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Coaltrans Training Course, Oxford
25th September 2015
nigel.yaxley@energyedge.net
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 2
 Introduction
 Emissions from Burning Coal
 Effects of Emissions
 Abatement and Control Technologies
 Coal and Climate Change
 Existing Regulations and Future Impacts
Dirty coal
Conventional pollutants
Greenhouse gases
Abatement choices
Regulation
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 3
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 4
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 5
Particulates
SO2 – sulphur dioxide
NOx – nitrogen oxides
Also minor and trace pollutants,
including trace elements (e.g. Mercury)
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 6
CO2 – carbon dioxide
CH4 - methane
N2O – nitrous oxide
NB CH4 released during mining
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 7
Fuel switching
Coal cleaning
Reduced operating hours/closure
Retrofitting old plant
New state-of-the-art plant
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 8
Voluntary action
• Action plans
• Non-binding targets
Command and control
• Emissions concentrations in flue gases
• Annual caps on emissions
• Old/new plant standards common
• ‘BAT’ concept – mandate Best Available Technology
• (‘MACT’ in USA – Maximum Achievable Control Technology)
Market mechanisms
• Emissions trading
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 9
How do public attitudes to coal differ
across continents?
Which are the most important
environmental issues around coal?
How should the industry respond to the
barrage of anti-coal propaganda?
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 10
Particulates
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Mercury etc
Carbon dioxide
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 11
Particulates
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Mercury etc
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 12
Particulates
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
Efficiency and ‘clean coal’
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 13
Coal emissions
UN processes
Technology solutions
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 14
Types of regulation
World summary
EU regulation
The future of coal
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 15
Large Combustion
Plants Directive
Industrial Emissions
Directive
2030 Energy Package
Emissions trading
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 16
Climate activism
Divestment campaigns
Pragmatism
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 17
How should coal companies brief
delegations for Paris 2015?
How do the challenges for coal differ
across continents?
Can we put our faith in technology?
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 18
The way forward for coal
Is coal doomed to be the new tobacco
or is there a better solution?
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 19
 Core team
◦ Senior strategic level
experience in major
businesses
 Expert network
◦ Active and deep
working knowledge of
relevant sector
◦ Use of specialists
tailored to meet
clients’ requirements
Coaltrans Oxford 25th September 2015 20

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Coaltrans Oxford Outline 2015 - Nigel Yaxley