The document discusses cognitive development and cognitive dysfunction. It covers major theorists in cognitive development like Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner. It outlines typical signs of cognitive development from infancy through adolescence. It then discusses cognitive dysfunction, including potential causes like neurological disorders, injuries, and medications. Common symptoms are described such as memory issues and problems with problem-solving. The document concludes by covering intervention strategies for cognitive dysfunction, including medical management, rehabilitation therapies, and lifestyle changes.

1. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
&
COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION

2. TOPIC
OUTLINE
• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• PIAGET
• VYGOTSKY
• BRUNER
• COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION
CAUSES
• SYMPTOMS
• INTERVENTION

3. COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT
Cognitive development refers to the
gradual and systematic growth of an
individual's mental processes, including
perception, memory, reasoning, problem-
solving, and language acquisition.

5. VYGOTSKY

7. INFANCY (0-2 YEARS):
OBJECT PERMANENCE
SENSORIMOTOR EXPLORATION
IMITATION
EARLY LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
SIGNS OF
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

8. SYMBOLIC PLAY
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPTUAL
UNDERSTANDING IMAGINATIVE
THINKING
EARLY CHILDHOOD (2-6 YEARS):
SIGNS OF
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

9. CONCRETE OPERATIONS
PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS
MENTAL REVERSIBILITY
UNDERSTANDING
MIDDLE CHILDHOOD (7-11
YEARS):
SIGNS OF
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

10. FORMAL OPERATIONS
METACOGNITION
CRITICAL THINKING
COMPLEX PROBLEM SOLVING
ADOLESCENCE (12-18
YEARS):
SIGNS OF
COGNITIVE
DEVELOPMENT

11. COGNITIVE
DYSFUNCTION

12. COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION
COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION REFERS TO A
CONDITION WHERE THERE IS IMPAIRMENT OR
DISRUPTION IN COGNITIVE PROCESSES, WHICH
ENCOMPASS A RANGE OF MENTAL ACTIVITIES
RELATED TO ACQUIRING, PROCESSING, STORING,
AND USING INFORMATION.

13. CAUSES
Neurological Disorders
Psychiatric Illnesses
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Infections and Inflammatory Conditio
Medication Side Effect

14. CAUSES
Substance Abuse
Sleep Disorders
Age-RelatedCognitive Decline
Genetic Factors

15. Memory Impairment
Attention Deficits
Language Difficulties
Executive Function Impairment
Impaired Judgement
Difficulty with Problem-
Solving Spatial Disorientation
SYMPTOMS

16. Mood and Personality Changes
Loss of Motor Skills
Disorientation in Time and Place
Difficulty with Learning
Changes in Social Functioning
SYMPTOMS

17. DELAYED MILESTONES
LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
POOR MEMORY
ATTENTION ISSUES
LANGUAGE DELAYS
SOCIAL CHALLENGES
CLASSROOM CONTEXT

18. IMPAIRED MOTOR SKILLS
BEHAVIORAL CHANGES
EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
CHALLENGES
SPATIAL AWARENESS
ISSUES DIFFICULTY
FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS
REGRESSION

19. INTERVENTION
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
COGNITIVE REHABILITATION
BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
SPEECH THERAPY
PHYSICAL EXERCISE

20. INTERVENTION
NUTRITIONAL
INTERVENTIONS SLEEP
MANAGEMENT
STRESS MANAGEMENT
SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT
SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT

21. TIME FOR
QUESTIONS
!

22. What is the main focus of cognitive
development theories?
a. Emotional growth
b. Physical development
c. Mental processes
d. Social skills

23. Which theorist proposed the Zone of Proximal
Development (ZPD) concept?
a. Jean Piaget
b. Lev Vygotsky
c. Erik Erikson
d. B.F. Skinner

24. At which stage of cognitive development do
individuals typically develop abstract reasoning
abilities?
a. Sensorimotor stage
b. Preoperational stage
c. Concrete operational stage
d. Formal operational stage

25. What is a common symptom of
cognitive dysfunction in children?
a. Increased attention span
b. Early achievement of milestones
c. Limited vocabulary
d. Fluent social interactions

26. What is the primary purpose of scaffolding in
the context of cognitive development?
a. Providing physical support
b. Facilitating learning with guidance
c. Encouraging independent exploration
d. Fostering emotional support

27. In cognitive development, what does the term
"object permanence" refer to?
a. Recognition of familiar objects
b. Understanding that objects exist even when
out of sight
c. Appreciation of abstract art
d. Ability to identify colors

28. Which age group is most likely to experience age-
related cognitive decline?
a. Infants
b. Adolescents
c. Adults
d. Seniors

29. What is a common feature of cognitive rehabilitation
programs?
a. Focusing solely on physical exercise
b. Ignoring emotional well-being
c. Tailoring activities to individual needs
d. Exclusively addressing memory issues

30. Which factor is often considered a protective
element against cognitive decline in older
adults?
a. Sedentary lifestyle
b. Chronic stress
c. Intellectual stimulation
d. Irregular sleep patterns

31. What is the term for a temporary loss of
previously acquired skills or knowledge?
a. Regression
b. Developmental delay
c. Memory lapse
d. Retrograde amnesia

32. THANK
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