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1. Creative Nonfiction
General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences
Lesson 1.3
Conventions, Elements, and
Techniques of Poetry

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3. Both poetry and creative
nonfiction use creative
imagery to create new and
deeper meanings with the
words that they use.
3

4. Learning
Competencies
4
● Identify dominant literary conventions of a
particular genre.
● Analyze and interpret the theme and techniques
used in a particular text (HUMSS_CNF11/12-1b-d-
4).
● Create samples of the different literary elements
based on one’s experience [e.g., metaphor to
describe an emotion] (HUMSS_CNF11/12-1b-d-4).

5. Learning
Objectives
5
● Describe the major conventions, elements,
and techniques of poetry.
● Compare and contrast with conventions,
elements, and techniques of fiction.

6. Let’s
Begin
1. Read the poem, “The Desolate Field” in the
study guide.
2. Recall the elements of poetry and identify
them in the poem.
3. Analyze the poem and find its theme and any
imagery it used.
A Brief Look at Poetry
6

7. Let’s
Begin
7
1. What elements of poetry were you
able to identify?
7

8. Let’s
Begin
8
2. What imagery and figurative language
did the poem use?
8

9. Let’s
Begin
9
3. How did the poem use its imagery
and figurative language to develop
the overall theme?
9

10. Essential
Question
10
How does familiarity with the elements and
conventions of poetry help in writing creative
nonfiction?

11. 11
Structure of Poetry
● Poems structurally look nothing like works of fiction
and creative nonfiction.
● They are usually much shorter and are organized
differently from prose works.

12. Structure of Poetry
The Stanza
● Poems are typically written with stanzas.
● A stanza is a series of poetic lines that are grouped
together.
● These stanzas can then come in different lengths.
12

13. Structures of Poetry
Types of Poetry
● Poetry can also come in many different forms and
types.
● Lyric poetry focuses on the thoughts and emotions of
the poet or the persona.
● Narrative poetry focuses on storytelling.
● Descriptive poetry uses rich imagery in order to
describe the world around the poet or persona.
13

14. Structures of Poetry
Structural Types of Poetry
● Poems can also follow specific structural types.
● These structural types usually follow different rules and
conventions on the following:
○ length of the poem
○ number of lines per stanza
○ number of syllables per line
○ the rhyme scheme of the overall poem
○ the specific topic of the poem
14

15. 15
Elements of Poetry
● Rhythm is how the syllables in
a line of poetry are stressed
and unstressed.
● Meter is the specific syllabic
patterns in the rhythm of a
line of poetry.

16. 16
Elements of Poetry
● Rhyme is made when two words in close proximity of
each other have similar sounds.
● A rhyme scheme is the larger pattern of rhyming in a
poem.

17. 17
Elements of Poetry
● Poets also use other sound patterns like assonance,
consonance, and alliteration.
● Assonance is when vowel sounds are repeated, usually
two or more times in short succession.
● Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds in
the same way as assonance.
● Alliteration is the repetition of starting consonant
sounds in consecutive or nearby words.

18. Check
Your
Progress
18
18
Why do you think rhyme and rhythm are
important elements in poetry but are not as
important in fiction and creative nonfiction?

19. 19
Elements of Poetry
● Voice refers to the speaker and the tone of the poem.
● Speaker is simply the narrator of the poem.
● Take note that the speaker of the poem is not always
the poet. A persona may be used.
● Tone is the speaker’s implied attitude toward its
subject.

20. Writing
Tip
It is important to keep the tone consistent in
any literary work. Always be mindful of the
tone you want to express in your writing and
establish it early so that it can help you choose
your words and imagery.
20

21. 21
Elements of Poetry
● Diction refers to word choice.
● It is closely tied to imagery
and figures of speech.
● Word choices create images,
which are what we perceive
with our senses or
understand with our minds.

22. 22
Elements of Poetry
● Symbolism and allegory is the widespread or extended
use of metaphor.
● When we use a single metaphor to frame an entire
poem or even story, we have begun using allegory.
● If the poet uses a metaphor that has often been used
in a particular way then that is symbolism.

23. 23
● When we use a single
metaphor to frame an entire
poem or even story, we have
begun using allegory.
● If the poet uses a metaphor
that has often been used in a
particular way then that is
symbolism.
Allegory and Symbolism

24. Comparison with Fiction and Creative Nonfiction
Poetry
Lines of poetry are divided
by stanzas. These lines often
have the same main idea.
Fiction/Creative
Nonfiction
Sentences are put together in
paragraphs. Paragraphs have
different main ideas but all
support a main theme.
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25. Comparison with Fiction and Creative Nonfiction
Poetry can come in different
types, like lyric poetry or
narrative poetry.
There are also different
types, like the short story or
the novel for fiction and the
memoir or the autobiography
for creative nonfiction.
25
Poetry Fiction/Creative
Nonfiction

26. Comparison with Fiction and Creative Nonfiction
While there is such a thing as
free form poetry, poems are
often written with specific
structures that dictate
rhyming, number of
syllables, number of lines per
stanza, and more.
Some types of fiction and
creative nonfiction dictate
word count, formality of
language, topic, and more,
but is not as concerned with
structure as poetry.
26
Poetry Fiction/Creative
Nonfiction

27. Comparison with Fiction and Creative Nonfiction
The speaker of the poem,
often referred to as the
persona, is not necessarily
the poet him or herself.
Prose pieces can have many
narrators, from characters
speaking in first person, the
author him or herself, to an
unspecified third person.
27
Poetry Fiction/Creative
Nonfiction

28. Comparison with Fiction and Creative Nonfiction
Tone in poetry is established
by the choice of words and
imagery used in a poem.
Fiction and creative
nonfiction are also concerned
with tone as it shows what
the author feels about the
topic he or she is discussing,
and it is also established by
vocabulary and imagery.
28
Poetry Fiction/Creative
Nonfiction

29. Comparison with Fiction and Creative Nonfiction
Poetry makes heavy use of
imagery and figures of
speech to support the theme
of the poem and to help
establish tone.
Prose texts can also make
use of imagery and figures of
speech, for example in
descriptions, character
dialogue, or in establishing
theme.
29
Poetry Fiction/Creative
Nonfiction

30. Comparison with Fiction and Creative Nonfiction
Many poems are written
around a particular
symbolism or allegory, and it
can be an effective way of
maintaining the theme.
Prose texts can also have
symbolisms and allegories,
usually to establish the
theme, to foreshadow events
or plot points, or to set the
mood, among others.
30
Poetry Fiction/Creative
Nonfiction

31. Try This!
True or False. Write true if the statement is correct.
Otherwise, rewrite the underlined word to make it
true.
1. The speaker of a poem is always the
author.
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32. Try This!
True or False. Write true if the statement is correct.
Otherwise, rewrite the underlined word to make it
true.
2. Word choice helps establish a poem’s tone.
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33. Try This!
True or False. Write true if the statement is correct.
Otherwise, rewrite the underlined word to make it
true.
3. A stanza consists of poetic lines.
33

34. Try This!
True or False. Write true if the statement is correct.
Otherwise, rewrite the underlined word to make it
true.
4. Figures of speech are avoided in poetry.
34

35. Try This!
True or False. Write true if the statement is correct.
Otherwise, rewrite the underlined word to make it
true.
5. Rhyme and rhythm matter more in poetry
than in fiction.
35

36. Wrap-Up
● Poems are divided into stanzas or groups of
lines. The number of lines can vary. It has many
types, like lyric poetry and descriptive poetry,
and even structural types, like haiku or elegy.
● Rhythm is how the syllables are stressed and
unstressed, while meter refers to specific
syllabic patterns in the rhythm of a line of
poetry.
36

37. Wrap-Up
● A rhyme scheme in poetry is a long pattern of
rhyming found in poems.
● Speaker is the persona narrating the poem,
and he or she sets the tone.
● Imagery, figures of speech, symbolism, and
allegory are used to help set the tone and
establish a theme.
37

38. 38
Challenge
Yourself
Choose one of the prompts below and write
poems that demonstrate what is being asked.
1. Write a freeform descriptive poem that
makes use of one literal object that can be
used to symbolize many other things or
meanings.

39. 39
Challenge
Yourself
Choose one of the prompts below and write poems
that demonstrate what is being asked.
2. Write a freeform narrative poem that makes use
of at least one each of assonance, consonance,
and alliteration.
3. Write a lyric poem that follows the Shakespearean
structure as described in the discover section. For
the purpose of this activity, the lines need not be
written in iambic pentameter.

40. Bibliography
“Elements of Poetry.” Literacy Ideas. Accessed April 6, 2021. https://www.literacyideas.com/elements-of-poetry.
Elements: Poetry. Accessed March 5, 2021. https://org.coloradomesa.edu/~blaga/Theory/poetry_elements.html.
Jacksonville, Florida State College at. “Elements of Poetry.” Lumen. Accessed April 6, 2021.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-fscj-literatureforhumanities/chapter/elements-of-poetry/.
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41. Bibliography
Lesson 3: Elements of Fiction. Lumen. Accessed March 5, 2021. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-
distanceminnesota-creativewriting/chapter/lesson-3-elements-of-a-fiction/.
2.2: Elements of Creative Nonfiction. Humanities LibreTexts. Libretexts, July 1, 2020.
https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Literature_and_Literacy/Writing_and_Critical_Thinking_Through_Liter
ature_(Ringo_and_Kashyap)/02%3A_About_Creative_Nonfiction/2.02%3A_Elements_of_Creative_Nonfiction.
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