COMPETITIVE EXAM MATERIAL FOR GPSC

1. _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u : hX$pâ^p_
¦
fpS>_ptkO : N©l
¦
Aê$Z S>¡V$gu : _pZp, fnp, L$p¸`p£f¡V$ dpdgp
¦
kyódp õhfpS> : rhv$¡i d„Óu
¦
_urs_ NX$L$fu : kX$L$ `qfhl_, rit`N
¦
A¡d. h¥L$¥ep _peX|$ : il¡fu rhL$pk, k„kv$ue dpdgp
¦
X$u.hu. kv$p_„v$ Np¥X$p : f¡gh¡
¦
Ddp cpfsu : S>m k„ip^_, N„Np `y_ê$Ý^pf
¦
X$p¸. _Tdp l¡àsyëgp : gOydsu bpbsp¡
¦
Np¡`u_p dy„X$¡ : N°pduZ rhL$pk, `„Qpesu fpS>
¦
fpd rhgpk `pkhp_ : N°plL$, AÞ_ A_¡ Ål¡f rhsfZ
¦
L$gfpS> rdî : gOy DÛp¡N
¦
d¡_L$p Np„^u : drlgp A_¡ bpm rhL$pk
¦
A_„sLy$dpf : fkpeZ
¦
frhi„L$f âkpv$ : L$pev$p A_¡ Þepe, dpqlsu/âkpfZ
¦
Aip¡L$ NS>`rs : _pNqfL$ DÍ$e_
¦
A_„s Nus¡ : cpf¡ DÛp¡N
¦
îudsu lfrkdfs L$p¥f : ayX$ âp¡k¡tkN
¦
_f¡ÞÖtkl sp¡df : M__, îd A_¡ fp¡S>Npf, gp¡M„X$
¦
S>yA¡g Dfp„h : S>_Årse bpbsp¡
¦
Apf.A¡d. tkl : L©$rj
¦
phfQ„v$ Nl¡gp¡s : kpdprS>L$ Þepe Ar^L$pqfsp
¦
õd©rs Tybu_ Bfp_u : dp_h k„ip^_ rhL$pk
¦
X$p¸. lj® h^®_ : Apfp¡Áe A_¡ `qfhpf L$ëepZ
L$¡[ÞÖe d„Óud„X$m
¦
S>_fg hu.L$¡. tkl : `|hp£Ñf n¡Ó rhL$pk, rhv$¡i
¦
HÖÆs tkl fph : Apep¡S>_, fnp
¦
k„sp¡jLy$dpf N„Nhpf : h÷, k„kv$ue bpbsp¡, S>m k„ip^_
¦
îu`v$ N¡õkp¡ _pBL$ : k„õL©$rs A_¡ `e®V$_
¦
^d£ÞÖ â^p_ : `¡V²$p¡rged A_¡ Ly$v$fsu N¡k
¦
kbp®_„v$p kp¡_hpg : L$p¥ig rhL$pk, eyhp bpbsp¡, M¡g
¦
`°L$pi ÅhX$¡L$f : dprlsu A_¡ âkpfZ, `ep®hfZ,
h_, S>mhpey `qfhs®_
¦
r`e|j Np¡eg : DÅ®, L$p¡gkp
¦
X$p¸. rS>s¡ÞÖtkl : rhop_ A_¡ V$¡¼¹_p¡gp¸Æ, A„sqfn rhcpN,
hX$pâ^p_ L$pep®ge
¦
îudsu> r_d®gp kuspfd_ : hprZÄe A_¡ DÛp¡N, _pZp,
¦ L$p¸`p£f¡V$ bpbsp¡
¦
Æ.A¡d. rkÝ^¡ðfp : _pNqfL$ DÍ$e_
¦
d_p¡S>tklp : f¡gh¡
¦
r_lpgQ„v$ : fkpeZ
¦
D`¡ÞÖ Ly$ihplp : N°pduZ qhL$pk, `„Qpesu fpS
¦
fp^pL©$óZ_ `u. : cpf¡ DÛp¡N, Ål¡f DÛed
¦
qL$fZ qfrS>S|> : N©l bpbsp¡
¦
îu L©$óZ`pg> : kX$L$ `qfhl_, _¡i_g lpB h¡, riq`„N
¦
X$p¸. k„ÆhLy$dpf bpgep_ : L©$rj, ayX$ âp¡k¡tkN
¦
d_kyMcpB hkphp : S>_Årse bpbsp¡
¦
fph kpl¡b v$pv$pfph v$p_h¡: N°plL$ bpbsp¡, AÞ_ A_¡ Ål¡f rhsfZ
¦
rhóÏ v$¡h kpB : M__, îd A_¡ fp¡S>Npf, gp¡M„X$
¦
kyv$i®_ cNs : kpdprS>L$ Þepe A_¡ Aq^L$pqfsp
L$¡rb_¡V$ d„Óu
fpÄe L$np_p d„Óu

2. è̀
yê$ _pd _f¡ÞÖ v$pdp¡v$fv$pk dp¡v$u R>¡. _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_y„ hs_ hX$_Nf R>¡.
s¡d_p¡ S>Þdqv$hk 17 kàV$¡çbf 19`0 R>¡.
è
s¡Ap¡ Ap¸L$V$p¡bf f001u d¡ f014 ky^u NyS>fps_p dy¿ed„Óu füp.
è
Ap¸L$V$p¡bf f001dp„ L$¡iycpB `V$¡g¡ dy¿ed„Óu `v$¡u fpÆ_pdy Ap`sp
_f¡ÞÖcpB NyS>fps_p dy¿ed„Óu bÞep. A_¡ s¡d_p _¡s©Ðh l¡W$m
cpS>` B.k. f00f, f007, f01f_u NyS>fps rh^p_kcp_u
Qy„V$Zudp„ rhS>¡sp ey.
è
_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u Ly$g Qpf hpf NyS>fps_p dy¿ed„Óu bÞep.
è
_f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_¡ cpS>` Üpfp gp¡L$kcp-f014_u Qy„V$Zudp„ hX$pâ^p_
`v$_p Dd¡v$hpf Op¡rjs L$fhpdp„ Apìep. s¡Ap¡ hpfpZku A_¡
hX$p¡v$fp b„_¡ b¡W$L$ `fu rhS>¡sp ep lsp. bpv$dp„ hX$p¡v$fp b¡W$L$
`fu fpÆ_pdy Apàey R>¡.
_f¡
Þ
Ö
dp¡
v
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u
::
è
hX$pâ^p__u `k„v$Nu sp r_dZ|„L$ k„b„^u Å¡NhpBAp¡_y„ cpfsue k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 7`dp„ hZ®_
L$fhpdp„ Apìey R>¡.
è
cpfsue k„rh^p__p A_yÃR>¡v$ 7` (1) dyS>b hX$pâ^p__u r_dZ|„L$ fpô²$`rs L$f¡ R>¡. `f„sy AÞe d„ÓuAp¡_u
r_dZ|„L$ hX$pâ^p__u kgpl `f fpô²$`rs Üpfp pe R>¡ A_¡ hX$pâ^p_ s¡d_¡ MpspAp¡_u kp¢`Zu L$f¡ R>¡.
è
k„rh^p_dp„ d„Óu d„X$m_p kv$õep¡_u k„¿ep rhj¡ S>Zphpey _u. sp k„rh^p__p 91dp„ k„ip¡^_
Ar^r_ed f003 Üpfp A_yÃR>¡v$ 7`dp„ D`M„X$ (1 L$) A„s:õpq`s L$fu v$¡hpdp„ Apìey R>¡. S>¡ A¡hy
D`b„r^s L$f¡ R>¡ L$¡, hX$pâ^p__¡ kqçdrgs L$fsp d„ÓuAp¡_u Ly$g k„¿ep gp¡L$kcp_p Ly$g kv$õep¡_u k„Mep_p
1`% u h^y _lu lp¡e. S>¡ 1-1-f004 âcphu bÞey R>¡.
è
A_yÃR>¡v$ 7` (3) A_ykpf d„Óud„X$m gp¡L$kcp âÐe¡ kpdyrlL$ ê$`¡ DÑfv$peu lp¡e R>¡.
è
A_yÃR>¡v$ 7` (`) dp„ hZ®_ Ap`hpd„p Apìey R>¡ L$¡, L$p¡B d„Óu S>¡ q_f„sf R> dpk_u Ahr^ ky^u k„kv$_p
L$p¡B kv$__p kv$õe _u lp¡sp s¡ Ahq^_u kdpràs kp¡ d„Óu _u fl¡sp.
è
gp¡L$kcp Üpfp d„Óud„X$m L$¡ hX$pâ^p_ rhê$Â^ Arhðpk âõsph `kpf L$fu_¡ s¡d_¡ `v$ `fu lV$phu iL$pe
R>¡.
è
d„Óu d„X$mdp„ ÓZ âL$pf_p d„„Óu lp¡e R>¡. (1) L$¡rb_¡V$ d„Óu, (f) fpS>ed„Óu, (3) D`d„Óu, L$¡rb_¡V$ d„Óu
S>¡-s¡ rhcpN_p kh¡®khp® lp¡e R>¡. L$¡rb_¡V$ âdyMs: _urs r_^p®fL$ lp¡e R>¡.
è
fpS>ed„Óu sp D`d„Óu L$¡rb_¡V$ rdqV„$Ndp„ cpN _u gB iL$sp. dpÓ rhi¡j Apd„ÓZ `f cpN gB iL$¡ R>¡.
D`d„Óu d„Ópge_p L$p¡B rhcpN_p cpf kp^L$ lp¡e R>¡.
hX$pâ^p__u r_dZ|„L$ k„b„r^s b„^pfZue Å¡NhpB ::
hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u Üpfp 27 d¡ _p fp¡S>
L$p¥ig rhL$pk A_¡ DÛrdsp d„Ópge_u fQ_p B
lsu. Ap d„Ópge b_phhp `pR>m_p¡ l¡sy cpfs_p
L$p¥ig rhL$pk_¡ Ap¡mMhp_p¡ R>¡. Ap d„Ópge_p
õhs„Ó âcpf kp¡ Akd_p gMud`yf b¡W$L$_p
kp„kv$ kfbp_„v$ kp¡_p¡hpg_¡ fpÄe d„Óu b_phpep
R>¡.
Ap _hp d„Ópge_u fQ_p_p¡ l¡sy hj® 2022
ky^u cpfsdp„ 500 rdrge_ gp¡L$p¡_p¡ L$p¥ig
rhL$pk L$fu_¡ `p¡sp_y„ gÿe rkÝ^ L$fhp_y„ R>¡. A¡L$
S> kde¡ A¡L$ A¡hy `pqf[õrsL$ s„Ó b_phhy L$¡, S>¡
ê$L$phV$p¡_¡ Msd L$fu_¡ ìep`pf_¡ Apkp_ A_¡
DÛrdsp_¡ âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`u iL$¡. A¡hy âd hpf
bÞey R>¡ L$¡, L$p¥ig rhL$pk dpV$¡ AgN d„Ópge
b_phhpdp„ Apìey lp¡e. Ap `l¡gp Sy v$p Sy>v$p
d„Ópgep¡ A_¡ A¡S>ÞkuAp¡_¡ v$¡idp„ L$p¥ig A_¡
DÛrdsp_y„ L$pe® kp¢`hpdp„ Aphsy lsy.
hX$pâ^p_ÜpfpL$p¥igrhL$pkA_¡
DÛrdspd„Ópge_ufQ_pB
Np¡`u_p dy„X$¡_y„ r_^_ sp s¡d_p d„Ópge_p¡ h^pfp_p¡ L$pe®cpf L$¡[ÞÖe dpN® `qfhl_ d„Óu _urs_
NX$L$fu_¡ kp¢`hpdp„ Apìe R>¡.
cpfsue S>_sp `n_p kp¥u _p_u he_p (52 hj®) âdyM b__pf A¡L$ cpfsue fpS>_urso A_¡
DÛp¡N`rs _urs_ NX$L$fu_p¡ S>Þd dlpfpô²$_p _pN`yf rS>ëgp_p b°pûZ `qfhpfdp„ ep¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡
qX$k¡çbf 2009dp„ cpS>`_p _hdp fpô²$ue AÝen bÞep lsp. s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_u fpS>L$ue L$pfqL$v$u®_u
iê$Aps B.k. 1976dp„ _pN`yf e|r_hrk®V$udp„ cpS>`_u qhÛp} ipMp A¡.bu.hu.`u. u L$fu lsu.
bpv$dp„ s¡Ap¡ dpÓ 23 hj®_u he¡ cpS>` eyh dp¡Qp®_p AÝen bÞep lsp.
_urs_ NX$L$fu_¡ h^pfp_p¡ L$pe®cpf
_urs_ NX$L$fu
L$¡qb_¡V$d„ÓuNp¡`u_pdy„X$¡_y„r_^_
dlpfpô²$_u buX$ b¡W$L `fu gp¡L$kcpdp„ Qy„V$pe¡gp cpS>`_p
AN°Zu _¡sp Np¡`u_p dy„X$¡A¡ N°pduZ rhL$pk A_¡ `„Qphsu fpS>
d„Ópge_p¡ âcpf k„cpýep¡ lsp¡.$
3 S|>__p fp¡S> qv$ëlu Mps¡ A¡L$ AL$õdpsdp„ s¡d_y„ r_^_ ey lsy.
s¡d_p A„rsd k„õL$pf s¡d_p hs_ `fgu Mps¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

3. L$¡[ÞÖe d„Óud„X$mdp„ 21 d„ÓuAp¡_u r_dZ|„L$
hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_u kgplu fpô²$`rs îu âZh dyMfÆA¡ 9 _h¡çbf¡
L$¡[ÞÖe d„Óud„X$mdp„ 4 L$¡rb_¡V$, 3 õhs„Ó âcpf ^fphsp fpÄed„Óu A_¡ 14
fpÄeL$np_p d„ÓuAp¡_u r_dZ|„L$ L$fu lsu. _hp r_dZ|„L$ e¡gp d„ÓuAp¡_u k|Qu
_uQ¡ v$ip®ìep âdpZ¡ R>¡.
L$¡rb_¡V$ d„Óu :
1. d_p¡lf `pfuL$f -fnp 2. kyf¡i âcy -f¡gh¡
3. S>Ns âL$pi _Í$p -Apfp¡Áe 4. Qp¥^fu rbf¡ÞÖrk„l-N°pduZ rhL$pk
fpÄed„Óu (õhs„Ó âcpf) :
1. b„X$pê$ v$spÓ¡e -îd A_¡ r_ep¡S>_
2. fpÆh âsp` ê$X$u -L$¥pig rhL$pk A_¡ DÛed, k„kv$ue L$pe®
3. X$pµ. dl¡i idp® -`e®V$_, k„õL©$rs A_¡ _pNqfL$ DÍ$e_
fpÄed„Óu :
01. dy¿spf Aåbpk _L$hu -gOydsu A_¡ k„kv$ue L$pe®
02. fpd L©$`pg epv$h -S>m A_¡ õhÃR>sp
03. lqfcpB `pucpB Qp¥^fu -N©l
04. kp„hfgpg ÅV$ -S>m k„ip^_ A_¡ N„Np `y_ê$Ý^pf
05. dp¡l_cpB L$ëepZÆcpB Ly„$X$pfuep -L©$rj
06. rNqffpS>tkl -k|ÿd, gOy A_¡ dÝed D`¾$d
07. l„kfpS> N„Npfpd Aprlf -fkpeZ A_¡ Dh®fL$
08. âpµ. fpd i„L$f L$¡qfep -dp_h k„ip^_ rhcpN
09. hpe.A¡k. Qp¥^fu -rhop_ A_¡ V$¡¼¹_p¡gpµÆ
10. S>e„stklp -_pZp
11. L$_®g fpÄeh^®_tkl fpW$p¥f -dprlsu A_¡ âkpfZ
12. bpbyg kyrâep bfpg -il¡fu rhL$pk, Aphpk A_¡ il¡fu Nfubu _pbyv$u
13. kpÝhu r_f„S>_ Äep¡rs -MpÛ âk„õL$fZ DÛp¡N
14. rhS>e kp„`gp -kpdprS>L$ Þepe A_¡ Ar^L$pfusp
NyS>fps_y„ _hy â^p_ d„X$m
NyS>fps_p dy¿ed„Óu Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g¡ s¡d_p d„Óud„X$mdp„ _hp b¡ L$¡rb_¡V$
A_¡ b¡ fpÄeL$np_p d„ÓuAp¡_p kdph¡i kp¡ _h¡kfu â^p_ d„X$m_u fQ_p L$fu
lsu. _hp Qpf d„ÓuAp¡_¡ fpS>ch_dp„ kpv$Nucep® kdpfp¡ldp„ fpÄe`pg
Ap¡.`u.L$p¡lguA¡ `v$ A_¡ Nyàssp_p i` g¡hfpìep lsp. _hp d„Óud„X$m_y„ Ly$g
L$v$ 24 d„ÓuAp¡_y„ ey R>¡.
Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g -kpdpÞe hrlhV$, hrlhV$u ky^pfZp A_¡ sprgd,
(dy¿ed„Óu) DÛp¡N, N©l, L$gpBd¡V$ Q¡ÞS>, dpqlsu A_¡ âkpfZ,
b„v$f, _d®v$p, L$ë`kf, dl¡kyg,qX$TpõV$f d¡_¡S>d¡ÞV$,
il¡fu rhL$pk, kpeÞk A¡ÞX$ V$¡¼¹_p¡gpµÆ A_¡ _
apmh¡gp sdpd rhcpN
L$¡rb_¡V$ d„ÓuAp¡ :
_urs_ `V$¡g -Apfp¡Áe, sbubu rinZ, `qfhpf A_¡ L$ëepZ,
dpN® A_¡ dL$p_, `pV$_Nf ep¡S>_p
fdZgpg hp¡fp -kpdprS>L$ Þepe A_¡ Ar^L$pfusp
c|`¡ÞÖtkl QyX$pkdp -rinZ (âprdL$, dpÝerdL$,`°p¥Y$) h¥^pr_L$ A_¡
k„kv$ue bpbsp¡, DÃQ A_¡ V$¡¼_uL$g rinZ,
AÞ_/_pNqfL$ `yfhW$p¡ A_¡ N°plL$p¡_u bpbsp¡
d„NycpB `V$¡g -h_ A_¡ `ep®hfZ, Apqv$Års rhL$pk
kp¥fc `V$¡g -_pZp, DÅ® A_¡ `¡V²$p¡L$¡rdL$ëk, MpZ M_uS>,
Ly$qV$f DÛp¡N, duW$p DÛp¡N, _pNqfL$ DÍ$e_,
R>p`L$pd A_¡ g¡M_ kpdN°u, Apep¡S>_, âhpk_
bpbycpB bp¡Mufuep -S>m k„`rÑ, L©$rj, klL$pf, `iy`pg_,
Np¥k„h^®_, dÐõep¡Ûp¡N
rhS>e ê$`pZu -hpl_ ìehlpf, `pZu `yfhW$p¡, îd A_¡ fp¡S>Npf
fpÄeL$np_p d„ÓuAp¡ :
S>eÖtklÆ `fdpf -dpN® A_¡ dL$p_, `pV$_Nf ep¡S>_p
i„L$f Qp¥^fu -il¡fu N©l r_dp®Z(õhs„Ó âcpf),
-Apfp¡Áe/`qfhpf L$ëepZ,
hpl_ ìehlpf
hkyb¡_ qÓh¡v$u -drlgp/bpm L$ëepZ(õhs„Ó âcpf)
DÃQ A_¡ V$¡¼¹r_L$g rinZ
âqv$`tkl ÅX$¡Å -L$pev$p¡ A_¡ Þepes„Ó, v$¡hõp_
A_¡ epÓp^pd rhL$pk, õh¥[ÃR>L$ k„õp
k„L$g_, rb_ r_hpku NyS>fpsu qhcpN,
âp¡V$p¡L$p¡g, h¥^pr_L$/k„kv$ue bpbsp¡
S>e„sucpg L$hpqX$ep - `„Qpes, N°pd N©l r_dp®Z/ N°pdrhL$pk
(sdpd õhs„Ó lhpgp¡), klL$pf
_p_ycpB hp_pZu -eyhp kp„õL©$rsL$ âh©rs (õhs„Ó âcpf)
fds-Nds,S>mk„`rÑ(L$ë`kf kuhpe)
rinZ
qv$gu`cpB W$pL$p¡f -kpdprS>L$ i¥nrZL$ `R>ps hN® L$ëepZ,
îd A_¡ fp¡S>Npf
`yê$jp¡ÑdcpB kp¡g„L$u -`iy`pg_
S>ipcpB bpfX$ -L©$rj, _pNqfL$ DÍ$e_
R>Ótkl dp¡fu -AÞ_ /_pNqfL$ `yfhW$p¡, N°plL$ bpbsp¡
fS>_uL$p„s `V$¡g -N©l, `p¡rgk Aphpk, kflv$u kyfnp,
-_pNqfL$ k„fnZ, N©lfnL$ v$m, S>¡g
_ipb„^u, N°pdfnL$ v$m, ApbL$pfu
Np¡thv$cpB `V$¡g -DÅ® A_¡ `¡V²$p¡L$¡rdL$ëk, rhop_/sL$_uL$
spfpQ„v$ R>¡X$p -Ly$qV$f DÛp¡N, duW$p, Np¥k„h^®_
S>e¡i fpv$qX$ep -âhpk_, `pZu `yfhW$p¡
bQycpB MpbX$ -dÐõep¡Ûp¡N, h_ A_¡ `ep®hfZ
L$p„rscpB Nprds -Apqv$Års rhL$pk

4. L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep
d¡ 2015
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A
1. `pR>gp L$p„L$qfep L$pr_®hgdp„ L$p„L$qfep_u `pm¡ L$ep„
v$¡i_u _©Ðep„N_pAp¡_u _©ÐeL$gp Å¡hp dmu ?
-Qu_
2. `pR>gp L$p„L$qfep L$pr_®hg_u ud L„$B lsu ?
-_pfu hlpgdp„ hk_pfu
3. Ap„sffpô²$ue drlgp qv$hk r_rdÑ¡ NyS>fps_p
dy¿ed„Óu Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g¡ drlgp qv$hk A_¡ drlgp
dy¿ed„Óu sfuL$¡ `p¡sp_p hrlhV$u L$pep£ dpV$¡ vy$fv$i®_dp„
âkpqfs sp L$ep„ kpáprlL$ âp¡N°pddp„ BÞV$fìey Apìey ?
-s¡S>[õh_u
4. A¡ÞV$pL®$qV$L$ dlpkpNfdp„ 1.4 dpBg sfu_¡ spS>¡sfdp„ rhð
f¡L$p¡X®$ b_ph_pf ?
-c[¼s idp®
5. krQ_ s¢Xy$gL$f `f Ap^pqfs h©ÑrQÓ ?
-200 _pµV$ ApDV$
6. fpô²$ue bp¡[¼k„N Q¡rç`e_ri`dp„ kyhZ® Q„ÖL$ rhS>¡sp ?
-ksujLy$dpf, kydrs kp„Nhp_
7. dlpÐdp d„qv$f Mps¡ v$p„X$u Ly$V$uf k„N°lpge_y„ Dv$¹OpV$_ L$ep„
qv$hk_u DS>hZu v$frdep_ ey ?
-13dp„ âhpku cpfsue qv$hk
8. spS>¡sfdp„ A¡riep_p kp¥u dp¡V$p kdylgÁ_ L$ep„ ep¡Åep ?
-Mp¡X$g^pd
9. ÅÞeyApfu 2015dp„ ep¡Åe¡g hpBb°„V$ NyS>fps riMf
k„d¡g_ L$¡V$gpdy lsy ?
-kpsdy
10. B-Nh_®Þk `f_p fpô²$ue k„d¡g_ L$¡ S>¡_y„ Dv$¹OpV$_
Ap_„v$ub¡_ `V$¡g¡ L$ey® lsy, s¡_p¡ rhje L$ep¡ lsp¡ ?
-
11. L$ey„ fpÄe v$¡i_y„ âd Ap¡`_ V$p¡Bg¡V$ dy¼s fpÄe b_i¡ ?
-NyS>fps
12. drZ`yf fpÄedp„ ApçX®$ ap¡k}k õ`¡íeg A¡¼V$_p
rhfp¡^dp„ _h¡çbf 2000u L$ep„ dp_hpr^L$pf L$pe®L$sp® A_i_
L$fu füp R>¡ ?
-Bfp¡d id}gp
13. B.k. 1880 bpv$ `©Õhu `f_y„ kp¥u h^y Nfd hj® L$ey ?
-2014
14. rhðdp„ gp¡M„X$ DÐ`pv$_ n¡Ó¡ cpfs_y„ õp_ L$¡V$gpdy ?
-Qp¡y
15. fpô²$ue bprgL$p qv$hk L$ep¡ R>¡ ?
-24 ÅÞeyApfu
16. fpÄeL$np_p õhs„Ósp `h®(B.k. 2014) _u DS>hZu
L$ep„ B ?
-`pV$Z
17. âÅkÑpL$ `h® âk„N¡ fpS>^p_u qv$ëludp„ `f¡X$dp„ rlõkp¡
g¡_pf hpeyk¡_p_p drlgp Ar^L$pfuAp¡_y„ _¡s©Ðh L$f_pf
NyS>fpsu eyhsu ?
-õ_¡lp i¡Mphs
"qX$qTV$g Nh_®Þk-Þe| ä„V$uef'
18.
âÅkÑpL$
`h®
(hj®
2014
)âk„
N
¡
v$
¡
i
_p
dy
¿
e
Arsr
L$
p
¡
Z
lsp
?
-tiTp¡
Ab¡
19.
`p„
Q
dp¡
fpô²
$
u
e
dsv$
p
sp
qv$
h
k
L$
e
pf¡
lsp¡
?
-
25
ÅÞey
A
pfu
20.
L$
p
Vy
®
$
r
_ô$
Apf.
L$
¡
.
gÿdZ_p
L$
p
V|
®
$
_
L$
¡
f
¡
L
$
V
$
f
_y
„
_pd
?
-L$
p
µ
d
_d¡
_
21.
Bkfp¡
_
p
_hp
AÝen
?
-A¡
.
A¡
k
.
qL$
f
ZLy
$
d
pf
22.
bpbp
fpdv$
¡
h
_¡
L$
e
p„
fpÄe_p
b°
p
„
X
$
A¡
ç
b¡
k
¡
X
$
f
b_phpep
?
-lrfepZp
23.
"b¡
V
$
u
bQphp¡
-
b¡
V
$
u
cZphp¡
'
Arcep__p
b°
p
„
X
$
A¡
ç
b¡
k
¡
X
$
f
L$
p
¡
Z
?
-dp^y
f
u
v$
u
rns
24.
hs®
d
p_
hj£
NZs„
Ó
qv$
h
k_u
DS>hZu
âk„
N
¡
dy
¿
e
Arsr
bfpL$
Ap¡
b
pdpA¡
fpô²
$
`
rs
ch_
Mps¡
"BÞV$
f
krh®
k
NpX®
$
Apµ
a
Apµ
_
f'
_y
„
r_qfnZ
L$
e
y
®
lsy
.
s¡
_
y
„
_¡
s
©
Ð
h
L$
f
_pf
âd
drlgp
Ar^L$
p
fu
L$
p
¡
Z
R>¡
?
-thN
L$
d
pÞX$
f
`|
Å
W$
p
Ly
$
f
25.
Ny
S
>fpsu
raëd
S>Nsdp„
"Arc_e
kd°
p
V$
'
sfuL$
¡
L$
p
¡
Z
ÅZusy
R>¡
?
-D`¡
Þ
Ö
qÓh¡
v
$
u
26.
rdk
e|
r
_hk®
2014
sfuL$
¡
L$
p
¡
_
u
`k„
v
$
N
u
B
?
-`pµ
r
g_p
h¡
N
p(L$
p
¡
g
„
r
bep)
27.
rdk
hëX®
$
2014
sfuL$
¡
L$
p
¡
_
u
`k„
v
$
N
u
B
?
-fp¡
g
¡
_
õV²
$
p
¡
k
(v$
.
ApräL$
p
)
28.
v$
¡
i
_u
âd
ku.A¡
_
.Æ.
X$
¡
d
y
V²
$
¡
_
L$
e
p
õV$
¡
i
_
hÃQ¡
iê$
B
?
-f¡
h
pX$
u
/fp¡
l
sL$
29.
L$
¡
Þ
Ö
kfL$
p
f_u
drlgpAp¡
_
¡
ky
f
np
Ap`u
rlçds
âv$
p
_
L$
f
su
A¡
L
$
u
L©
$
s
dp¡
b
pBg
A¡
à
`
L„
$
B
R>¡
?
-tlds
30.
cpfs
kfL$
p
f_y
„
L$
¡
g
¡
Þ
X$
f
-
2015
L$
e
p„
rhje
kp¡
Åfu
ey
?
-¼gu_
B[ÞX$
e
p
N°
u
_
B[ÞX$
e
p
31.
ky
f
s_¡
õdpV®
$
rkV$
u
b_phhp
L$
p
¡
_
u
kp¡
cpNuv$
p
fu
B
?
-dpB¾$
p
¡
k
p¡
ã
V$
32.
V$
p
Bçk
`k®
_
Apµ
a
^
ef-
2014
L$
p
¡
Z
Ål¡
f
ey
?
-Bbp¡
g
p
apBV$
k
®
33.
TpfM„
X
$
_
p
dy
„
¿
ed„
Ó
u
L$
p
¡
Z
R>¡
?
-fOy
h
f
v$
p
k
34.
rhðdp„
kp¥
u
h^y
ey
h
p„
hksu
^fphsp¡
v$
¡
i
?
35.
dpDÞV$
A¡
h
f¡
õ
V$
kf
L$
f
_pf
âd
cpfsue
rhL$
g
p„
N
Aê$
r
Zdptklp_p
`y
õ
sL$
"bp¡
_
®
AN¡
B
_
Apµ
_
^
dpDÞV$
¡
_
'
_y
„
rhdp¡
Q
_
L$
p
¡
_
p
lõs¡
ey
?
-_f¡
Þ
ÖcpB
dp¡
v
$
u
36.
"^
X²
$
p
d¡
q
V$
L
$
qX$
L
$
¡
X
$
:
^
B[Þv$
f
p
Np„
^
u
ek®
'
`y
õ
sL$
_
p
g¡
M
L$
?
-âZh
dy
M
fÆ
37.
"Np¡
r
S®
>
ek
Apµ
a
^
õL$
p
BS>'
3X$
u
dp¡
b
pBg
A¡
f
L$
p
µ
ç
b¡
V
$
N¡
d
L$
p
¡
Z
¡
iê$
L$
f
u
R>¡
?
-cpfsue
hpey
k
¡
_
p
38.
rhð
Ny
S
>fpsu
kdpS>_p¡
kfv$
p
f
hëgccpB
`V$
¡
g
rhð
ârscp
A¡
h
p¡
X
®
$
spS>¡
s
fdp„
L$
p
¡
_
¡
A¡
_
pes
ep¡
?
-d¡
O
_pv$
v$
¡
k
pB
39.
50
dp„
op_`uW$
`y
f
õL$
p
f
dpV$
¡
L$
p
¡
_
u
`k„
v
$
N
u
B
?
-cpgQ„
Ö
_¡
d
pX$
¡
40.
"rldpge
v$
i
®
_
ep¡
S
>_p
'
L$
e
p„
fpÄe¡
iê$
L$
f
u
?
-DÑfpM„
X
$
41.
vy
$
r
_ep_u
âd
rhð
dlpkpNf
rhop_
L$
p
¢
N
°
¡
k
cpfs_p
L$
e
p„
il¡
f
dp„
a¡
b
y
°
A
pfu-
2015
dp„
Apep¡
r
S>s
B
lsu
?
-L$
p
¡
[
ÃQ
42.
L$
¡
[
ÞÖe
Apfp¡
Á
e
d„
Ó
pge
Üpfp
L$
e
p„
qv$
h
k_¡
fpô²
$
u
e
L©
$
r
ddy
¼
s
qv$
h
k
sfuL$
¡
Op¡
r
js
L$
f
pep¡
?
-
10
a¡
b
y
°
A
pfu
43.
a¡
b
y
°
A
pfu-
2015
dp„
ÓuÆ
fpô²
$
u
e
gp¡
L
$
Av$
p
gsdp„
L$
¡
V
$
g
p
dpdgpAp¡
_
p¡
r_L$
p
g
ep¡
?
ApNpdu kdedp„ g¡hp_pf sdpd cfsu `funpAp¡
dpV$¡ L$ç`¡V$uV$uh B[ÞX$ep_u V$ud Üpfp s¥epf e¡gp
dlÐh`|Z® A_¡ D`ep¡Nu L$fÞV$ Aa¡k®_p âí_p¡

5. L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep
d¡ 2015
C
O
M
P
E
T
I
T
I
V
E
I
N
D
I
A
44. hpey_u NyZhÑp QL$pksu cpfs_u âd dp¡bpBg
A¡à`_y„ _pd iy„ R>¡ ?
-kaf A¡f
45. rhð dps©cpjp qv$hk ?
-21 a¡by°Apfu
46. î¡›$ raëd_p¡ Ap¡õL$f A¡hp¡X®$-2015_u rhS>¡sp raëd ?
-bX®$d¡_
47. ^ raëd l¡fuV$¡S> apDÞX$¡i__p b°p„X$ A¡çb¡k¡X$f `v$¡ L$p¡_u
r_dZ|„L$ B ?
-Ardspc bÃQ_
48. qÓÅ¡ L$pQbp dlp¡Ðkh Apkpddp„ L$ep„ ep¡Åep¡ ?
-lpÅ¢N kfp¡hf
49. L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp vy$sphpk k„b„^u aqfepv$p¡ v|$f L$fhp
L$B iê$Aps B R>¡ ?
- "dv$v$' `p¡V®$g
50. õhÃR> cpfs Arcep_ A„sN®s L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf¡ 10
fpÄep¡ dpV$¡ 460 L$fp¡X$_u fL$d d„S|>f L$fu lsu. S>¡dp NyS>fps
dpV$¡ L$¡V$gu R>¡ ?
40.95
51. f¡gh¡ bS>¡V$ 2015/16dp„ A_pfrns qV$qL$V$ Mfuv$_pf_u
kyrh^p dpV$¡ L$B iê$Aps B R>¡ ?
-"Apµ`f¡i_ 5 rdr_V$'
52. DÅ® L$¡[ÞÖs hprj®L$ riMf k„d¡g_ "DÅ® k„Nd-2015'
_p Ahkf¡ hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖcpB dp¡v$uA¡ kyMu k„`Þ_
gp¡L$p¡_¡ `p¡sp_u N¡k kbrkX$u ÐepNhp A_yfp¡^ L$fsy L$ey„
Arcep_ iê$ L$ey® ?
-"rNh BV$ A`'
53. v$¡i_p Apif¡ 5 L$fp¡X$, 77 gpM S>¡V$gp _p_p
L$pfp¡bpfuAp¡_¡ gp¡_ Ap`hp _f¡ÞÖcpB dp¡v$u Üpfp L„$B
b¢L$_u iê$Aps B ?
-dyÖp b¢L
54. dpB¾$p¡ e|r_V$¹k X$¡hg`d¡ÞV$ a„X$ qfapB_p„k A¡S>Þku _y„
Vy„$Ly$ _pd ?
-dyÖp b¢L$
55. ed_ Mps¡ lpDsu rhÖp¡luAp¡ rhê$Ý^ kpDv$u Afb
A_¡ AÞe 10 v$¡ip¡ Üpfp iê$ e¡gp "Apµ`f¡i_ qX$kpBrkh
õV$p¡d®' _u L$pe®hplu v$frdep_ cpfs¡ Alu akpe¡gp cpfsue
_pNqfL$p¡_¡ bQphhp Apep¡rS>s L$f¡gy lhpB A_¡ kdyÖu
Arcep_ L$ey„ R>¡ ?
-Apµ`f¡i_ fpls
56. `pR>gp L$¡V$gpL$ qv$hku QQp®õ`v$ b_¡gp iåv$ "_¡V$
Þe|V²$prgV$u' _p¡ kp¥ âd D`ep¡N L$p¡Z¡ L$ep£ lsp¡ ?
-âpµ. V$ud h| (L$p¡g„rbep e|r_.)
57. NyS>fps_¡ BÞV$f_¡i_g apB_p[Þkeg lb sfuL$¡
õpr`s L$fhp dpV$¡ rNãV$ rkV$u(NyS>fps BÞV$f_¡i_g
apB_p„k V$¡L$ rkV$u) dpV$¡_p _hp r_edp¡ kp¡_p L$p¡X$ Ål¡f
L$fhp spS>¡sfdp„ Np„^u_Nf Mps¡ L$p¡_y„ ApNd_ ey lsy ?
-Aê$Z S>¡V$gu
58. ApB.`u.A¡g.-8 _y„ Dv$¹OpV$_ L$ep„ ey ?
-BX$_ NpX®$_(L$p¡gL$Ñp)
59. NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ Np„^u_Nf Mps¡_p cpõL$fpQpe®
B[ÞõV$V$¹e|V$ apµf õ`¡k A¡[àgL$¡i_ A¡ÞX$ ÆAp¡ BÞap¡d£qV$¼k
-bpek¡N, Üpfp L$¡V$gu _hu V$u.hu. Q¡_g iê$ L$fhp
Apep¡S>_ ey R>¡ ?
-16
60. spS>¡sfdp„ äp„k_p âhpk¡ Ne¡gp hX$pâ^p_
_f¡ÞÖcpB dp¡v$uA¡ `¡qfk Mps¡ L$p¡_u ârsdp_¡ `yó`p„S>gu
A`®Z L$fu lsu ?
-dlrj® Afthv$
61. _¡spÆ kycpjQ„Ö bp¡T `f Ap^pqfs `yõsL$
"B[ÞX$epT rbN¡õV$ L$hf A`' _p g¡ML$ L$p¡Z R>¡ ?
-A_yS> ^f
62. "õhÃR> cpfs Arcep_' _u Ahr^ ky^u_u R>¡ ?
-2 Ap¡L$V$p¡bf 2019
63. _¡`pmdp„ Aph¡gp c|L„$`dp„ cpfs¡ dv$v$ê$` hp L$¡hy
Apep¡S>_ L$e®y ?
-Apµ`f¡i_ d¥Óu
64. qv$L$fu kp`_p¡ cpfp¡ _u `Z hlpg_p¡ v$qfep¡ R>¡, s¡
bpbs_u kp®L$sp kp¡ b¡V$u bQphp¡ Arcep__¡ kd®_
Ap`hp ìepS> A_¡ L$f dp„ fpls Ap`su L„$B ep¡S>_p
_f¡ÞÖcpB dp¡v$u_u kfL$pf Üpfp Adgdp„ dyL$hpdp„ Aphu
R>¡ $?
-"kyL$Þep kd©[Ý^ ep¡S>_p'
65. d„ÓuAp¡ sp V$p¡Q_p Ar^L$pfuAp¡_¡ Ap`hpdp„
Aphsp "NpX®$ Apµa Apµ_f' âp dlpfpô²$ Üpfp b„^
L$fhpdp„ Aphu. Ap âp S>¡ s¡ kde¡ L$p¡_p dpV$¡ b_phpe¡gu
lsu ?
-rb°qV$i L$prg_ hpBk fp¡e A_¡ Nh_®f S>_fg dpV$¡
66. "_hp¡ DÐkpl _hy L$v$d' _pd_y„ hL$sìe L$ep„ b¡ v$¡i
Üpfp Åfu ey ?
-cpfs-L$¡_¡X$p
67. v$¡i_y„ âd kp¥f DÅ® àgp„V$ ^fphsy q¾$L$¡V$ õV$¡qX$ed
L$ey R>¡ ?
-rQÞ_põhpdu(b¢Ng|ê$)

6. L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep
d¡ 2015
C
O
M
P
E
T
I
T
I
V
E
I
N
D
I
A
cpfs-BTfpeg Üpfp rhL$kphpe¡g gp„bu f¢S>_u
rdkpBg bfpL$-8
L$¡ÞÖ_p Nfubgnu L$pe®¾$dp¡_p Adgdp„ -NyS>fps âd
õpr_L$ Qy„V$ZuAp¡dp„ afÆeps dsv$p_ L$fph_pf âd
fpÄe NyS>fps
cpfs A_¡ c|sp_ hÃQ¡ _pg„v$p rhð rhÛpge_¡
rhL$kphhp dpV$¡ A¡d.Ap¡.ey.
cpfs-Qu_ k„eyL$s ârinZ Aæepk - l¡ÞX$ B_ l¡ÞX$
2014, `|Z¡
âh©rÑ Ap^pqfs op_-âop fpÄe_u b^u S> âprdL$
õL|$gp¡_¡ hj® 2017 ky^udp„ "âop õL|$g' b_phhpdp„
Aphi¡.
L$¡[ÞÖe d„Óu Ddp cpfsu Üpfp hj® 2015_¡ "S>m
k„fnZ hj®' sfuL$¡ DS>hhp_y„ Apep¡S>_ ey.
QpBëX$ l¡ë`gpB_ _„bf -1098
ey.`u.A¡k.ku._p Q¡fd¡_ -qv$`L$ Nyáp
bg}__p A¡[ÞS>r_efp¡ Üpfp dpDk_p õp_¡ _hy "agp¡'
_pd_y„ D`L$fZ rhL$kphpey.
lp¡_®rbg dlp¡Ðkh _pNpg¡ÞX$ Mps¡ ep¡Åep¡.
Ad¡qfL$pdp„ L$¡rgap¡r_®ep Mps¡ vy$r_ep_p¡ kp¥u dp¡V$p¡ `phf
àgp„V$ -V$p¡`pT kp¡gpf àgpÞV$.
Þe| kpD h¡ëk A_¡ NyS>fps hÃQ¡ "rkõV$f õV$¡V$' _p¡
A¡d.Ap¡.ey.
NyS>fps kfL$pf Üpfp hj® 2014/15_¡ "frh L©$rj
rhL$pk hj®' sfuL$¡ DS>hhpdp„ Apìey.
25 qX$k¡çbf 2014u 20 rS>ëgpAp¡dp„ "îrdL$
L$ëepZ' d¡mp_y„ Apep¡S>_
ApB.bu._p _hp hX$p sfuL$¡ qv$_¡ðf idp®
lqfepZp Mps¡ L$ë`_p Qphgp e|r_hrk®V$u iê$ L$fhpdp„
Aphu.
v|$^ k„Æh_u ep¡S>_p -26 Apqv$hpku spgyL$pdp„ iê$
B(9 gpM bpmL$p¡_¡ gpc)
v$¡idp„ 12 l¡qfV$¡T rkV$u rhL$kphpi¡. NyS>fpsdp„u ÜpfL$p
fpµ _p hX$p sfuL$¡ -fpS>¡ÞÖ MÞ_p
cpfs Üpfp dp¡f¡riek k¡_p_¡ h¡Qhdp„ Aph¡gy âd
eyÝ^ S>lpS> ku.Æ.ku. bpfLy$X$ R>¡.
lqfepZpdp„ spS>¡sfdp„ Apµ_gpB_ A¡a.ApB.Apf.
_p¢^hp dpV$¡_y„ h¡b `p¡V®$g "lf kde' iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìey.
ApB.ku.ApB.ku.ApB. b¢L$ Üpfp ApZ„v$ rS>ëgp_y„
Ap„Ly$v$ Npd v$ÑL$ g¡hpey.
dlpfpô²$dp„ dprlsu Ar^L$pf dpV$¡_u AfÆ Apµ_gpB_
L$pfu iL$pe R>¡.
hX$p¡v$fp _ÆL$ lfu^pd kp¡MX$p Mps¡ Ap„sffpô²$ue drlgp
k„d¡g_ ep¡S>hpdp„ Apìey.
D.G.C.A. _p âd drlgp Qua X$pef¡L$V$f -A¡d.
kÐehsu
bu.`u.A¡g. `qfhpfp¡_¡ 5 qL$gp¡_p N¡k rkrgÞX$f
Ap`hp_u ep¡S>_p_y„ _pd C.S.R (L$pµ`p£f¡V$ kpdprS>L$
DÑfv$preÐh)ep¡S>_p R>¡.
V$pV$p kd|l_p õp`L$ S>di¡v$Æ V$pV$p_p kçdp_dp„ õd©rs
rk½$p¡ Åfu ep¡.
ep¡S>_p Apep¡N_p õp_¡ A[õsÐhdp„ Aph¡gp _urs
`„Q_p D`pÝen Afthv$ `_NqY$ep R>¡.
v$¡i_p hpBapB f¡gh¡ õV$¡i_ âd-b¢Ng|ê$, buSy>-_hu
qv$ëlu A_¡ ÓuSy>-L$pmy`yf(Adv$phpv$) R>¡.
Adv$phpv$ çe|r_rk`g L$p¡`p£f¡i_¡ "_Nf v$i®_ epÓp'
_pdu bk krh®k iê$ L$fu R>¡. S>¡dp rkr_ef rkqV$T__¡
das dykpafu L$fphpi¡.
dy¿e Qy„V$Zu L$rdi_f `v$¡ lqfi„L$f b°ûp bpv$ _u
r_dZ|„L$ B R>¡.
X$p„N_p¡ kdph¡i NyS>fpsdp„ pe s¡ dpV$¡ kp¥u h^y
ep¡Nv$p_ Ap`_pf õhs„Ósp k¡_p_u O¡gycpB _peL$ R>¡.
S>¡ spS>¡sfdp„ r_^_ `pçep.
õhv$¡iu b_phV$_y„ âd lmhp hS>__y„ A¡f ¾$pãV$ "s¡S>k'
_p¡ cpfsue hpeyk¡_pdp„ kdph¡i ep¡.
NyS>fps fpÄedp„ dy¿ed„Óu r_i|ëL$ `iy kpfhpf
ep¡S>_p_p¡ âpf„c ep¡.
`|h® hX$pâ^p_ X$pµ. d_dp¡l_tkO¡ `Qud b¡L$¡gu Npd,
_f¡ÞÖcpB dp¡v$uA¡ hpfpZku_y„ S>ep`yf, fplyg Np„^uA¡
Ad¡W$u_y„ qv$l sp kp¡r_ep Np„^uA¡ fpe bf¡gu_y„ DX$hp
Npd Apv$i® N°pd ep¡S>_p A„sN®s `k„v$ L$ey® R>¡.
Qy„V$Zu `„Q¡ spS>¡sfdp„ Ap`¡gu ud "kfm _p¢^u kfm
ky^pfZp' R>¡.
S>_ ^_ ep¡S>_p_¡ rNr_T byL$ Apµa hëX®$ f¡L$p¡X®$dp„ õp_
dýey.
ApNpdu kdedp„ g¡hp_pf
sdpd cfsu `funpAp¡ dpV$¡
cph_Nf_u â¿eps A_¡
`fuZpdgnu A¡¼k`V®$ A¡L$¡X$¡du
Üpfp s¥epf e¡gp L$¡V$gpL$
L$fÞV$ Aa¡k®_p a¡L$V$¹¹k

7. L$ç`¡V$uV$uh BrÞX$ep
d¡ 2015
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hj® 2015_p âÅkÑpL$ qv$hk_u DS>hZu_p dy¿e dl¡dp_ Ad¡qfL$p_p
fpô²$`rs bfpL$ Ap¡bpd lsp. DS>hZu_u ud "drlgp ki[¼sL$fZ' lsu.
fpÄeL$np_p âÅkÑpL$ `h®_u DS>hZu v$¡hc|rd ÜpfL$p rS>ëgp_p M„cpmuep
Mps¡ B lsu.
ÅZusp L$pV®||$r_ô$ Apf.L$¡. gÿdZ_u ApÐdL$p " ^ V$_¡g Apµa V$pBd' R>¡.
cpfs-friep k„Nus dlp¡Ðkh "rS>dpa¡õV$' Np¡hp Mps¡ DS>hpep¡¡
NyS>fpsdp„ "hp„Q¡ NyS>fps' bpv$ L$¡ÞÖdp„ _f¡ÞÖcpB dp¡v$u Üpfp "fuX$ B[ÞX$ep'
L$¡ç`¡B_ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìey.
hs®dp_ hj£ NyS>fps_p Qpf ìe[¼s_¡ `Ú î¡Zu_p `yfõL$pf A¡_pes ep.
S>¡dp A¡g.L$¡. AX$hpZu-`[ågL$ krh®k, X$pµ. s¡S>k `V$¡g-Apfp¡Áe, îu
NyZh„s ipl-kprlÐe A_¡ L$gp, X$pµ. lfNp¡thv$ qÓh¡v$u-Apfp¡Áe R>¡.
JNNURM ep¡S>_p_y„ _hy _pd AMRUT(Ad©s ep¡S>_p)-AV$g rdi_ apµf
fuTeyA¡_¡V$ A¡ÞX$ Ab®_ V²$p„kap¡d£i_. bpv$dp„ s¡_y„ _hy _pd hëgccpB `V$¡g
lpDtkN rdi_ ey.
NyS>fpsdp„ kp¥âdhpf Np¥ AæepfÎe b_phu Nuf s¡dS> L$p„L$f¡Æ Npep¡_y„
k„h^®_ L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.
NyS>fpsdp„ àgpõV$ B[ÞX$ep BÞV$f_¡i_g e|r_hrk®V$u õ`pi¡.
i¡fu_p a¡fuepAp¡ dpV$¡ Ap¡mML$pX®$ iê$ L$f_pf fpS>L$p¡V$ âd il¡f bÞey.
cpfsue _p¥k¡_p Üpfp dp_hue klpesp A_¡ Ap`rÑ fpls Aæepk-HARD
_u iê$Aps gnqÜ`dp„ L$fhpdp„ Aphu.
35dp„ _¡i_g N¡çkdp„ NyS>fps¡ _hdy õp_ d¡mìey.
cpfsue ep¡N rinL$ ep¡NfpS> ku`uA¡ 40 L$gpL$ ky^u ep¡N L$fu rNr_T byL$_p¡
_hp¡ f¡L$p¡X®$ b_pìep¡
hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖcpB dp¡v$u Üpfp fpS>õp__p N„Np_Nf Mps¡u "S>du_
õhpõÕe L$pX®$ ep¡S>_p' _p¡ `°pf„c ep¡.
Qu_ rlÞv$ dlpkpNfdp„ cpfs_¡ O¡fhp dpV$¡ buÅ v$¡ip¡ kp¡ dmu_¡ "[õV²ÞN
Apµa `g®' _u gíL$fu fZ_urs A`_phu füy R>¡.(rhõs©s dprlsu L$ç`¡V$uV$uh
B[ÞX$ep_p Sy>gpB-2013_p A„L$dp„)
spS>¡sfdp„ hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖcpB dp¡v$u Üpfp dp¡f¡riek Mps¡ "rhð rlÞv$u
krQhpge' ch__y„ Dv$¹OpV$_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey.
1 d¡ NyS>fps fpÄe õp`_p qv$hk_u DS>hZu sp`u rS>ëgp_p hX$pdL$ ìepfp
Mps¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.
v$¡icfdp„ Nyd e¡gp bpmL$p¡_¡ ip¡^hp `p¡rgk Üpfp "Apµ`f¡i_ õdpBg'
Qgphpey
L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf Üpfp rl`¡V$pBV$uk-bu _p DÞdyg_ dpV$¡_p Arcep__p b°pÞX$
A¡çb¡k¡X$f sfuL$¡ Ardspc bÃQ_ R>¡.
kfL$pf_p¡ bpmL$p¡ dpV$¡_p¡ fkuL$fZ_p¡ L$pe®¾$d BÞÖ^_yj R>¡.
drlgpAp¡_¡ BÞV$f_¡V$ kp¡ Å¡X$hp dpV$¡ N|Ng Üpfp "V|$ N¡^f Apµ_gpB_'
Arcep_ iê$ L$fhpdp„ Apìey.
L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf_p `qfhl_ rhcpN Üpfp Qpf^pd_u epÓp `f S>sp hpl_p¡ dpV$¡
"N°u_L$pX®$' âq¾$ep iê$ B.
L$¡ÞÖ kfL$pf_p `qfhl_ rhcpN Üpfp Qpf^pd_u epÓp `f S>sp hpl_p¡ dpV$¡ "N°u_L$pX®$'
âq¾$ep iê$ B.
f¡gh¡_u L$pepL$ë` L$fhp dpV$¡_u krdrs_p âdyM sfuL$¡ fs_ V$pV$p_u r_dZ|„L$ B
"rhð cpfsu rhð rhÛpge'_p Ly$g`rs sfuL$¡ hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖcpB dp¡v$u r_e|L$s
ep.
hX$pâ^p_ _f¡ÞÖcpB dp¡v$u Üpfp õhÃR> cpfs Arcep__p cpN ê$`¡ dlpfpô²$_p
`y_p_p rS>ëgp_p riê$f Mps¡u "àgp[õV$L$ dy¼s cpfs' Arcep__u iê$Aps B.
cpfsue d|m_p _p¡b¡g rh¡S>¡sp X$pµ. h¦L$V$fpd_ fpdq¾$óZ_ fp¡eg kp¡kpeV$u_p AÝen
sfuL$¡ r_e|L$s ep.
ApNpdu 8 dpQ® 2016_p fp¡S> cpfsdp„ k|e®N°lZ v$¡Mpi¡.
hj® 2014_p v$pv$pkpl¡b apmL$¡ A¡hp¡X®$ rhS>sp Arc_¡sp iiuL$`yf R>¡.
cpfs_p cpfsu M¡f_¡ äp„k_p¡ khp£ÃQ k„õL©$rs A¡hp¡X®$ Ap`hpdp„ Apìep¡.
kpr_ep _l¡hpg b¡X$tdV$_ L$` rhð f¢qL„$Ndp„ âd ¾$d¡ `lp¢Q_pf âd drlgp bÞep.
spS>¡sfdp„ fpS>õp_ Mps¡ JV$_p riL$pf `f ârsb„^ dyL$pep¡ R>¡.
ApB.`u.ku.ku._p Q¡fd¡_ `v$¡u fpS>¡ÞÖ `Qp¥fu_y„ fpÆ_pdy
-cpfs-_¡`pm hÃQ¡_p¡ k¥r_L$ Aæepk¾$d k|e® qL$fZ-VIII
ap¡åk® d¡N¡rT__u hs®dp_ hj®_u epv$udp„ 6 cpfsue drlgpAp¡_p¡ kdph¡i S>¡dp Djp
kp„Nhp_, ArMgp îur_hpk_, riMp idp®, Q„v$p L$p¡Qf, qL$fZ dS|>dv$pf, Aê„$^su
cË$pQpe® kdprhô$ R>¡.
f¡gh¡ epÓuAp¡_u kdõepAp¡_p r_L$pg dpV$¡ l¡ë`gpB_ _„. 138
drlgpAp¡_p r_c®ep a„X$ dpV$¡ 1000 L$fp¡X$_u apmhZu
_hp `p„Q AIMS _u õp`_p L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. s¡ dpV$¡ S>çd| L$íduf, `„Åb, srdg_pX|$,
rldpQg âv$¡i A_¡ Akd `k„v$Nu `pçep R>¡.
_urs Apep¡N l¡W$m "AV$g _hpQpf rdi_' -AIM _u õp`_p L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.
kfL$pf Üpfp 1 S|>_u rb_k„NW$us n¡Óp¡_p L$pdv$pfp¡ dpV$¡ AV$g `¡Þi_ ep¡S>_p iê$
L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡.
Ad¡qfL$pdp„ cpfs_p _hp fpS>v|$s- Aê$Ztkl
cpfsue `yfpsÐh kh£nZ l¡W$m "Apv$i® õdpfL$ ep¡S>_p' Üpfp Ly$g 25 õdpfL$p¡_¡ `k„v$
L$fhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. NyS>fps_y„ A¡L$dpÓ õm `pV$Z_u hph R>¡.
f¡`p¡f¡V$ 0.25 % OV$pX$u 7.50 % L$fpep¡. sp L$¡i qfTh® f¡riep¡ 4 % R>¡.
"dpê$ Of' ep¡S>_p_p¡ Adg L$ÃR> Æëgp_p fp`f spgyL$pdp„ L$fhpdp„ Aphi¡. S>¡dp r`ef
L$¡ kpkf¡ _ aphsy lp¡e s¡hu drlgpAp¡_¡ Apifp¡ Ap`hpdp„ Aphi¡.
dpQ® 2015_u bp¡X®$_u `funp_p¡ lpD vy$f L$fhp dpV$¡ `p¡rgk rhcpN Üpfp rhÛp}Ap¡
dpV$¡ Mpk l¡ë`gpB_ "Æh_ Apõp d¡ÞV$g l¡ë' iê$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu.
hj® 2014_p¡ kprlÐe AL$pv$du `yfõL$pf NyS>fpsu cpjp dpV$¡ Arð_ dl¡sp_¡ A¡_pes
ep¡ lsp¡.