This document provides a review and analysis of adapting two famous Western TV shows, American Idol and America's Next Top Model, to the Vietnamese market. It summarizes the original formats and reviews of the shows, then evaluates the adapted Vietnamese versions. Common barriers identified include modifications needed to account for cultural differences and obtaining positive fan feedback. Online voting, an important part of the original shows' formats, also plays a key role in the successful adaptation of the Idol franchise.

1. MEDC 5360
Commonly found
barriers when
adapting foreign TV
shows in VN
MEDC 5360
DEC 3, 2011 IN THIS ISSUE
I-Introduction
by Ken Bui
Nowadays, International Communication Research Method
deals a lot with flow of media content,
especially entertainment from one country The report hand picks two world famous
to another. The early success of globalization Western franchises which has been a proved
and initial forming of global village gives success with so many awards and fans
some people a tempted conclusion that the around the world: America’s Idol and American Idol
world is moving towards a uni-culture where America’s Next Top Model to have an in-  Concept: Search for the stars!
everybody speaks and enjoys the same depth observation to their common
“language”. This is not always the case. The troublesome journey when being adapted to  Awards: Won 6 Primetime Emmys.
report herein provides a look in the Vietnam market. Another 34 wins & 92 nominations
adaptation process of famous TV shows from
The data to support comes from  Seasons: 11
the West to the East (Vietnam) in an effort to
illustrate the challenging road to connect to
Source #1: Format review. Show formats are  Show status in Vietnam: Season 3
world audience nowadays
audited for areas of modifications that could
Vietnam media market is in its booming explain the positive and negative fan
stage as a result of globalization. This was feedbacks
marked by the development of cable TV and
emerging show business. People in Vietnam Source #2: Collecting public feedback, this
now have daily access to Western TV shows. include press information and also individual
After a while, it is a fact that not every viewers’ opinion (via web survey)
foreign show is a guaranteed success. Some
wins, some loses miserably. Depending on Report Structure
perspective, some frequent questions are
asked: What could stop the power of The report is followed by the format
Western cultural imperialism? What does it America’s Next Top Model
take to be successful in today's  Original Show review  Concept: Become the next “it” girl
entertainment market? No matter what side  Adapted Show review
readers belong to, the report could lend  Evaluation  Awards Won 5 and 25 nominations
a useful insight by identifying “ commonly u  Seasons : 18
found barriers when adapting foreign TV
shows” in Vietnam market.  Show status in Vietnam: Season 2

2. II-Original show review
American Idol
Show essence:
“It takes only one day to change your lives”
American Idol is all about a journey of self-
realization and transformation. In a way,
American Idol has a two in one offer- the
dramatic function of a soap opera and
realistic function of a reality show. Let’s have
a look at past 10 American Idol. Excerpt from
American Idol’s official website:
Before AMERICAN IDOL, Lee DeWyze
worked as a paint store clerk in Mt. Prospect, moved onto the final Hollywood round. If the Following each performance episode, a
IL. Kris Allen was a college student from performance was not up to par, the results show airs that reveals the breakdown
Conway, AR. David Cook tended bar in Blue contestant would have one more chance to of the voting public's decision. The most
Springs, MO. Chris Daughtry was a service impress the judges before the final round. popular contestants are not typically
advisor at a car dealership in Greensboro, For the first time, contestants were allowed revealed (although they have been in very
NC. Carrie Underwood lived on a farm in to perform with a musical instrument if they rare cases), but the bottom three least
Checotah, OK. Jennifer Hudson was a cruise so desired. popular contestants are typically called to
ship performer from Chicago, IL. Kelly the center of the stage. From the bottom
Clarkson was a waitress from Dallas, TX. Semifinals three, the bottom two are revealed, until
finally the contestant who received the
Format From season four to seven, the semifinals lowest amount of votes is eliminated from
were cut down to twenty-four contestants the competition. A montage of the
Hollywood Ticket Round: who were divided by gender in order to contestant's experience is played and they
ensure an equal division in the top twelve. give their final performance.
Idols tour some key cities and offer tickets to The men and women would sing on
Hollywood (next round) for qualified hopefuls sequential nights and the bottom two would
be eliminated from each group on the results
show until the top twelve finalists were left. In the finale, one remaining contestant is
declared the winner. The winner is
**Note: announced at the following results show. The
winner receives a one million (US) dollar
In season eight, the semifinals will go back to record deal with a major label, and is
the basic form of the first three seasons. managed by American Idol-related 19
There will be thirty-six semifinalists who are Management. In some cases, other finalists
then divided into three semifinal groups. The have also been signed by the show's
three finalists with the highest number of management company (who has first option
America's votes, one male, one female and to sign contestants) and received record
the next top vote getter, will advance to the deals with its major label partner.
finals. The Wildcard round will also return
with the judges choosing three previously
Hollywood (Theater) Round: eliminated contestants to advance to the
finals.
The contestants perform on different days,
with dramatic eliminations by the judges on Finals
each day.
In the finals, each finalist performed a song
Starting in the 2008 season, the structure of weekly theme (two songs in later rounds) at
the Hollywood round was revamped. There CBS Television City in Los Angeles in front of
were no longer musical group rounds (the a live studio audience. Themes have included
group round was reintroduced in the 2009 Motown, disco, big band music, and
season); rather, the contestants would sing Billboard #1 hits. .the finalists have a chance
on the first day and if the judges felt the to work with that artist in preparing their
performance was adequate, the contestant performances.

3. ONLINE VOTING plays a key role
HIGHLIGHTS
in successful adaptation of Idol
franchise
MC
Ryan Secreast, famous DJ/anchor for Fox, has been
MC for Idols since season 1. He fits the profile listed in Key success factor According to Fremantle Media's format
format bible bible, the Idol franchise contains four
The majority of factors which form the core value essential components
of the show lie in its personnel, which are, the MC,
judge and contestants - A specific look in set design, color,
logos, sequence of events, role of
1- The MC
host(s) and judges, lighting and
camera angles, et cetera
Below are role of MC define in the Bible:
The perfect host for Idol should be slightly - Contracting audience members/
more interesting than vanilla…Fashionable contestants for the actual TV
but not like he’s trying to upstage anyone. program
Funny but not necessarily a comedian.
Confident but not necessarily cocky. He - Basing the elimination of
should be like a good child; speak when contestants on telephone vote
spoken to and recognize his place in the
family. This show is first and foremost - Interactive online forum
Judges about the singers and then about the
From Season 1-6, Idols have a judge panel of 3 including
judges, and maybe if we’re lucky after that,
Paula Abdul, Simon Cowell and Randy Jackson. Since and we have time, it should be about the
season 8, the format introduces the fourth judge to add host (as quoted in Gillis, 2003; emphasis in
more spice to the show. the original)
2- The Judges
The judges’ panel is carefully picked to play
their designed role. There are three (four)
judges with different characters and
functions. One female judge will provide
comfort, the other provides technical AE is known for its daring contestants..
feedback but neutral, and the final one is
super critical and harsh. The most difficult
Season 9, marks the retirement of Paola.
one usually is the lead judge (Simon Cowell
Season 11 says good bye to Simon to welcome a whole Season 1-10)
new band of judges that includes Jennifer Lopez, Rock
star Steven Tyler and Ellen Degenerous 3- The contestants
They are the utmost stars of the show,
nothing should change this. The contestants
should reflect the mission of the show-telling
a compelling story of transformation,
overcoming obstacles and come home a
changed person
… who never stop pushing the envelope

4. Critics against American Idol II-Original show review
America’s Next Top Model
Although the Idol series success is long
lived, it doesn’t mean it did not receive
any critics at all industry experts. In addition to the
regular judges, usually there is a special
Among the frequent anti-comments are guest judge related to that week's
the followings. This point out what Show Essence:
theme. Contestants are sometimes
American Idol is missing given a final challenge in some area of
America's Next Top Model chronicles
the transformation of everyday young modeling such as posing, runway
Should base more on vocal talents:
women into potentially fierce walking, selling a product, or choosing
supermodels. Fourteen participants will an appropriate outfit or makeup to
American Idol did not judge on singing
live together and vie for the incredible satisfy a given situation. Each
talent alone, but based on the contestant's photo, or video
contestant’s overall entertainment grand prize: an opportunity to be
managed by Wilhelmina Models, a performance, is then shown and
abilities
fashion spread in Seventeen magazines, evaluated by the panel. After all photos
and a $100,000 contract with Cover Girl have been evaluated, the contestants
Professional coaches/judges:
Cosmetics leave the room and the judges
deliberate
One of the complaints in regard to the
The show’s famous slogan: Are you
American Idol judges was that they Key success factors
ready to be on TOP?
weren’t always professional singers
themselves Format  A powerful host: the show is
hosted by Tyra Bank, the
Blind auditions Each "Cycle" of the show consists of 9– creator and executive producer
18 episodes and starts with 10–25 herself. As a big name in world
In order to ensure that the contestants contestants. In each episode one stage, Tyra’s fame lends
are judged on voice alone during the contestant is eliminated, though in rare credibility to the show
auditions, in other shows, the judges sit cases there may be a double elimination  A “bitch” character among
with their backs to the stage and make or no elimination at all, based on the contestants: the rule of 13
their selections without ever actually consensus of the judging panel young girls living together is the
seeing the contestant. set up for a drama-packed
Each episode usually begins with the scenario where contrasting
Less wacko contestants receiving training in an area personality come to climax
concurrent with the week's theme
 Internal scandals as seeds for
American Idol was well known for social media buzz: the show is
Each episode, which covers the events of
sharing some of its audition scenes with full of gossip which created
roughly one week of real time, is usually
those who were seeking lime-light flames for free publicity,
associated with a theme in the world of
without any true talent to back it up attracting more young viewers
modeling, such as dealing with the press
in interviews, selling a commercial
Dual competition Critics against ANTM
product, appearing in a runway show, or
visiting prospective employers in "go Despite its continued success with
American Idol limited its contestants to
sees". Each episode typically features a season 18 on the way, ANTM received
solo acts
fashion challenge. quite harsh critics. Below are some
Current stars outstanding comments
The next segment is usually a photo
This was something American Idol never shoot, Performance in each week's ANTM "hasn't exactly produced any
had. The argument is Paola Abdul and photo or video shoot is typically weighed actual supermodels." (Allure Magazine)
Steven Tyler was way over their prime. quite heavily in the final judging, photo
shoot or commercial, critique of each "always espousing empowerment and
contestant's performance by the judging female strength and then forcing the
panel, and the elimination of one or contestants into embarrassing scenarios
more contestants far outside the realm of real-life
modeling." (Yahoo's "Shine" lifestyle
The final segment of each episode website)
involves judging by a panel of fashion

5. VN IDOL RECAP
III-Vietnam adaptation review Trio Judges Season 1
Vietnam Idol
In this part, we look into problems that arise Anh tended to throw provocative
during the adaptation of the show format comments on a frequent basis, which in a
into the local context way steal the attention away from the
show. Rather than building him a
1- “Unentertaining” lame performances confident and elegant figure, Phan Anh
chose to become somewhat a seasoned
Audience constantly experience feeling rock star which goes against the show
of being embarrassed rather than spirit in the first place
entertained. Most Hollywood ticket
Left to right, SIu Black, Tuan Khanh, Ha Dung
round performance are just pure lame, There is no comparison with original
not “cute”, which kills audience’s version’s MC, Ryan Seacrest in terms of
Trio Judges season 2
attention to the show very early professionalism or appropriateness
2- Controversial comments from Judges 4- Lack of powerful “wow” performance
Even when we got to Theater and Final
In all three seasons, judge panel never rounds, audience can’t feel satisfied with
stop receiving harsh critics from public, the actual acclaimed “transformation”
who believe they never before seen such from the Idols themselves. Considering to
kind of comment before. Among popular many other singing contest at the same
critics includes time and in the past, the performance
really fall short
Thanh:
10/09/2010 07:19:30 PM 5- Online voting irregularities
Họ không nhận ra nhiều lời nói của họ thể
hiện sự thiếu suy nghĩ, không tôn trọng Right on the first season, audience has Left to right, Manh Tuan, S.Black, Ho Hoai Anh
bản thân họ (lack of self respect for raised questions about the fairness of the
themselves and for contestants..) show. It happens with the accusation of Trio Judges season 3
Myhuong: false counting. This request an
BGK Lớn hết rồi... mà cứ như trẻ con... emergency audit by
Nhận xét thì lại thiếu tôn trọng thí sinh ... A public auditor from the Singaporean
Theo tôi BGK như zậy là ko xứng auditing firm Paul Hooi & Co during the
đ|ng....Cần xem lại c|i th|i độ của Grand Finale
mình đấy....Mỗi lần xem là tôi bực BGK
ghê đấy...(they are adults but acting like 6- New Media fail to catch up buzz
chidren, they are not qualified for being
judges, they need to reconsider their 7- Change of TV broadcast channel season
attitudes) after season
This is a sign of a problematic show. The
What happen in Vietnam Idol, which show struggles to find itself a stable
audience never saw in American Idol is, channel for airing. First season was aired Left to right, Quoc Trung, Siu Black, NQ Dung
they changed judge panel every season. on HTV7, the next one on HTV9, and the
The only person that maintains the role is latest season was shown on VTV6. Host
Siu Black. She was presumed to play the Notably, the channel resilience and
role of the much loved Paula Abdul. Siu prestige also descend in that order.
Black is a singer herself and famous for
having a strong personality but somehow
in the show she plays the comforting
judge role dz
3- Malfunctioning host
Despite what we know early about how a
Master of Ceremony should perform in
Idol series, a supporting role rather than
the shining star himself. Vietnam Idol
proves the opposite. MC season 2, Phan Phan Anh

6. progress claims three girls
III-Vietnam adaptation review mentioned earlier would pay about
$714.000 (15 billions VND) due to
Vietnam’s Next Top Model contract violation
which is supposed to be the Not only the contestant but the
main objective judge themselves can’t keep
When being adapted to Vietnam, America’s secrets as well. first season head
Next Top Model travel even bumpier road. judge Hà Anh has showed the
Protested feedback includes
They earn the “golden hour” but receive one intention to file lawsuit regarding
comment from Judge Do Manh
of the harshest critics from public in recent her privacy of tweeting online
Cuong towards contestant Nguyen
years since the booming of game show and
Hoang Oanh upon her leaving the
reality format Aside from information leaking, the
show for accused cheating in her
resume other common abuse found in the
Below are some recaps of the troubles faced show is contestants’ fake identity
by production team and background. The original show
“I am so disappointed with
contestant Hoang Oanh..she is about finding pure beauty who
1. Recruitment failure desires to become successful in this
behaved like an uneducated..she
thought she is Number 1…I hereby super competitive profession they
Right in the first seasons, the show
announce she will not ever gain a never experience before. However,
has to cope with serious casting when adapting to Vietnam, the
issue. The original judge panel position in my shows..Consider this a
warning…I never say this before, show attracts a great deal of under
includes Singer/international model the radar models who wants
and hope not to ever have to say this
Nathan Lee, international female again..” another boost into their current
model Elizabeth Thủy Tiên and fashion career. Producers and judge did a
designer Hoàng Ngân. They were terrible job of scanning
shooting halfway through the show 4. Concerns about judge’s contestant’s profiles, which lead to
before being trashed and replaced by eligibility belated disqualification which
total new panels. This delayed the Given the profession’s upset audience and made the show
launch of Vietnam Next Top model and completive nature, a huge messy
creates a negative impression from amount of concern regarding
audience judge’s validity has been
shown.
2. Conflicts among judges and
Aside from Ha Anh, a well
show producers
known Vietkieu Model, who has
It was later revealed the solid experience in catwalk in
departure of the former judges New York, London,etc, the
was not based on mutual
other judges from season 1
consent. The producers accuse does not gain trust from
Nathan Lee for unprofessional
contestants given their
behaviors and inappropriate
background
conducts towards show host
Duc Hai, replacement judge is
Elizabeth Thuy Tien purely known for his role in
In his defense Nathan Lee told Xuan Lan- Vietnam’s Tyra Banks
some TV series, not for his
press he just hold different modeling career
perspective about how the Huy Vo, the second
show should be executed, replacement judge was found
which lead to their unresolvable out later to only be a student
conflict Fashion Design Institute at the
time of production
3. Inappropriate comments from
Judges 5. Contest violation
Vietnam Next Top Model Another never before seen
launched 2 years after incidence in Vietnam Game
American Idol but soon catch
show business was again visible
up in terms of negative public During filming finallists Hoàng
feedback towards its judge Oanh, Thùy Dương and Phương
panel. There is a belief the show Nghi are faced with a lawsuit from
is trying to show personality of producers for spoiling and leaking
the judges, not the contestants, elimination order of unaired
Season 2 judges
episodes. The lawsuit in its

7. are more susceptive to feedback and 4. New Media failed to catch
IV-Common barriers criticism from panel as well as TV audience.
In a way, this is deeply rooted in culture of
up to boost the public
awareness
Vietnam and Asia as a whole
When it comes to art, when the performer is
Idols and America Next Top Models own
1. TV show Judges is a new not at his or her best state of mind, the end
their success to huge online fans and buzz
result is not satisfactory to everybody
and non-nature Job with created from social network. Sadly these
Vietnamese activities were not maximized in the context
of Vietnam. Although one of the fastest
Nguyen Quang Dung, one of 3. Show mission failed to growing country in terms of internet users,
season 3, Vietnam Idol judge translate into local social network only find its home in Vietnam
answered a paper about his context in last 12 months. People in Vietnam use
refection on the show and the role Internet mostly for news search and online
of judge as a whole. He said One of the key successes and also the chat.
essence of American Idol is the story of a solo
“nobody get rich being a TV show hero who overcome obstacle to become It might take a while before these shows can
judge, but more often than not, famous, changing his life. really have a reality fan base as big as home
most of them, including myself go country.
through “near-death experience..” Vietnam has similar stories about hero leave
town conquer his own deeds and come home
“(Vietnamese) still not yet consider a changed man, making his village proud
this a real job…that’s why we can’t
preempt the accidents it brings However, it does not work that way for
about. I start to refuse being a Vietnam Idol because singing up until now
judge on TV show because the was never consider a “prestige” profession in
more I got into it; the more I realize local tradition. It might take a while to
it should be studied as a profession, change this mindset, but it definitely explains
a very hard one to master…” why Vietnam Idol fail to connect with viewers
deeply on a personal and emotional level like
The judges related American Idol did in the US.
accidents/scandals does not only
happen in one show but appear To be fair, people watch Vietnam Idol for the
across almost any big franchise visual and audio value of it only, which make
that includes a judge panel. Idol in Vietnam become mundane like any
Moreover, among those who got other entertainment show. This is not the
booed, there are big names in the case with the original proud format
local show business, who was
Similarly, America’s Next Top Model fas a
previously known and respected for
famous slogan that summarize its core
their speech of wisdom.
message “ Do you want to be on top?”
Aside from Thần tượng Việt Nam
(Vietnam Idol), Người mẫu Việt Compared to Idol series, America’s Next Top
Nam (Vietnam next top model), model face even a bigger trouble since it
Bước nhảy ho{n vũ (Dancing with challenges most of society values
the stars), Cặp đôi ho{n hảo (Just
the two of us). Are shows that Somehow the show essence created itself a
attract public and their overt huge disadvantage to find affinity and
attention towards judges approval from local audience who is still Only 36% respondents’ visit social network compared
comment. In fact, Brilliant Artist, foreign to behind the scenes lives of models. to 94% who does news reading and 92% searching
Tran Tien was forced to quit the Additionally, the audience also feels
show under public rage regarding (Cimigo’s Vietnam net citizens report 2011)
alienated with the cut-throat environment
his comment in the show regarding illustrated in the show (which is true to
a dance by Top Model Thu Phuong. original format). Most participants come
He actually said “ I love your ass to from country side, where most the
be more sexy..” traditional values are kept and maintained.
This explains the confusion as well as
2. Contestant failed to let go disapproval of public towards seeing their
to offer relaxed and country fellow “mistreating” each other for a
profession that society does not consider
entertaining performance
very “decent”.
Compared to original formats, it is
apparent that local contestants seem
more self-conscious in front of camera. They

8. EVALUATION
When putting the above four factors into close examination, aside from exception of social buzz which is technology-
related, it stands to reason that these barriers could be traced back to culture. As defined in many previous materials,
Culture is an organized group of ideas, habits and conditioned responding shared by members of a society.(Linton, 1956)
or like Parsons and Shils (1951) has pointed out “culture is composed of a set of values norms and symbols that guide
individual behaviors”
Since American Idol and next top model has a lot to do with self-presentation in front of public, in a way, it requires local
contestant doing something against their learned behaviors, which are controlled manners upon a group of outsiders.
When this happens, the viewers can sense the uncomfortable too, because Vietnamese culture said that it’s rude to let
other people continue their embarrassing acts without stopping them.
Secondly, one of the highlighted values of Vietnam is its solidarity which helps Vietnamese overcome the devastating wars
against imperials like America, China and France. However, shows like America’s NeXT Top model the way they produced
it, forces views to see a total contrast of that belief, promoting instead individualism, selfishness via stories about country s
girls fighting over being models, which is not considered a decent job according to contemporary social values
While we can see how difficult it is being contestants on the show, it’s much harder for a local to play “judge” role in this
reality show. Vietnamese as an Asian culture show respect for people in daily communication. In critics, unlike Westerners,
Vietnamese try to get to the point without hurting others’ feelings. On the other hands, the key success factor of western-
based reality is the heating conversation when Judges sabotages and sometimes makes fun of contestant’s awkward
moments. Imagine pressure a judge has to go through. First, consider how to break the news to lousy contestants who
deserve to leave without being rude. Second, think of ways to deal with tough contestants who ready to fight back with
judge’s comments. Last, defend themselves when their fellow judges hold a contrasting point of view. Since Vietnamese
society is pretty about maintaining solidarity and relationship, respect and honor, it’s tough to be on a hot seat and judge
people. In most of the cases, the judges are the ones who are judged by the public
As Lord David Putnam (1998) film maker and British Junior Minister of Education argued in an introduction speech about
audiovisual industry as an important component of a nation’s culture
“Stories ...are among the principal means by which societies transmit their values and beliefs, from generation to
generation, and community to community
Mismatched stories are another factor that decides American Idol and Next Top Model’s failure in Vietnam culture market.
Next Top Model famous slogan- “Are you ready to be on Top” does not translate well in Vietnam context. At a
conservative society that values hard working and fairness, the aggressive attitude brought by the show received angry
feedbacks as a results. In the case of American Idol, the original show try to sell a universally friendly theme, a hero with
disadvantaged background overcome obstacles to become a start, making his country/hometown proud. However, it does
not work well in Vietnam because singing does not deem to be such an honorable career and more importantly
Vietnamese does not have a single hero culture, they promote solidary and strength of team as a whole, not individualism.
In conclusion, cross culture media products happen more and more everyday as a direct result of globalization that enables
faster international communication flow. TV shows are among important components in that pipeline of communication.
While some TV shows are globally famous and welcomed almost everywhere, some shows received resistance when
adapted to local settings. The common barriers have a lot to do with cultures; mostly it comes down to differences in
values, norms and stories. Since the reality TV is the way to go for near future because of its strong relation to TV viewers,
some practical lessons could be learned from adaptation process, which is, better recruitment of local talent that fits show
profile, better guidelines for judges and TV host and better translation of show mission to incorporate local stories.

9. Appendix
Campell, Richard (2010). Media and Culture Bedford/St. Martin
R.Kamalipour Yahya (2007) Global Communication, Thomson Wadsworth
Loch, Karen (2010) Toward a theory-based measurement of Culture, Journal of Global Information Management
Baltruschat, Boris (2007) Reality TV formats: The Case of Canadian Idols, Canadian Journal of Communication
Cimigo (2011) Internet Usage and Development in Vietnam , 2011 Vietnam Netcitizens Report
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reasons-the-voice-is-better-than-american-idol/
11/23/2011. "About Us". http://www.americanidol.com/
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http://www.zing.vn/news/nhac-viet-nam/tuan-khanh-boc-me-giam-khao-cap-doi-hoan-hao/a135314.html
11/11/2011. "Judges on reality TV should be considered a real profession". http://megafun.vn/tin-tuc/nghe-thuat/hau-
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