Companies act
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A company is a voluntary association of persons for the purpose of doing business. It has a distinct name, limited liability, and a permanent paid up share capital divided into shares of a fixed amount. Some key characteristics of a company include separate legal entity, limited liability of members, perpetual succession, ownership of separate property, ability to sue and be sued, and transferable shares. There are several types of companies including chartered companies incorporated by royal charter, statutory companies incorporated under a special act of parliament, and registered companies formed under the Companies Act.
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1) A company is defined as an artificial legal entity created under the Companies Act for the purpose of earning profits or achieving charitable goals.
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A joint stock company is formed when people contribute capital to operate a business. It has a separate legal identity from its shareholders. Some key steps to form a joint stock company include:
1) Draft the memorandum and articles of association which outline the company's objectives and governance structure.
2) Register the company with the appropriate authority and obtain a certificate of incorporation.
3) Hold the first board meeting to make policy decisions and elect directors and officers.
4) Issue shares to raise capital from shareholders and begin business operations.
A joint stock company allows for increased capital, limited liability, and transferable shares. It must comply with legal requirements to exist as a separate legal entity from its owners.
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A joint stock company is an incorporated association with a separate legal existence from its members. It has a perpetual succession regardless of member changes and its members have limited liability. Key characteristics include separate legal identity, members having limited liability for company debts, capital divided into freely transferable shares, and control being separated from ownership with directors managing on behalf of shareholders. It is created by law as an artificial legal person distinct from natural persons.
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A joint-stock company allows for unequal ownership through shares that represent proportions of ownership. Shareholders own shares that can be traded without affecting the company's continued operations. Joint-stock companies provide shareholders limited liability, where they are only responsible for debts up to their investment. They also have continuous existence separate from shareholders and are managed by a board of directors elected by shareholders. One of the earliest known joint-stock companies dates back to 1250 in France, though the model became more prominent in the 16th century with companies like the English East India Company.
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The document discusses key features of companies including:
1) A company is an association of people who come together with a common goal and have separate legal identity from its members.
2) A company's liability is limited to the shares owned by its members whose liability is limited to the amount unpaid on shares held.
3) Ownership and management are separated with shareholders electing directors to manage the company on their behalf.
4) A company has a perpetual existence that continues regardless of changes in ownership.
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This document provides an overview of company law in India based on the Companies Act of 1956. It defines a company as a voluntary association formed for business purposes that has a distinct name and limited liability. It discusses the types of companies (public, private, unlimited), classifications based on ownership (government, non-government, foreign), and key concepts like corporate personality, perpetual succession, and holding/subsidiary relationships. The document also summarizes the formation process for companies and objectives of the Companies Act.
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A joint stock company is a voluntary association of individuals who contribute capital to operate a business. It has a legal identity separate from its members so that the company continues even if members die. Joint stock companies require large capital investments from members. They are registered and regulated by law, have perpetual existence, limited liability for members, transferable shares, and management elected democratically by shareholders.
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A joint stock company is a voluntary association of individuals having a capital divided into transferable shares. It is an artificial legal entity separate from its members, with perpetual existence. A company's members have limited liability and can transfer their shares freely. It takes a large number of members and capital to operate on a large scale and undertake complex operations, which allows for professional management, efficiency, and social benefits like employment and development. However, companies also face limitations like difficulty forming, potential for control by groups, speculation, and delays in decision making.
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2. The key differences between each type of company are explained such as membership requirements, ability to invite public subscription, filing of accounts and reports, and liability of members.
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Public limited company
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companies-act-1956.ppt
The document discusses the key aspects of companies under the Companies Act of 1956 in India, including:
- A company is a legal entity separate from its owners that is formed by a group of people to undertake business activities. It can be formed through an Act of Parliament or by registering under the Companies Act.
- The memorandum of association lays out the constitution of the company by outlining provisions regarding its name, registered office, objectives, liability of members, and share capital. It defines and confines the company's powers.
- There are different types of companies based on factors like liability, membership, incorporation, and whether they are private or public. Key requirements of private and public companies are outlined.
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→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
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Companies act
- 2. Company Company means a company formed and registered under this Act or an existing company as defined the Act. • Voluntary association of persons • Purpose of doing business. • Distinct name and limited liability.
- 3. • According to Indian companies Act 1956, a joint stock company as “ a company limited by shares having a permanent paid up or nominal share capital of fixed amount divided into shares also of fixed amount, held and transferable as stock and formed on the principle of having its members only the holders of those shares or stocks and no other persons”. Definition
- 4. • Separate legal entity • Limited liability of members • Perpetual succession • Common seal • Separate property ownership • Transferable shares • Capacity of sue and being sued Characteristics of a company
- 5. • Chartered companies • Statutory companies • Registered companies Types of companies
- 6. • Incorporated under a special Royal Charter. • Issued by the king or queen. • Regulated by the provision of that charter. Chartered company
- 7. • Incorporated under the special Act of Parliament or legislature. • All activities of statutory companies are governed by the special Act which they are established. Statutory Companies
- 8. • Unlimited Companies • Companies Limited by Guarantee • Companies Limited by shares • Private Limited Company • Public Company Registered Companies
- 9. • Government Company • Foreign Company • Holding and Subsidiary Company Other forms…
- 10. Thank you