2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2. 1. CLASIFICACIÓN DOS SISTEMAS MATERIAIS
A materia podemos clasificala en :
Substancias puras e en mesturas.
Substancia pura:
Unha substancia pura é aquela que non se pode descompoñer noutras máis
sinxelas por métodos físicos. Está formada por un só compoñente. As
substancias puras clasifícanse en:
- Compostos: están formados pola unión química de átomos de distintos
elementos. Poden transformarse noutras substancias puras por procedementos
químicos: Electrólise, decomposición térmica…
H2O: auga
N2: nitróxeno
CH4: metano
Ca: rede de calcio
- Elementos: Están formados pola unión de átomos iguais.
3. Mesturas:
Unha mestura está formada por varias substancias que se poden separar por métodos
físicos sinxelos: (filtración,decantación, separación magnética,
destilación,cristalización, ...
As mesturas poden ser:
- Mesturas homoxéneas(DISOLUCIÓNS): cando non se distinguen os
compoñentes.
1. CLASIFICACIÓN DOS SISTEMAS MATERIAIS(Cont)
A auga do mar
granito
- Mesturas heteroxéneas: cando podemos distinguir os compoñentes.
4. CLASIFICACIÓN DOS SISTEMAS MATERIAIS
SUBSTANCIAS PURAS MESTURAS
COMPOSTOS
ELEMENTOS MESTURAS
HOMOXENEA
MESTURAS
HETEROXENEA
Area e Ferro
CuSO4
Galena
(PbS)
Xofre (S)
Disolución
Bronce
Area e
grava
Vexamos un esquema onde se clasifican os
sistemas materiais, fíxate nos exemplos
Diamante (C)
5. DISOLUCIÓNS
• Unha disolución é unha mestura homoxénea e
estable de dúas ou máis substancias.
Compoñentes:
1.-DISOLVENTE o compoñente en maior
proporción.
2.-SOLUTO , compoñente en menor
proporción na mestura.
6. Clasificación das disolucións
• Segúndo o estado de agregación dos seus
compoñentes:
Solido-líquido: sal+auga.
Líquido-líquido:viño(alcohol+auga).
Líquido-gas: gasosa(auga +CO2).
Sólido-sólido:aleacións.
Gas-gas: aire.
Sólido-gas : fume
8. Formas de expresar a concentración.
disolución
de
litros
de
º
n
soluto
de
gramos
º
n
g/l
100
disolución
de
masa
soluto
de
gramos
º
n
% en masa
100
disolución
de
Volume
soluto
de
Volume
% en Volume
9. Formas de expresar a concentración.
Molalidade ,
disolvente
Kg
soluto
moles
º
n
m
disolución
de
L
soluto
de
es
equivalent
º
n
N
Normalidade
totais
moles
de
º
n
soluto
de
moles
º
n
X
Fracción molar
Molaridade,
disolución
de
Litros
soluto
de
Moles
10. SOLUBILIDADE.
• Máxima cantidade de soluto que se pode
disolver nunha cantidade de disolvente a
unha temperatura determinada.
• Normalmente exprésase en gramos de
soluto por cada 100 mL de disolvente.
11. Factores que afectan á
SOLUBILIDADE.
Temperatura:
-En disolucións sólido-líquido e líquido-
líquido, a solubilidade aumenta coa
temperatura.(simil colacao queente e frio)
-En disolucións gas-liquido a solubilidade
aumenta ao diminuir a temperatura.(simil
coca-cola fria e natural)
13. Factores que afectan á
SOLUBILIDADE.
• Grao de divisióndo soluto: O soluto
pulverizado mostra máis superficie de
contacto co disolvente. Facilítase a difusión
das moléculas do soluto a través do
disolvente ao aumentar a superficie de
contacto.
• Axitación:A axitación fai aumentar o
contacto entre as moléculas do soluto e o
disolvente.
14. Tipos de disoluciones en función
de la SOLUBILIDAD
DILUIDAS: Baja proporción de soluto disuelto
CONCENTRADAS: Alta proporción de soluto
disuelto
SATURADAS: Máxima cantidad de soluto disuelto.
Este límite lo impone la solubilidad de la
sustancia.
Su concentración coincide con la solubilidad.
SOBRESATURADA: Queda soluto sin disolver.
Forma mezcla heterogénea.
Al filtrarla obtenemos la disolución saturada.
15. Masas atómicas e moleculares
• A masa atómica dun elemento é a media dos números
másicos de tódolos isótopos que o forman.
• A masa molecular (M) obtense sumando as masas
atómicas de tódolos átomos que compoñen a molécula.
• Exemplo:Calcular a masa molecular do H2SO4
• M (H2SO4) = 1,008 u · 2 + 32,06 u · 1 + 16,00 u · 4 =
98,076 u
que é a masa dunha molécula.
• Normalmente, sole expresarse como
M (H2SO4) = 98,076 g/mol
16. Masas atómicas e moleculares
• A masa atómica dun elemento é a media dos números
másicos de tódolos isótopos que o firman.
• Ex: Se un elemento ten tres isótopos
Números
másicos(A)
Abundancia
(%)
A1 %1
A2 %2
A3 %3
100
3
3
2
2
1
1 %
A
%
A
%
A
A
17. Masas atómicas e moleculares
• A masa molecular (M) obtense sumando as masas
atómicas de tódolos átomos que compoñen a molécula.
• Exemplo:Calcular a masa molecular do H2SO4
• M (H2SO4) = 98,076 u
que é a masa dunha molécula.
• Normalmente, sole expresarse como
M (H2SO4) = 98,076 g/mol
H2SO4
H: 1 · 2 = 2
16 · 4= 64
O:
S:32 · 1= 32
98
18. Concepto de mol
• Definición actual: mol é a cantidade de substancia que
contén tantas entidades elementais (átomos, moléculas,
ións...) como átomos hai en 12 g de carbono-12 (12C).
• Número de Avogadro (NA= 6,022 · 1023) .É o nº de
partículas elementais que contén un mol de calquera
substancia
• No caso dun mol de átomos tamén sole chamarse átomo-
gramo.
• 1 mol de átomos = 6,022 · 1023 átomos.
• 1 mol de moléculas = 6,022 · 1023 moléculas.3
19. Cálculo do número de moles.
Exemplo: Calcular cantos moles de CO2 haberá en 100
g de dita substancia.
• m (g) 100 g
n = ————— = ———— = 2,27 moles CO2
M (g/mol) 44 g/mol
molecular
masa
gramos
en
masa
n
CO2
C : 1 · 12 = 12
16 · 2= 32
O:
44 g/mol
20. Cálculo do número de moléculas.
• A partir do nº de moles por factores de conversión
mol
moléculas
,
moles
º
n
1
10
022
6 23
Cálculo do número de átomos.
• A partir do nº de moléculas por factores de conversión
molécula
molécula
cada
en
i
de
átomos
de
º
n
moléculas
º
n
1
21. Exercicio: ¿ Cantas moléculas de Cl2 hai en 12 g
de cloro molecular? Se tódalas moléculas de Cl2 se
disociaran para dar átomos de cloro, ¿Cantos
átomos de cloro atómico se obterían?
A masa molecular do Cl2 é 35,45 · 2 =70,9 u.
Logo un mol de Cl2 son 70,9 g.
12 g
= 0,169 moles de Cl2
70,9 g/mol
Tendo en conta que nun mol hai 6,02 · 1023 moléc.
0,169 moles conteñen:
0,169 moles · 6,02 ·1023 moléculas = 1,017 · 1023 moléculas Cl2
2 át. Cl
1,017·1023 moléc. Cl2 · = 2,034·1023 át. Cl
moléc. Cl2
n =
1 mol
22. Cálculo da Composición centesimal
• A partir da fórmula dun composto podemos calcular a
composición centesimal de cada elemento que contén
aplicando simples proporcións.
Ex:
• Sexa o compuesto AaBb.
M (masa molecular) = a·Mat(A) + b·Mat(B)
100
)
molecular
masa
(
M
A
M
a
% at
A
100
)
molecular
masa
(
M
B
M
b
% at
B
23. Exemplo: Calcular o % de prata, nitróxeno e
osíxeno que contén o nitrato de prata.
• M (AgNO3) = 107,9 +14 + 16 • 3 = 169,91
M (AgNO3) = 169,91 g/mol
• 107,9 g (Ag) · 100
% Ag = ———————— = 63,50 % de Ag
169,91 g (AgNO3)
• 14,01 g (N) · 100
% N = ———————— = 8,25 % de N
169,91 g (AgNO3)
• 48,0 g (O) ·100
% O = ———————— = 28,25 % de O
169,91 g (AgNO3)
24. Tipos de fórmulas
• Fórmula Molecular.
– Indica a clase ,e, o nº de átomos existentes de cada
elemento na molécula. Danos a masa molecular
• Fórmula Empírica.
– Indica a clase de átomos ,e, a proporción de átomos
existentes na sustancia.
– Está sempre reducida ao máximo.
• Exemplo: O Butano C4H10 está formado por
moléculas con 4 átomos de C e 10 de H.
– A súa fórmula molecular é C4H10 .
– A súa fórmula empírica é C2H5 .
25. Cálculo da fórmula empírica.
• Supoñamos que partimos de 100 g de substancia.
• Se dividimos o % de cada átomo entre a súa masa
atómica (A), obteremos o nº de moles (átomos-
gramo) de dito átomo.
• A proporción en moles é igual á que debe haber en
átomos en cada molécula.
• Posteriormente, divídese polo que teña menor nº
de moles.
• Por último, se quedan números fraccionarios,
multiplícase a todos por un mesmo nº co obxecto
de que queden números enteiros.
26. Exemplo: Calcular a fórmula empírica dun composto
orgánico cuxa composición centesimal é a seguinte:
34’8 % de O, 13 % de H e 52’2 % de C.
• 34,8 g 13 g
———— = 2,175 mol O; ———— = 13 mol H
16 g/mol 1 g/mol
52,2 g
———— = 4,35 mol C
12 g/mol
• Dividindo todos polo menor (2,175) obtemos
• 1 mol de O, 6 moles de H e 2 moles de C o que
da unha fórmula empírica:
C2H6O
27. Cálculo da fórmula molecular.
• Cando coñecemos o % de cada átomo ou a cantidade de cada
un no composto ademáis da masa molecular ou datos para
calculala
• Seguimos os mesmos pasos que para calcular a fórmula
empírica
• Multiplicamos a fórmula empírica polo nº adecuado para obter
a masa molecular .
molecular
masa
n
empírica
Fórmula
30. Ecuación xeral dos gases ideais
T
R
n
V
P
Número de moles Constante dos gases
K
mol
l
atm
R
K
mol
J
R
º
/
082
.
0
º
/
3143
.
8
P = presión en atmósferas
V = Volume en litros T= Temperatura en K