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@ C C Z O N A
C O N S E Q U E N C E S O F A N
I N S I G H T F U L A L G O R I T H M
C A R I N A C . Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
infertility
sex shaming
miscarriage
bullying
stalking

grief
PTSD
segregation
racial profiling
white supremacy
holocaust
CONTENT WARNING
@ C C Z O N A
ALGORITHMS 

IMPOSE
CONSEQUENCES 

ON PEOPLE 

ALL THE TIME
@ C C Z O N A
PATTERNS OF
INSTRUCTIONS,
ARTICULATED IN
CODE OR FORMULAS
A L G O R I T H M S O F C O M P U T E R S C I E N C E & M AT H E M AT I C S
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
STEP-BY-STEP SET OF
OPERATIONS FOR 

PREDICTABLY ARRIVING
AT AN OUTCOME
A L G O R I T H M
@ C C Z O N A
PATTERNS OF
INSTRUCTIONS,
ARTICULATED IN
WAYS SUCH AS…
A L G O R I T H M S I N O R D I N A RY L I F E
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
Ch 12, sl st to join. Rnd 1: ch 3, 17 dc. Rnd 2: ch 3, 1 dc, ch 4,
skip 1 dc, *2 dc, ch 4, skip 1 dc*, repeat 5 times, sl st. Rnd 3:
ch 3, 2 dc, ch 5, skip 2 ch and 1 dc, *3 dc, ch 5, skip 2 ch and
1 dc*, repeat 5 times, sl st. Rnd 4: ch 3, 3 dc, ch 5, skip 3 ch
and 1 dc, *4 dc, ch 5, skip 3 ch and 1 dc*, repeat 5 times, sl
st. Rnd 5: ch 3, 4 dc, ch 6, skip 3 ch and 1 dc, *5 dc, ch 6, skip
3 ch and 1 dc*, repeat 5 times, sl st. Rnd 6: ch 3, 6 dc, ch 6,
skip 3 ch and 1 dc, *7 dc, ch 6, skip 3 ch and 1 dc*, repeat 5
times, sl st. Rnd 7: ch 3, 8 dc, ch 6, skip 3 ch and 1 dc, *9 dc,
ch 6, skip 3 ch and 1 dc*, repeat 5 times, sl st. Rnd 8: ch 3, 10
dc, ch 6, skip 3 ch and 1 dc, *11 dc, ch 6, skip 3 ch and 1 dc*,
repeat 5 times, sl st .Rnd 9: ch 3, 12 dc, ch 6, skip 3 ch and 1
dc, *13 dc, ch 6, skip 3 ch and 1 dc*, repeat 5 times, sl st.
Rnd 10: ch 3, 14 dc, ch 7, skip 3 ch and 1 dc, *15 dc, ch 7,
skip 3 ch and 1 dc*, repeat 5 times, sl st. Rnd 11: ch 3, 16 dc,
ch 7, skip 4 ch and 1 dc, *17 dc, ch 7, skip 4 ch and 1 dc*,
repeat 5 times, sl st. Rnd 12: ch 3, 18 dc, ch 8, skip 4 ch and 1
dc, *19 dc, ch 8, skip 4 ch and 1 dc*, repeat 5 times, sl st.
Rnd 13: ch 3, 20 dc, ch 8, skip 5 ch and 1 dc, *21 dc, ch 8,
skip 5 ch and 1 dc*, repeat 5 times, sl st. Rnd 14: ch 3, 16 dc,
ch 8, skip 3 dc and 2 ch, 1 dc, ch 8, skip 1 dc, *17 dc, ch 8,
skip 3 dc and 2 ch, 1 dc, ch 8, skip 1 dc,* repeat 5 times, sl st.
@ C C Z O N A
The exhaustive rendering of our
conscious and unconscious patterns
into data sets and algorithms.
P R E D I C T I V E A N A LY T I C S
—Charles Duhigg
@ C C Z O N A
ALGORITHMS FOR
FAST, TRAINABLE,
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL
NETWORKS
D E E P L E A R N I N G
@ C C Z O N A
INPUT
Words, images, sounds,
objects, or abstract concepts
EXECUTION
Run a series of functions
repeatedly in a black box
OUTPUT
Prediction of properties useful
for drawing intuitions about
similar future inputs
@ C C Z O N A
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK'S
AUTOMATED DISCOVERY
OF PATTERNS WITHIN 

A TRAINING DATASET
APPLIES DISCOVERIES 

TO DRAW INTUITIONS 

ABOUT FUTURE DATA
D E E P L E A R N I N G
@ C C Z O N A
– P e t e Wa rd e n
" T H I N K O F T H E M A S 

D E C I S I O N - M A K I N G 

B L A C K B O X E S . "
@ C C Z O N A
Medical Diagnosing
Pharmaceutical Development
Emotion Detection
Predictive Text
Face Identification
Voice-Activated Commands
Fraud Detection
Sentiment Analysis
Translating Text
Video Content Recognition
Self-Driving Cars
@ C C Z O N A
Ad Targeting
Behavioral Prediction
Recommendation Systems
Image Classification
Face Recognition
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
#DataMiningFail
Algorithmic
Profiling
De-
Anonymization
Black Box
Disparate
Impact
Consent

Issues
Replicates

Bias
Personally
Identifiable Info
Human
Complexity Fail
Unproven
Methods
Inadvertent
Algorithmic
Cruelty
Uncritical
Assumptions
False

Neutrality
High Risk
Consequences
Deception Filtering
Moved Fast, 

Broke Things
Invasion Of
Privacy
No Recourse
Creepy

Stalkery
Messing With
Heads
Not How Valid
Research Works
Data

Insecurity
Accurate, But 

Not Right
Shaming
Diversity

Fail
#DataMiningFail
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🔵Algorithmic
Profiling
De-
Anonymization
Black Box
Disparate
Impact
Consent

Issues
Replicates

Bias
Personally
Identifiable Info
Human
Complexity Fail
Unproven
Methods
Inadvertent
Algorithmic
Cruelty
Uncritical
Assumptions
False

Neutrality
High Risk
Consequences
Deception Filtering
Moved Fast, 

Broke Things
Invasion Of
Privacy
No Recourse
Creepy

Stalkery
Messing With
Heads
Not How Valid
Research Works
Data

Insecurity
Accurate, But 

Not Right
Shaming
Diversity

Fail
TA R G E T
@ C C Z O N A
“IF WE WANTED TO FIGURE OUT

IF A CUSTOMER IS PREGNANT,
EVEN IF SHE
DIDN’T WANT US TO KNOW, 

CAN YOU DO THAT? ”
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
‟As long as a pregnant
woman thinks she hasn’t
been spied on… 

as long as we don’t
spook her, it works.”
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Algorithmic
Profiling
De-
Anonymization
Black Box
Disparate
Impact
Consent

Issues
Replicates

Bias
Personally
Identifiable Info
Human
Complexity Fail
Unproven
Methods
Inadvertent
Algorithmic
Cruelty
Uncritical
Assumptions
False

Neutrality
High Risk
Consequences
Deception Filtering
Moved Fast, 

Broke Things
Invasion Of
Privacy
No Recourse
Creepy

Stalkery
Messing With
Heads
Not How Valid
Research Works
Data

Insecurity
Accurate, But 

Not Right
Shaming
Diversity

Fail
S H U T T E R F LY
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
‟Thanks, Shutterfly, for 

the congratulations on my
'new bundle of joy'. 

I'm horribly infertile,
but hey,
I'm adopting 

a kitten,

so...”
@ C C Z O N A
‟ I l o s t a b a b y i n
N o v e m b e r w h o
w o u l d h a v e b e e n
d u e t h i s w e e k .
I t w a s l i k e     

h i t t i n g a w a l l 

a l l o v e r
a g a i n … ˮ
@ C C Z O N A
‟ T H E I N T E N T O F T H E 

E M A I L WA S T O TA R G E T
C U S T O M E R S W H O
H AV E R E C E N T LY
H A D A B A B Y "
@ C C Z O N A
‟You start imagining who 

they'll become and dreaming 

of hopes for their future.
You start making plans.
And then they're gone.
It's a lonely experience."
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Algorithmic
Profiling
De-
Anonymization
Black Box
Disparate
Impact
Consent

Issues
Replicates

Bias
Personally
Identifiable Info
Human
Complexity Fail
Unproven
Methods
Inadvertent
Algorithmic
Cruelty
Uncritical
Assumptions
False

Neutrality
High Risk
Consequences
Deception Filtering
Moved Fast, 

Broke Things
Invasion Of
Privacy
No Recourse
Creepy

Stalkery
Messing With
Heads
Not How Valid
Research Works
Data

Insecurity
Accurate, But 

Not Right
Shaming
Diversity

Fail
FA C E B O O K 

Y E A R I N R E V I E W
@ C C Z O N A
The result of code that
works in the overwhelming
majority of cases but
doesn’t take other use
cases into account.
I N A D V E R T E N T A L G O R I T H M I C C R U E LT Y
—Eric Meyer
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
‟ I N C R E A S E A WA R E N E S S O F 

A N D C O N S I D E R AT I O N F O R 

T H E FA I L U R E M O D E S 

T H E E D G E C A S E S 

T H E W O R S T- C A S E
S C E N A R I O S
– E r i c M e y e r
@ C C Z O N A
BEHUMBLE.WECANNOTINTUIT

INNERSTATE,EMOTIONS,

PRIVATESUBJECTIVITY
— C a r i n a C . Z o n a
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
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🔵
Algorithmic
Profiling
De-
Anonymization
Black Box
Disparate
Impact
Consent

Issues
Replicates

Bias
Personally
Identifiable Info
Human
Complexity Fail
Unproven
Methods
Inadvertent
Algorithmic
Cruelty
Uncritical
Assumptions
False

Neutrality
High Risk
Consequences
Deception Filtering
Moved Fast, 

Broke Things
Invasion Of
Privacy
No Recourse
Creepy

Stalkery
Messing With
Heads
Not How Valid
Research Works
Data

Insecurity
Accurate, But 

Not Right
Shaming
Diversity

Fail
F I T B I T
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
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Algorithmic
Profiling
De-
Anonymization
Black Box
Disparate
Impact
Consent

Issues
Replicates

Bias
Personally
Identifiable Info
Human
Complexity Fail
Unproven
Methods
Inadvertent
Algorithmic
Cruelty
Uncritical
Assumptions
False

Neutrality
High Risk
Consequences
Deception Filtering
Moved Fast, 

Broke Things
Invasion Of
Privacy
No Recourse
Creepy

Stalkery
Messing With
Heads
Not How Valid
Research Works
Data

Insecurity
Accurate, But 

Not Right
Shaming
Diversity

Fail
U B E R
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
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Algorithmic
Profiling
De-
Anonymization
Black Box
Disparate
Impact
Consent

Issues
Replicates

Bias
Personally
Identifiable Info
Human
Complexity Fail
Unproven
Methods
Inadvertent
Algorithmic
Cruelty
Uncritical
Assumptions
False

Neutrality
High Risk
Consequences
Deception Filtering
Moved Fast, 

Broke Things
Invasion Of
Privacy
No Recourse
Creepy

Stalkery
Messing With
Heads
Not How Valid
Research Works
Data

Insecurity
Accurate, But 

Not Right
Shaming
Diversity

Fail
G O O G L E
A D W O R D S
@ C C Z O N A
Amy
Claire
Emma
Katelyn
Katie
Madeline
Molly
Aaliyah
Diamond
Ebony
Imani
Latanya
Nia
Shanice
Cody
Connor
Dustin
Jack
Luke
Tanner
Wyatt
Darnell
DeShawn
Malik
Marquis
Terrell
Trevon
Tyrone
G O O G L E A D W O R D S
PLACEHOLDER@ C C Z O N A
PLACEHOLDER
PLACEHOLDERA BLACK IDENTIFYING NAME WAS 

25% MORE LIKELY

TO RESULT IN AN AD THAT I M P L I E D A N 

ARREST RECORD
G O O G L E A D W O R D S
@ C C Z O N A
G O O G L E A D W O R D S
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🔵Algorithmic
Profiling
De-
Anonymization
Black Box
Disparate
Impact
Consent

Issues
Replicates

Bias
Personally
Identifiable Info
Human
Complexity Fail
Unproven
Methods
Inadvertent
Algorithmic
Cruelty
Uncritical
Assumptions
False

Neutrality
High Risk
Consequences
Deception Filtering
Moved Fast, 

Broke Things
Invasion Of
Privacy
No Recourse
Creepy

Stalkery
Messing With
Heads
Not How Valid
Research Works
Data

Insecurity
Accurate, But 

Not Right
Shaming
Diversity

Fail
@ C C Z O N A
Classifying people as “similar”,
where careless prompts create
scenarios harder to control 

and prepare for.
A C C I D E N TA L A L G O R I T H M I C R U N - I N S
—adapted from Joanne McNeil
@ C C Z O N A
A L G O R I T H M I C H U B R I S
@ C C Z O N A
"If you are stalked by a former
coworker, Twitter may reinforce
this connection, algorithmically
boxing you into a past while
you are trying to move on. 

Your affinity score with your
harasser will grow higher with
every person who follows this
person at Twitter’s
recommendation."
T W I T T E R - W H O T O F O L L O W
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Algorithmic
Profiling
De-
Anonymization
Black Box
Disparate
Impact
Consent

Issues
Replicates

Bias
Personally
Identifiable Info
Human
Complexity Fail
Unproven
Methods
Inadvertent
Algorithmic
Cruelty
Uncritical
Assumptions
False

Neutrality
High Risk
Consequences
Deception Filtering
Moved Fast, 

Broke Things
Invasion Of
Privacy
No Recourse
Creepy

Stalkery
Messing With
Heads
Not How Valid
Research Works
Data

Insecurity
Accurate, But 

Not Right
Shaming
Diversity

Fail
@ C C Z O N A
I P H O T O FA C E D E T E C T I O N
@ C C Z O N A
M I C R O S O F T H O W - O L D . N E T
@ C C Z O N A
F L I C K R M A G I C V I E W A U T O - TA G G I N G
@ C C Z O N A
F L I C K R M A G I C V I E W A U T O - TA G G I N G
@ C C Z O N A
G O O G L E P H O T O S A U T O - C AT E G O R I Z I N G
@ C C Z O N A
S H I R L E Y C A R D S
@ C C Z O N A
The tools used to make film,
b y M o n t ré A z a M i s s o u r i
@ C C Z O N A
not
are
the science of it,
racially
neutral
S H I R L E Y C A R D S
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Algorithmic
Profiling
De-
Anonymization
Black Box
Disparate
Impact
Consent

Issues
Replicates

Bias
Personally
Identifiable Info
Human
Complexity Fail
Unproven
Methods
Inadvertent
Algorithmic
Cruelty
Uncritical
Assumptions
False

Neutrality
High Risk
Consequences
Deception Filtering
Moved Fast, 

Broke Things
Invasion Of
Privacy
No Recourse
Creepy

Stalkery
Messing With
Heads
Not How Valid
Research Works
Data

Insecurity
Accurate, But 

Not Right
Shaming
Diversity

Fail
@ C C Z O N A
A L G O R I T H M S A R E G AT E K E E P E R S
Credit Housing Jobs
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
IF A MACHINE IS EXPECTED TO BE
INFALLIBLE
IT CANNOT ALSO BE
INTELLIGENT— A l a n Tu r i n g
@ C C Z O N A
!=I R L F R I E N D S FA C E B O O K F R I E N D S
@ C C Z O N A
F R I E N D S
F I N A N C E S
— i l l u s t r a t i o n b y S u s i e C a g l e
@ C C Z O N A
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UNDERLYING
ASSUMPTIONS
INFLUENCE
OUTCOMES
AND
CONSEQUENCES @ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
— H e n r y D a v i d T h o re a u
“ T H E U N I V E R S E I S W I D E R
T H A N O U R V I E W S O F I T ”
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
OUR INDUSTRY IS 

IN AN ARMS RACE
@ C C Z O N A
Amazon
Apple
AT&T
Baidu
DARPA
Dropbox
eBay
Facebook
Flickr
Google
IBM
Microsoft
Netflix
Pandora
PayPal
Pinterest
Skype
Snapchat
Spotify
Tesla
Twitter
Yahoo
Uber
@ C C Z O N A
MOREPRECISE

INCORRECTNESS
MORE

DAMAGING

INWRONGNESS
@ C C Z O N A
FLIPPING THE
PARADIGM
@ C C Z O N A
CONSIDER
DECISIONS'
POTENTIAL
IMPACTS
F L I P P I N G T H E PA R A D I G M
A C M C o d e o f E t h i c s
1
@ C C Z O N A
•PROJECT THE LIKELIHOOD OF
CONSEQUENCES
•MINIMIZE NEGATIVE
CONSEQUENCES
E VA L U AT E P O T E N T I A L I M PA C T S
@ C C Z O N A
FIRST DO NO
HARM
@ C C Z O N A
BE HONEST
BE TRUSTWORTHY
F L I P P I N G T H E PA R A D I G M
A C M C o d e o f E t h i c s
2
@ C C Z O N A
BUILD IN
RECOURSE
F L I P P I N G T H E PA R A D I G M
A C M C o d e o f E t h i c s
@ C C Z O N A
FULLY DISCLOSE
LIMITATIONS.
CALL ATTENTION TO
SIGNS OF RISK OF HARM.
F L I P P I N G T H E PA R A D I G M
3
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
BE VISIONARY
ABOUT
COUNTERING BIAS
F L I P P I N G T H E PA R A D I G M
4
@ C C Z O N A
ANTICIPATE
DIVERSE WAYS
TO SCREW UP
E M PAT H E T I C C O D E R S
5
@ C C Z O N A
W E M U S T H A V E
D E C I S I O N - M A K I N G
A U T H O R I T Y 

I N T H E H A N D S O F
H I G H LY 

D I V E R S E 

T E A M S
@ C C Z O N A
The point of culture fit is to
avoid disruption of groupthink
@ C C Z O N A
Unidimensional variety

is not diversity
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
AUDIT
OUTCOMES

CONSTANTLY
F L I P P I N G T H E PA R A D I G M
6
@ C C Z O N A
@ C C Z O N A
AUDIT OUTCOMES CONSTANTLY
@ C C Z O N A
AUDIT OUTCOMES CONSTANTLY