Thevenin's theorem states that a linear circuit containing sources and elements can be represented by a voltage source and resistance. It allows a complex circuit to be reduced to a simple series circuit. The four steps are: 1) remove the load, 2) determine voltage seen by load (Vth), 3) replace voltage source with short, 4) determine resistance seen by load (Rth). Using these steps, any linear circuit can be converted into a Thevenin equivalent circuit with a single voltage source and resistance.

1. venin's theorem
Thé

2. Introduction:
Thevenin’s theorem is a popular theorem, used often for
analysis of electronic circuits. This theorem states that
a linear circuit containing one or more sources and
other linear elements can be represented by a voltage
source and a resistance. Using this theorem, a model of
the circuit can be developed based on its output
characteristic.
It was discovered in 1883 by
French telegraph engineer Léon Charles Thévenin.

3. Through the use of thevenin theorem , we have the
ability to reduce the complex circuit down to a simple
series circuit .

4. The four steps involved are:
1- First Remove the load.
2- Then determine the voltage seen by the load
(Vth).
3- Then replace the voltage source with a short.
4- At the end determine the resistance seen by
the load (Rth).

5. 1- Remove the load:

6. 2- Determine the voltage seen by the load (Vth):
Since R2 is not connected at one end as it does not carry
any current. Hence it cannot have a voltage drop, the
voltage is present only across R3
Vth=VR3

7. 2- Determine the voltage seen by the load (Vth):
Vth=(R3/R3+R1)*Vs

8. 3- Replace the voltage source with a short:

9. 4- Determine the resistance seen by the load (Rth):
Find the total resistance from the open terminal side which is called
thevinin equivalent resistance (Rth) by removing actual voltage
source from the circuit.
Rth=R2+(R1*R3/R1+R3)

10. Thevenin equivalent circuit:

11. Conclusion:
• Certain circuits can be simplified by using
Thevenin’s Theorem.
• Equivalent Resistance is essential for the
calculation of TEC.
• Ohm’s law is useful in this theorem.
• A linear network can be transferred into a
voltage source.