This document discusses computer generated poetry and whether computers can generate poetry like humans. It provides examples of computer generated poems from programs like RACTER and RKCP (Ray Kurzweil's Cybernetic Poet). It also discusses the Turing test in the context of poetry and how one could conduct a reverse Turing test to judge if computer poetry is indistinguishable from human poetry. In the conclusion, it states that the discussion around artificial intelligence and computer poetry is really about how closely computers can mirror and replicate human creativity and intelligence.

1. Aishwarya
Integral University
Bachelor’s of Technology
Computer Science & Engineering

2. Computer
Generated
Poetry

3. CAN
COMPUTER
GENERATE
POETRY?

4. POEM 1
A lion roars and dogs bark.
It is interesting and
fascinating that a bird will fly
and not roar or bark.
Enthralling stories about
animals are in my dreams and
if I will sing them all if I am
not exhausted and weary.
POEM 2
Oh! kangaroos, sequins, chocolate
sodas!
You really are beautiful! Pearls,
harmonicas, jujubes, aspirins! all
the stuff they've always talked
about still makes a poem a
surprise!
These things are with us every
day
even on beachheads and biers.
They
do have meaning. They're strong
as rocks.

5. POEM 1
RACTER(William
Chamberlain)
POEM 2
FRANK O’ HARRA

6. An electronic device
which is capable of
Receiving information
(data) in a particular form
Perform a sequence of
operations in accordance
with a predetermined but
variable set of procedural
instructions (program)
And produce a result in
the form of information
or signals.
DATA
(INPUT)
OUTPUT
COMPUTER?
PROCESSING

7. POETRY
Poetry is the creation of sense of imagination
experience and life.
It is a written and oral tradition composed of
rhythmical words and describing one’s
experience or one’s imagination in a way that
is deemed beautiful than ordinary speech.

8. COMPUTER GENERATED POETRY
Computer Generated poetry, that
is generated through an
algorithm, which is executed by
a digital, electronic computer,
which is intended, by whoever it
may be, to be read as poetry.
The Longman Dictionary and
Handbook of Poetry Myers and
Simms define computer
poetry as "a recently developed
form of poetic composition in
which data-processing machines
are used to generate new
sequences of words”

9. Why Do we need this?
Computer generated poetry is a step where we generate
poetry like that of a human. It is a form of artificial
intelligence.
It is a step of artificial intelligence to generate an
intelligent device which has human like skills.
It is somewhere a *Hand-shake* between norms of art
and philosophy and technology.
As said by Oscar Schwartz, “There are no boundaries
set for humans. Every writer is a poet and every
poet can also be a singer or painter or whatever it
feels like! ”

10. TURING TEST
A proposed test of a computer's ability to think, requiring that the
covert substitution of the
computer for one of the participants in a
keyboard and screen dialogue should be undetectable by the remaining
human participant.

11. Bot or not.com
Oscar
Schwartz Benjamin Laird

12. RACTER
Racter is an artificial intelligence computer program that generates English
language prose at random.
Racter, short for raconteur, was written by William Chamberlain and Thomas Etter.
The existence of the program was revealed in 1983 in a book called The Policeman's
Beard Is Half Constructed, which was described as being composed entirely by the
program. According to Chamberlain's introduction to the book, the program apparently
ran on a CP/M machine; it was written in "compiled BASIC on a Z80 micro with 64K
of RAM." This version, the program that allegedly wrote the book, was not released to
the general public. The sophistication claimed for the program was likely exaggerated,
as could be seen by investigation of the template system of text generation. However,
in 1984 Mindscape, Inc. released an interactive version of Racter, developed by Inrac
Corporation, for DOS, Amiga and Apple II computers. The published Racter was
similar to a chatterbox. The BASIC program that was released by Mindscape was far
less sophisticated than anything that could have written the fairly sophisticated prose
of The Policeman's Beard.
The commercial version of Racter could be likened to a computerized version of Mad
Libs, the game in which you fill in the blanks in advance and then plug them into a
text template to produce a surrealistic tale.
The commercial program attempted to parse text inputs, identifying
significant nouns and verbs, which it would then regurgitate to create "conversations,"
plugging the input from the user into phrase templates which it then combined, along
with modules that conjugated English verbs.

13. RKCP
Ray Kurzweil's Cybernetic Poet was written
by Ray Kurzweil in the mid 1980s (in "C")and
is described in Ray Kurzweil's book The Age of
Intelligent Machines (MIT Press 1990)in a
section entitled A (Kind of) Turing Test.
RKCP reads a selection of poems by a
particular author or authors and then creates
a "language model" of that author’s work. The
language model incorporates computer-based
language analysis and mathematical modeling
techniques. RKCP can then write original
poems from that model. The poems have
a similar style to the author(s) originally analyzed,
but are completely original new poetry.
RKCP can combine authors by creating language
models using more than one author file. In
addition, RKCP allows the user to create "poet
personalities," each of which specifies a specific
language model and a set of parameters which
control certain aspects of the poetry generation
process.

14. RKCP uses the following aspects of the original
authors that were analyzed to create original
poems: (i) words,
(ii) word structures and sequence patterns based on
RKCP’s language modeling techniques,
iii) rhythm patterns
(iv) overall poem structure.
There are also algorithms to maintain thematic
consistency through the poem.
RKCP uses a unique recursive poetry generation
algorithm to achieve the language style, rhythm
patterns and poem structure of the original authors
that were analyzed, without actually copying the
original authors’ writings.
RKCP includes a plagiarism avoidance algorithm
which attempts to avoid plagiarism of the original
author(s) analyzed, where plagiarism is defined as
more than 3 words in a row that appear anywhere
in the original author(s)’ writings.

15. POEM 1
I think I'll crash.
Just for myself with God
peace on a curious sound
for myself in my heart?
And life is weeping
From a bleeding heart
of boughs bending
such paths of them,
of boughs bending
such paths of breeze
knows we've been there
POEM 2
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound’s the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and
deep,
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.

16. POEM 1
A poem “I Think I'll Crash”
written by Ray Kurzweil's
Cybernetic Poet
after reading poems by Ray
Kurzweil, Robert Frost and Wendy
Dennis
POEM 2
Robert Frost
Stopping by the woods on a
Snowy Evening

17. How do We Judge this?
We use a reverse Turing
test where a poetry
written by Human poets
fools majority of judges
that it was written by a
computer.

18. Feeling confused!
HUMAN
COMPUTERS
HUMAN

19. So Is A Human More
Computer?
Or
A Computer More
HUMAN?

20. But what we have are a
bunch of insights:
1. For some reason we
associate poetry with being
human.
But what does it needs to
be a human?
How do we put boundaries
around this category?
How do we say who or what
can be under this category.
2. When we do a
Turing test for
poetry, we are not
really judging an
algorithm or
Computer but we
are judging the
human-ness of this
form.
INSIGHTS

21. Conclusion
A computer is a mirror of human mind. Whatever we show it, it
returns it to us.
Recently artificial intelligence has taken a toll. Much of the
conversation lies around the spectrum that can we build it?
Can we create a system that is creative?
Can we build an intelligent computer?
Oscar Schwartz research paper reads, “Human is not a scientific
fact but it is an ever shifting and concatenating fact.
I believe it to revolve around the spectrum like Can we build a
human like computer?”