lambs, Se7en) Nor is this
public interest in sleuthing a recent phenomenon: for decades, Americans have feasted on the exploits
of dozens of fictional masterminds and detectives in books and movies, such as Arthur Conan Doyle's
Sherlock Holmes, Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple, and Clint Eastwood's Detective
"Dirty Harry" Callahan, to name a few.
In reality, investigative work is largely misunderstood, often boring, and overrated; it results in arrests
only a fraction of the time; and it relies strongly on the assistance of witnesses and even some luck.
Nonetheless, the related fields of forensic science and criminalistics are the most rapidly developing
areas of policing- and probably in all of criminal justice This is an exciting time to be in the investiga-
tive or forensic disciplines.
This chapter begins by defining forensic science and criminalistics and by looking at their origins;
included is a brief discussion of crime scenes. Then we review the ev ...
Research and explain the deviant actions of the Los Angeles Police D.pdf
Research and explain the deviant actions of the Los Angeles Police Department’s Rampart
CRASH unit during the late 1990s. Did socialization and culture of the unit have a role within
the officer’s deviant behaviors? As a member of the CRASH team, what would have been your
course of action after observing the illegal conduct? submit your answer in 3-5 pages.
Solution
Traditional definitions of police misconduct, especially Apolice corruption,@ are imprecise. In
the past, police scholars have classified acts of police misconduct as Apolice corruption,@
Apolice brutality,@ and Adrug-related misconduct.@ We found, however, that these
classifications are not mutually exclusive, and that determining whether profit-motivated
criminality by police officers involved jobrelated police corruption frequently is impossible. -
Involuntary separations are rare. Separations for cause from the New York City Police
Department (through dismissals, terminations, and forced resignations and retirements) are
infrequent events. Only two percent of the officers employed by the NYPD during the 22 years
(1975-96) we studied were involuntarily separated from the department. - Pre-employment
history matters. Officers whose life histories include records of arrest, traffic violations, and
failure in other jobs are more likely than other officers to be involuntarily separated from the
NYPD. - Education and training matter. Officers who hold associate or higher degrees are less
likely than those who do not to be involuntarily separated. Those who do well in the Police
Academy=s recruit training program are less likely than marginal recruits to be separated as
unsatisfactory probationers. Subsequently, they also are less likely to be involuntarily separated
for cause after successful completion of their probationary periods. - Diversity matters. As the
NYPD has become more diverse, it has become better behaved. We found a very strong inverse
correlation (r=-.71; r2 .50) between the percentage of white male NYPD officers and the
department=s annual rate of involuntary separations. - Race still matters, but apparently only for
black officers: As the representation of Hispanic and Asian officers in the NYPD has increased,
their involuntary separation rates have decreased and become virtually indistinguishable from
those of white officers. Black officers= representation in the NYPD remained relatively flat
during the years studied. Black officers= involuntary separation rates have also decreased, but
remain higher than those for other racial groups. This document is a research report submitted to
the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions
or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official
position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Fyfe and Kane -- xiii The study reaches
these conclusions after examining the life and career histories of all 1,543 officers who were
dis.
Six Major Causes Of Wrongful Conviction
The document discusses six major causes of wrongful conviction:
1. Eyewitness misidentification is the leading cause, responsible for 72% of wrongful convictions overturned by DNA evidence. Eyewitness identification is unreliable due to the malleability of human memory.
2. Unreliable or improper forensic science techniques and forensic scientist misconduct have also led to wrongful convictions. Most forensic techniques have not been thoroughly scientifically evaluated.
3. False confessions, which are sometimes coerced, have also contributed to wrongful convictions.
LawofPolicing
This document provides information about an upcoming conference on The Law of Policing to be held on June 2-3, 2015 in Toronto. The conference will feature presentations and workshops on current legal issues facing police forces. Speakers will discuss topics such as oversight of police from agencies like the OIPRD and SIU, collaboration between police and health services, managing mental health issues among police officers, use of force guidelines, privacy and access to information laws, the use of cameras by police, and police discipline processes. The goal is to provide police, lawyers and other professionals with knowledge of best practices and advice for addressing important legal and operational challenges facing police organizations. Registration information is provided.
199408.pdf
This document provides guidelines for law enforcement on examining digital evidence. It discusses developing policies and procedures, assessing evidence, acquiring evidence while maintaining integrity, examining evidence, and documenting examination results. The intended audience is law enforcement officers responsible for digital evidence examination. It is not mandatory but offers best practices to help agencies develop their own policies. The guidelines emphasize maintaining evidence integrity during collection and examination.
BackgroundA significant criminal event may occur at any place an.docx
Background
A significant criminal event may occur at any place and at any time. The size of the jurisdiction does not dictate the scope and scale of the incident. It is perfectly possible, even predictable, that investigative needs will be beyond the resources and/or sophistication of a local law enforcement agency. In such cases, one option is to expand the resources available through multiagency collaboration and cooperation (e.g., a task force). However, regardless of who or how many investigative resources are brought to bear on an incident, the parent agency remains responsible for the successful outcome of the criminal investigation.
Project Setting
Acting as a subject matter expert on criminal investigation, you have been asked to assist in the creation of a simulation exercise of a multijurisdictional criminal investigation. Some of the preliminary work has already been completed. Your specific task is to compile the post investigation review document (rubric) to be used by exercise assessors in their evaluation of the quality of the criminal investigation. This is what you know:
A series of 11 random explosions have occurred in an area that traverses two states, and a total of seven counties (five counties in one state and two counties in the other state), embracing a total of nine cities and incorporated towns. The explosions resulted in five deaths, 32 injuries, and significant property damage. In each case, the explosion was detonated remotely. The lead investigative agency is the Virtual, Maryland, Police Department, because the first three explosions occurred within its jurisdiction. VPD has about 100 sworn personnel, including 17 all-purpose detective investigators. It has a certified forensic laboratory for rudimentary analysis, staffed by credentialed civilians. Ultimately, two suspects were identified and apprehended, one adult male and one teenage (minor) male. Statements were made by each, resulting in investigative searches and seizures of forensic evidence. Both subjects eventually confessed to their respective and collective parts in the crimes.
Assessors in the simulation exercise will be debriefing the role players as to their actions; their understanding of the legal basis, purpose, and advantages and disadvantages of their investigative strategies; and the conduct of the investigation. The assessors have already come up with a series of questions for the participants. You have been asked to provide the "model" answer against which the responses of the participants will be graded.
Following are the questions to be posed by the simulation exercise assessors to the investigators:
Investigative Task Force
Assuming that legal authority was not an issue, should this investigation be conducted by VPD personnel or a multijurisdictional task force?
At what point should the potential of establishing an investigative task force be considered?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of an investigative task force?
Who, ...
COMPSTATITS ORIGINS, EVOLUTION, AND FUTURE IN LAW ENFOR.docx
COMPSTAT:
ITS ORIGINS, EVOLUTION, AND FUTURE
IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Bureau of Justice Assistance
Police Executive Research Forum
Bureau of Justice Assistance
U.S. Department of Justice
COMPSTAT:
ITS ORIGINS, EVOLUTION, AND FUTURE
IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Bureau of Justice Assistance
Police Executive Research Forum
Copyright 2013 by Police Executive Research Forum, Washington, DC 20036
All rights reserved.
The points of view expressed herein are the authors’ and do not necessarily
represent the opinions of the Bureau of Justice Assistance or individual
Police Executive Research Forum members.
Printed in the United States of America
ISBN: 978-1-934485-23-1
Cover and text page design by Dave Williams.
Compstat: Its Origins, Evolution, and Future
In Law Enforcement Agencies
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................... v
FOREWORD ..........................................................................................................................................vii
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................1
WHAT IS COMPSTAT AND HOW DID IT DEVELOP? ......................................................................2
What Is Compstat? ................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Compstat Emerges at NYPD ................................................................................................................................................ 3
Compstat Is Adopted by Other Law Enforcement Agencies ........................................................................................... 6
Compstat Is Adopted by Non-Law Enforcement Agencies ............................................................................................. 6
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT COMPSTAT TODAY?.......................................................................8
The Case for Compstat .......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Compstat Must Be a Clear, Purposeful Strategy ................................................................................................................ 8
Compstat Is More Than a Meeting ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Compstat Is Flexible and Can Accelerate Organizational Change .................................................................................. 9
Organizational Change in Three Agencies: Chicago; Clearwater, FL; and Camden, NJ .......................................... 12
Compstat Increases Accountability ........................................
I. Police Psychology: Operational Assistance (1-183) 1988
#FederalBureauofInvestigation | #BehavioralSciencesInstructionandResearchUnit
I. Police Psychology: Operational Assistance (1-183)
TABLE OF CONTENTS (PART I)
9 Routine Mental Health Checkups and Activities
for Law Enforcement Personnel Involved in Dealing with Hostage and Terrorist Incidents by #Psychologist
#Trainer #Consultant
21 The Competency and Credibility of Children as
witnesses
51 Evaluations of the Effectiveness of Police Training
Involving Psychology
87 The Expanding Role of the Police Department: #Stressors and #Solutions for the NewAgents of SocialChange
131 The Application of Neuro-Linguistic #Programming
as a Communication #strategy in Hostage/Barricaded
Crises
137 Two Suggestions for Improving Performance of
Hostage #Negotiation Teams
159 Identifying Characteristics of Hostage Negotiators, and Using Personality Data to Develop a Selection
Model
173 Police Psycholo~J: #Influencing #organizational
Character
Killer-Content |
#Stigma; SH-IT-'stics
An SEO review of the Chasing-the-Wind tagline landed me on some real-life Criminal Minds | BAU content from 1988. It's likely a readily available research paper, but rabbithole web dives are rarely this fruitful and I feel it is shareworthy.
Enjoy. Or not.
LoveThisStuff!
Twenty-20-Times
168 Public Administration Review • March April 2017Publi
This document summarizes research on investigatory police stops and how they contribute to racial disparities and a crisis of legitimacy in American policing. It finds that investigatory stops, where officers stop people to check for criminal activity without evidence of a violation, are a major source of racial disparities. Data shows that African Americans are disproportionately subject to these stops and the intrusive questioning and searches that often accompany them. While meant to fight crime, these widespread investigatory stops undermine trust in the police, especially among African Americans. The authors argue policy and practice reforms are needed, like requiring documentation of all stops, to address this institutional problem beyond a focus on individual officer behavior alone.
168 Public Administration Review • March April 2017Publi
168 Public Administration Review • March | April 2017
Public Administration Review,
Vol. 77, Iss. 2, pp. 168–178. © 2016 by
The American Society for Public Administration.
DOI: 10.1111/puar.12702.
Beyond Profiling:
The Institutional Sources of Racial Disparities in Policing
Donald Haider-Markel is professor
and chair of political science at the
University of Kansas. His research and
teaching is focused on the representation
of interests in the policy process and the
dynamics between public opinion, political
behavior, and public policy.
E-mail: [email protected]
Steven Maynard-Moody is professor
in the School of Public Affairs and
Administration and director of the Institute
for Policy and Social Research at the
University of Kansas. He is coauthor, with
Charles Epp and Donald Haider-Markel, of
Pulled Over: How Police Stops Define Race
and Citizenship (University of Chicago,
2014). With Michael Musheno, his current
research and writing extends the theoretical
frame first expressed in their book Cops,
Teachers, Counselors: Stories from the
Front Lines of Public Service (University of
Michigan Press, 2003).
E-mail: [email protected]
Charles R. Epp is University
Distinguished Professor in the School
of Public Affairs and Administration at
the University of Kansas. He is author of
three books published by the University
of Chicago Press, including Making Rights
Real (2009) on police reform and Pulled
Over: How Police Stops Define Race and
Citizenship (2014), with the coauthors of
this article, on racial disparities in police
stops.
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract : American policing faces a crisis of legitimacy. A key source of this crisis is a widespread police practice
commonly endorsed by police leaders to fight crime. This is the investigatory stop, used to check out people who seem
suspicious and to seize illegal drugs and guns and make arrests. Using data from an original scientific survey of
drivers in the Kansas City metropolitan area, the authors show that racial disparities in police stops are concentrated
in investigatory vehicle stops. In these stops, but not others, officers disproportionately stop African Americans and
question and search them. The overwhelming majority of people stopped in this way are innocent, and the experience
causes psychological harm and erodes trust in and cooperation with the police. Many of the most controversial police
shootings during the past two years occurred in these stops. Reforming this practice is an essential step toward restoring
trust in the police.
Practitioner Points
• Although evidence of their effectiveness is not clear, investigatory police stops (commonly using minor
violations as a pretext for a more searching inquiry) are widely used by local police departments as a crime-
fighting tactic.
• Most people stopped in investigatory stops are innocent, yet they ar ...
168 public administration review • march april 2017 publi
This document discusses racial disparities in policing, specifically investigatory police stops. It argues that racial disparities stem not just from individual racist officers, but from institutional policies and practices, such as widespread use of investigatory stops. Investigatory stops are used to check out suspicious people or vehicles to see if they are engaged in criminal activity, but most people stopped are innocent. These stops undermine trust in police, especially among African Americans who are disproportionately subjected to them. Reforming this practice is key to restoring trust in law enforcement.
Paper#1 Lineups, Show-ups, and Photographic Arrays Before.docx
Paper#1
Lineups, Show-ups, and Photographic Arrays
Before the law enforcement officials made use of forensic evidence as means to combat criminal activity and catch criminal offenders, the primary sources used by police officers were the lineups, show-ups, and photo array. Show-ups are the identification method where the suspect is presented to the victim of the crime, which differs from the photo array (Cicchini, 2010). These techniques were built to have a great foundation, and were based on the eyewitness account of the victim but are not perfect. Previous research has proved that eyewitness identification can be unreliable and has been the leading cause of wrongful convictions (Cicchini, 2010). Perhaps, the specific nature of the crime can cause a victim to mistakenly identify the suspect, thus leading to a wrongful conviction. Courts need to take into consideration the witness’s capacity to observe the crime and whether the witness was impaired by stress or fright, personal biases, visual defects, fatigue, injury, drugs, alcohol at the time of the visual observation (Cicchini, 2010). If a vicious crime took place, then the victim may not have the proper frame of mind to correctly identify the suspect. Forensic evidence can then provide police officers a more definitive tool to correctly identify criminal suspects. Forensic investigators have been known to identify suspects by using a single strand of fiber taken from the crime scene (Saferstein, 2020). I would argue that the show-ups, photo arrays, and lineups should only be used in cases where no forensic evidence can be used to identify a suspect but are far less superior to forensic evidence.
References
Cicchini, M. D., & Easton, J. G. (2010). Reforming the law on show-up identifications.
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
,
100
(2), 381+.
https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A238353109/AONE?u=tel_a_bethelc&sid=AONE&xid=013f8cdb
Saferstein R., & Roy T. (2020).
Criminalistics
. [Savant Learning Systems]. Retrieved from
https://savantlearningsystems.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780135268407/
Paper#2
Occasionally, a patrol officer will use a technique such as a show-up when there is a cooperative witness of a crime who very clearly witnessed the incident occur, and officers have a suspect in custody who accurately matches the description given by their dispatch. I have personally seen this happen two, or three times in my four years of being a police officer and it is a rare occurrence. When people watch shows such as CSI or anything with law enforcement investigations in it, they are generally under the perception that reality works the exact same. I have been to calls where an unlocked vehicle had been gone through and a had items stolen out of it, during calls like this is when a victim will sometimes ask if we are going to fingerprint the door handles to identify the suspect. Unfortunately, as fingerprinting on a scene is still a tool law enforcement has the capabilitie.
CJ-4880 Police Brutality Increase in the unjustified .docx
CJ-4880
Police Brutality: Increase in the unjustified use of force or in media coverage?
Introduction
Presently there has been an increase in attention on police forces around the United
States. It isn’t specifically centered in the areas typically known for crime or rogue police
officers, but it has hit home in the backyards of everyday Americans. These occasions of police
exercising force against citizens is plastering the media, and the coverage is endless. But the
question is about whether these officers are exercising their right to use force unjustly and truly
bringing fear into the hearts of Americans? Or is it the endless media coverage forcing it into the
lives of the people and using unsubstantiated facts to bring unnecessary damage to the officers
involved, the victims, and the general public? To answer these questions it is necessary to dive
into the minds of everyday citizens and the pure facts. This study intends to survey members of
the general public with specific age ranges with questions designed to provide information about
the perceptions of citizens and how they feel about police and the possibility of the increasing
occurrences of police brutality.
The Questions
Has police brutality truly increased and become a serious problem for the United States?
Are the officers who were meant to be serving and protecting destroying the trust in the police
forces? Or is the massive reach of the television giants reaching unjustified into the homes and
giving the public an incorrect assumption about the police? Few studies have directly answered
the above questions with most studies focusing on specific races in correlation of police brutality
and other focusing on rogue officers. This study is to focus on the possible correlation between
media coverage and the pubic believing that police brutality has increased. While the main
question is to determine whether the media has a direct effect on the opinion of officers, it is also
important to determine the facts about police brutality and bring those facts to the American
people to either change their perceptions or change the police. Those involved in this study will
play an important part to help the public reach an understanding about the facts of police
brutality and regain some trust in the law enforcement on the local and national levels.
Literature Review
The history of police brutality is deep and Americans are well versed in the stories of
Rodney King, Malice Green, and presently Michael Brown. Study after study has been
completed on police officers and racial discrimination but very few have focuses on the media
aspect. Police brutality is loosely defined as unethical behavior of a certified police officer who
uses excessive use of force, up to and including death. Public scrutiny of police use of force is
unavoidable (Alpert, 2009) The American public is expecting these officers to do their jobs with ...
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