This document summarizes a research paper on using colloidal copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS) nanocrystals as precursors for printed photovoltaics. It discusses how the nanocrystals are synthesized and then deposited using spray deposition techniques, such as with an airbrush or robotic sprayer, onto flexible plastic substrates. This allows for precise thickness control and deposition over large areas. Initial efficiencies of CIGS solar cells made with this process were around 3.1% on glass and 2% on plastic but increased to over 12% after selenization at 500 degrees C to form Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se

1. Colloidal CIGS and CZTS nanocrystals:
A precursor route to printed photovoltaics
Vahid A. Akhavan, Brian W. Goodfellow, Matthew G. Panthani, Chet Steinhagen, Taylor B. Harvey, C.
Jackson Stolle, Brian A. Korgel
Journal of Solid State Chemistry 189 (2012) 2–12
Sameh Hamzawy
MESC9

2. Outline
 Introduction
 Spray Deposition Technique
 Nanocrystalline Ink Synthesis
 Conclusion

3.  Introduction
 The synthesis and implementation of nanocrystalline
particles.
 Focus on Cu(𝐼𝑛1−𝑥 𝐺𝑎 𝑥)𝑆𝑒2 or (CIGS) nanocrystals, as
the active light absorbing material in PVs devices.
 Spray Deposition(SD) Technique.

4.  Spray deposition by using
an Airbrush.
 Spray deposition by using
Robotic Sprayer .
 Spray Deposition Technique

5. • Precise control over film thickness
• Using of flexible, inexpensive and light-weight
plastic substrates.
• Can be readily applied to larger substrates.
• Very effective and efficient nanocrystal deposition
approach.
 Why Spray Deposition Technique ?

6. • The synthesis reaction equation of CIGS :
• ƞ ≈ 3.1 % on glass
substrates (2012)
• ƞ ≈ 2 % on plastic
substrates
• ƞ > 12 % has been
achieved by converting
Cu(In,Ga)Se2 NC to
Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 via
selenization at 500 C.
 Nanocrystal Ink Synthesis
Guo Q, Ford GM, Agrawal R, Hillhouse HW, Prog Photovolt Res Appl 2012

8.  Relatively low efficient PVs for commercialization.
 High temperature selenization lead to higher efficiency.
 Thin films deposition of inorganic materials under
ambient conditions.
 Plastic PVs can be fabricated.
 Conclusion

9. Thank you
for your attention