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PersuasiveS
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CuyamacaCollegeA
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Estelle W
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Reference:
 Lum
enLearni ng-Boundl essCo
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H
ill.
Persuasionis theprocessof creating,
reinforcing, orchangingpeople’sbeliefs or
actions.
W
h
e
nyouspeaktopersuade,youactasa
n
advocate.Y
ourjobis togetlisteners to
agreewithyouand,perhaps,toactonthat
belief.
Y
ourgoalm
a
ybetodefenda
nidea,to
refutea
nopponent,tosell aprogram,orto
inspire peopletoaction.
Targetaudienceis theportionofthewhole
audiencethatthespeakermostwants to
persuade.
N
omatterh
o
wnobleyourintentionsorh
o
w
hardyoutry
,youcan’tpersuadeallthe
peopleall the time.
Itonlymakessense,then,todecidewhich
portionoftheaudienceyoumostwantto
reach.
C
O
N
T
E
N
T
S
1
P
ersuasive
S
p
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sofF
act
2
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ersuasive
S
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so
n
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u
e
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o
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sofV
a
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e
3
P
ersuasive
S
p
e
e
c
h
e
so
n
Q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
sofPolicy
4
P
ersuasive
S
p
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c
h
e
sTipsa
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c
k
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ersuasiveS
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nQ
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act
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t
i
o
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u
e
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i
o
na
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o
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tt
h
etruthor
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u
e
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o
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fF
a
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o
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es
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i
o
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a
ninformativ
es
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h
.
02 H
o
w
e
v
e
r
,t
h
esituationfora
n
informativ
es
p
e
e
c
hisn
o
n
p
a
r
tis
an
.
T
h
ea
i
mistog
i
v
einformationas
impartiallyaspossible.
03 T
h
esituationforapersuasiv
es
p
e
e
c
ho
n
aq
u
e
s
t
i
o
noffactispartisan.T
h
e
speaker’
sa
i
mistopresento
n
ev
i
e
wof
t
h
efactsaspersuasivelyaspossible.
T
h
e
r
eare3basict
y
p
e
sof
questionsoffact:
 historicalcontroversy
,
 questionsofcurrentexistence,
 a
n
dpredictions.
Q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
so
fF
a
c
t
T
h
es
p
e
a
k
e
rh
a
sa
nethical
responsibilitytopro
vid
e
reliable,v
alide
v
i
d
e
n
c
etot
h
e
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
e
,a
n
dtob
ea
w
a
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eof
a
n
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v
o
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dbiasint
h
eselection
oft
h
ee
v
i
d
e
n
c
e
.
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p
e–T
opicallyo
r
g
a
n
i
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e
d-E
x
a
m
p
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e
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i
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r
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e
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e
r
s
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a
d
em
y
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
ethata
ne
a
r
t
h
q
u
a
k
eof9
.
0ora
b
o
v
eo
nt
h
e
RichterscalewillhitCaliforniaint
h
en
e
x
tt
e
ny
ears.
C
e
n
t
r
a
li
d
e
a
:thereare3g
o
o
dreasonstobeliev
ethata
ne
a
r
t
h
q
u
a
k
eof9
.
0ora
b
o
v
eo
nt
h
e
RichterscalewillhitCaliforniaint
h
en
e
x
tt
e
ny
ears.
M
a
i
np
o
i
n
t
s
: 1.Californiaisl
o
n
go
v
e
r
d
u
eforam
a
j
o
re
a
r
t
h
q
u
a
k
e
.
2
.
m
a
n
y
geologicalsignsindicatethatam
a
j
o
re
a
r
t
h
q
u
a
k
em
a
y
h
a
p
p
e
n
s
o
o
n
.
3.expertsa
gr
e
ethata
ne
a
r
t
h
q
u
a
k
eof9
.
0ora
b
o
v
ecouldstrike
Californiaa
n
yd
a
y
.
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u
e
s
t
i
o
n
so
fF
a
c
t
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ersuasiveS
p
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e
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h
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so
nQ
u
e
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t
i
o
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sofV
a
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u
e
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e
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o
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l
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e
-A
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e
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t
i
o
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b
o
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tt
h
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o
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h
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ality
,a
n
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Q
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e
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i
o
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so
fV
a
l
u
e
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ersuasives
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h
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tthats
o
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e
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isrightorw
r
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,m
o
r
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i
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o
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a
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,orbetteror
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o
r
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et
h
a
na
n
o
t
h
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rthing
.
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h
es
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c
hs
h
o
u
l
dinclude
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e
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l
,criteriafor
j
u
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g
e
m
e
n
t
,a
n
dfactsthat
sup
p
ortt
h
ea
p
p
e
a
lu
s
i
n
g
t
h
ej
u
d
g
e
m
e
n
tcriteria.
Q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
so
fV
a
l
u
e
“Ie
n
j
o
ybicycleriding.
”–thisisy
o
u
rpersonalt
a
s
t
e
/
e
n
j
o
y
m
e
n
t
,n
o
ta
b
o
u
tv
a
l
u
e
.
“Bicycleridingist
h
eidealf
o
r
mofl
a
n
dtr
ansportation.
”–thisis as
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
ta
b
o
u
taq
u
e
s
t
i
o
nofv
a
l
u
e
.
Y
o
uc
a
n
’
ts
a
y
,“Bicycleridingist
h
eidealf
o
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mofl
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n
dtr
ansportationb
e
c
a
u
s
eIlikeit.
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h
e
t
h
e
rbicycling is
t
h
eidealf
o
r
mofl
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n
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ansportationd
o
e
s
n
’
td
e
p
e
n
do
ny
o
u
ro
w
nlikes/dislikes.
 D
e
f
i
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et
h
em
e
a
n
i
n
gofy
o
u
rv
a
l
u
e
:w
h
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ty
o
um
e
a
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ya
nidealf
o
r
mofl
a
n
dtransportation?
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o
u
rs
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
sregardingt
h
ev
a
l
u
e
.
 O
r
g
a
n
i
z
ey
o
u
rsupports/evidences/proofs/reasons…
Q
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e
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t
i
o
n
so
fV
a
l
u
e
T
opicallyo
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:top
e
r
s
u
a
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em
y
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
ethatbicycleridingist
h
eidealf
o
r
mofl
a
n
d
transportation.
C
e
n
t
r
a
li
d
e
a
:bicycleridingist
h
eidealf
o
r
mofl
a
n
dtransportationb
e
c
a
u
s
eitisf
a
s
t
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rt
h
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o
rr
u
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i
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g
,d
o
e
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n
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te
x
p
l
o
i
ta
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i
m
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l
so
rp
e
o
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l
e
,isn
o
n
p
o
l
l
u
t
i
n
g
,a
n
d
p
r
o
m
o
t
e
st
h
eh
e
a
l
t
ho
ft
h
erider(
4
s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d
s
)
.
M
a
i
n
p
o
i
n
t
s
: 1.shortlye
x
pl
a
i
nt
h
e4standardstot
h
ea
u
d
i
e
n
c
e
.
2.focuso
ne
x
pl
a
i
ni
ngw
h
ybicycleridingm
e
e
t
salltho
sestandards.Providing
supports/evidences/proofs/reasons…
P
ersuasiveS
p
e
e
c
h
e
so
nQ
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
sofPolicy
03
Q
u
e
s
t
i
o
nofPolicy
-A
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
na
b
o
u
tw
h
e
t
h
e
ra
specificcourseofaction
s
h
o
u
l
dors
h
o
u
l
dn
o
tb
et
a
k
e
n
Q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
so
fP
o
l
i
c
y
S
p
e
e
c
h
e
st
og
a
i
np
a
s
s
i
v
e
a
g
r
e
e
m
e
n
t:
t
h
espeaker’
sg
o
a
listoc
o
n
v
i
n
c
et
h
e
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
ethatag
i
v
e
npolicyisdesir
able
w
i
t
h
o
u
te
n
c
o
u
r
a
g
i
n
gt
h
ea
u
d
i
e
n
c
etot
a
k
e
actioninsu
pportoft
h
epolicy
.
S
p
e
e
c
h
e
st
og
a
i
ni
m
m
e
d
i
a
t
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
:
t
h
espeaker’
sg
o
a
listoc
o
n
v
i
n
c
et
h
e
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
etot
a
k
eactioninsupportofa
g
i
v
e
npolicy
.
Q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
so
fP
o
l
i
c
y
G
a
i
np
a
s
s
i
v
ea
g
r
e
e
m
e
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te
x
a
m
p
l
e
s
:
T
op
e
r
s
u
a
d
em
y
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
ethattheres
h
o
u
l
db
estrictersafetystandardso
na
m
u
s
e
m
e
n
t
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a
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krides. T
o
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e
r
s
u
a
d
em
y
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
ethatt
h
ea
g
eforfulldrivingprivilegess
h
o
u
l
db
eraisedto1
8
.
T
op
e
r
s
u
a
d
em
y
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
ethatt
h
efederalg
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
ts
h
o
u
l
drequireseatbeltso
nallschoolb
u
s
e
sint
h
e
U
.
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.
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a
i
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m
m
e
d
i
a
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c
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i
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a
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:
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a
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em
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e
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u
a
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em
y
a
u
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i
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c
etov
o
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eint
h
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e
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tpresidentialelection.
T
op
e
r
s
u
a
d
em
y
a
u
d
i
e
n
c
estartaregularexercisep
r
o
g
r
a
m
.
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i
o
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h
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ef
r
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r
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o
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c
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?
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o
ur1
s
t
stepistoc
o
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elisteners
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r
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.
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l
a
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ft
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et
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?
O
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o
uh
a
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es
h
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w
nthata
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r
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o
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e
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g
.
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Pr
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it
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egardlessofh
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ro
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-ca
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