This document describes four types of organizational cultures: clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy. Each culture is defined by its dominant characteristics, leadership style, management of employees, organizational glue, strategic emphasis, and criteria for success. For example, a clan culture is personal like a family, leadership is mentoring and facilitating, employees are managed through teamwork and consensus, and loyalty creates organizational glue.

1. Characteristics Cultures
1. Dominant organizational
characteristics
Clan: Personal, like a family
Adhocracy: Entrepreneurial, risk taking
Market: Competitive, achievement oriented
Hierarchy: Controlled and structured
2. Leadership style Clan: Mentoring, facilitating, nurturing
Adhocracy: Entrepreneurial, innovative, risk taking
Market: No-nonsense, aggressive, results oriented
Hierarchy: Coordinating, organizing, efficiency
oriented
3. Management of employees Clan: Teamwork, consensus, and participation
Adhocracy: Individual risk taking, innovation,
freedom, and uniqueness
Market: Competitiveness and achievement
Hierarchy: Security, conformity, predictability
4. Organizational glue Clan: Loyalty and mutual trust
Adhocracy: Commitment to innovation, development
Market: Emphasis on achievement and goal
accomplishment
Hierarchy: Formal rules and policies
5. Strategic emphasis Clan: Human development, high trust, openness
Adhocracy: Acquisition of resources,
creating new challenges
Market: Competitive actions and winning
Hierarchy: Permanence and stability
6. Criteria for success Clan: Development of human resources, teamwork,
concern for people
Adhocracy: Unique and new products and services
Market: Winning in the marketplace, outpacing
the competition
Hierarchy: Dependable, efficient, low cost