CHAPTER FOUR
Explaining Organized Crime
Abadinsky, Organized Crime 10th ed.
According to the theory of "Ethnic Succession,"
organized crime in the United States has been a social
mobility vehicle for disadvantaged segments of the
population. With social and economic success, these
formerly disadvantaged exit crime in favor of
conventional lives. This affects the American Mafia that
now has difficulty attracting prospective members from
traditional "mob neighborhoods."
This chapter examines relevant theories in the fields of
sociology, psychology, and biology.
2
ORGANIZED CRIME THEORIES
Organized crime has been subjected to only limited
attempts at explanation--explanations beyond immoral
people in pursuit of personal gain.
The sociological literature on organized crime is sparse.
Psychology provides even less, but offers some insights.
Biology, in particular neurology, offers an
understanding of problematic behavior.
3
THE STRAIN OF ANOMIE
Building on Durkheim's concept of anomie, R.K.
Merton set forth a social and cultural explanation for
deviant behavior in the U.S.
He theorized that organized crime is a normal response
to "strain" between societal goals and the means
available to the individual to achieve those goals.
He argued that American fixation on economic
success--"pathological materialism"--causes some
individuals to innovate the means to achieve the goal.
4
THE SOCIOLOGY OF ORGANIZED CRIME
THE STRAIN OF ANOMIE (CONT.)
In the 19th century and later, immigrants' lacked access
to acceptable means for achieving societal goals.
But why do middle-class youngsters with access, and
some wealthy and powerful individuals, participate in
organized crime?
And why do some persons suffering from anomie not
turn to organized crime?
E. Sutherland provides an answer in differential
association theory.
5
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION
According to Sutherland, all behavior--lawful and
criminal--is learned.
The principal part of learning occurs within intimate
personal groups.
What is learned depends on the intensity, frequency,
and duration of the association.
When these variables are sufficient, and the
associations are criminal, the individual learns the
techniques of committing crime.
6
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATON (CONT.)
Enclaves where criminal subcultures flourish foster
education in the techniques of sophisticated
criminality.
Instead of conforming to conventional norms, some
persons, through differential association, organize their
behavior according to the norms of a criminal group.
In enclaves with OC traditions, persons exhibiting
criminal norms are integrated in the community,
exposing young people to learning those norms.
7
SUBCULTURES
AND SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION
Culture is a source of patterning of human conduct.
It is the sum of patterns of social relationships and
shared meanings. ...
This document discusses six competing explanations for ethnic differences in offending rates. It outlines four main explanations: 1) Right Realism, which argues faulty socialization leads to criminal subcultures among some ethnic groups; 2) Left Realism, which attributes higher offending to structural factors like relative deprivation and marginalization; 3) Neo-Marxism, which sees crime statistics as a social construction used to criminalize minorities; 4) Neo-Marxism, which argues moral panics are constructed to deflect attention from economic issues. For each explanation, the document evaluates strengths and weaknesses and considers whether the theory indicates actual differences in offending or reasons for apparent differences.
This document discusses neo-Marxist perspectives on crime and deviance, specifically the New Criminology approach developed in the 1970s. It analyzes how structural factors like economic conditions, as well as symbolic resistance, influence criminal behavior and societal reactions. Key points discussed include how the New Criminology blended Marxism with labeling theory; how subcultures like Rastafarianism engaged in symbolic resistance against oppression; and how a moral panic around "mugging" in the 1970s UK scapegoated black youths to address social and economic issues.
This document discusses various perspectives on socio-economic offenses and economic crimes. It provides definitions and theories related to economic crimes, organized crime, white-collar crime, and corruption. Some key points include:
- Economic crimes are illegal acts committed for financial gain, such as theft, fraud, and tax evasion. Motives can include pure economic gain or other personal interests.
- Leading theories of economic crime include the neoclassical approach that views criminal decisions as rational choices based on risk/reward calculations, and illegal enterprise theory that sees criminal organizations operating like legal businesses.
- Organized crime refers to criminal groups that operate over long periods for material benefits through serious criminal acts like drug trafficking. Leading theories are
The document discusses several topics related to globalization including:
1. Globalization represents a complex process that reshapes the international scenario and roles of global players as companies become more multinational and states face new challenges in regulating economic activity.
2. Migration, human/sex trafficking, and transnational organized crime tend to increase with globalization as borders become more porous, but states still have alternatives for effectively participating in globalization.
3. Human/sex trafficking definitions, statistics, and country tier rankings according to compliance with anti-trafficking standards are reviewed, noting it remains a problem in the US as well as globally.
4. Transnational organized criminal groups like drug cartels present strategic
The document summarizes several key theories of crime and deviance:
1) Strain theories propose that people engage in criminal behavior when they are unable to achieve socially approved goals through legitimate means. This includes Merton's theory of anomie and subcultural strain theories.
2) Labelling theory argues that acts are not intrinsically criminal but become deviant based on the labels applied to them. Being labelled criminal can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
3) Marxism views crime as inevitable under capitalism and sees the legal system as serving the interests of the ruling class by punishing the crimes of the poor more harshly.
This document provides an overview of gangs in Russia, Italy, and America. It discusses the origins and developments of Russian gangs (also known as the Russian Mafia) and their political and economic influence in Russia. For Italian gangs, it examines their origins and how popular culture has influenced perceptions of them. Finally, it analyzes characteristics of American gangs and provides details on major gang cities like New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles.
Chapter 10. Political Socialization The Making of a CitizenLear.docxtiffanyd4
Chapter 10. Political Socialization: The Making of a Citizen
Learning Objectives
· 1Describe the model citizen in democratic theory and explain the concept.
· 2Define socialization and explain the relevance of this concept in the study of politics.
· 3Explain how a disparate population of individuals and groups (families, clans, and tribes) can be forged into a cohesive society.
· 4Demonstrate how socialization affects political behavior and analyze what happens when socialization fails.
· 5Characterize the role of television and the Internet in influencing people’s political beliefs and behavior, and evaluate their impact on the quality of citizenship in contemporary society.
The year is 1932. The Soviet Union is suffering a severe shortage of food, and millions go hungry. Joseph Stalin, leader of the Communist Party and head of the Soviet government, has undertaken a vast reordering of Soviet agriculture that eliminates a whole class of landholders (the kulaks) and collectivizes all farmland. Henceforth, every farm and all farm products belong to the state. To deter theft of what is now considered state property, the Soviet government enacts a law prohibiting individual farmers from appropriating any grain for their own private use. Acting under this law, a young boy reports his father to the authorities for concealing grain. The father is shot for stealing state property. Soon after, the boy is killed by a group of peasants, led by his uncle, who are outraged that he would betray his own father. The government, taking a radically different view of the affair, extols the boy as a patriotic martyr.
Stalin considered the little boy in this story a model citizen, a hero. How citizenship is defined says a lot about a government and the philosophy or ideology that underpins it.
The Good Citizen
Stalin’s celebration of a child’s act of betrayal as heroic points to a distinction Aristotle originally made: The good citizen is defined by laws, regimes, and rulers, but the moral fiber (and universal characteristics) of a good person is fixed, and it transcends the expectations of any particular political regime.*
Good citizenship includes behaving in accordance with the rules, norms, and expectations of our own state and society. Thus, the actual requirements vary widely. A good citizen in Soviet Russia of the 1930s was a person whose first loyalty was to the Communist Party. The test of good citizenship in a totalitarian state is this: Are you willing to subordinate all personal convictions and even family loyalties to the dictates of political authority, and to follow the dictator’s whims no matter where they may lead? In marked contrast are the standards of citizenship in constitutional democracies, which prize and protect freedom of conscience and speech.
Where the requirements of the abstract good citizen—always defined by the state—come into conflict with the moral compass of actual citizens, and where the state seeks to obscure or obliterate t.
This document discusses the history and impacts of mass incarceration of African Americans in the United States. It describes how after the abolition of slavery, the convict leasing system allowed private companies to exploit imprisoned African Americans for cheap labor, subjecting them to inhumane conditions and abuse. This laid the foundation for the modern prison industrial complex that disproportionately imprisons African Americans through discriminatory enforcement of drug and other laws. The document examines how mass incarceration has become a lucrative business that continues to negatively impact families and communities of color.
This document discusses six competing explanations for ethnic differences in offending rates. It outlines four main explanations: 1) Right Realism, which argues faulty socialization leads to criminal subcultures among some ethnic groups; 2) Left Realism, which attributes higher offending to structural factors like relative deprivation and marginalization; 3) Neo-Marxism, which sees crime statistics as a social construction used to criminalize minorities; 4) Neo-Marxism, which argues moral panics are constructed to deflect attention from economic issues. For each explanation, the document evaluates strengths and weaknesses and considers whether the theory indicates actual differences in offending or reasons for apparent differences.
This document discusses neo-Marxist perspectives on crime and deviance, specifically the New Criminology approach developed in the 1970s. It analyzes how structural factors like economic conditions, as well as symbolic resistance, influence criminal behavior and societal reactions. Key points discussed include how the New Criminology blended Marxism with labeling theory; how subcultures like Rastafarianism engaged in symbolic resistance against oppression; and how a moral panic around "mugging" in the 1970s UK scapegoated black youths to address social and economic issues.
This document discusses various perspectives on socio-economic offenses and economic crimes. It provides definitions and theories related to economic crimes, organized crime, white-collar crime, and corruption. Some key points include:
- Economic crimes are illegal acts committed for financial gain, such as theft, fraud, and tax evasion. Motives can include pure economic gain or other personal interests.
- Leading theories of economic crime include the neoclassical approach that views criminal decisions as rational choices based on risk/reward calculations, and illegal enterprise theory that sees criminal organizations operating like legal businesses.
- Organized crime refers to criminal groups that operate over long periods for material benefits through serious criminal acts like drug trafficking. Leading theories are
The document discusses several topics related to globalization including:
1. Globalization represents a complex process that reshapes the international scenario and roles of global players as companies become more multinational and states face new challenges in regulating economic activity.
2. Migration, human/sex trafficking, and transnational organized crime tend to increase with globalization as borders become more porous, but states still have alternatives for effectively participating in globalization.
3. Human/sex trafficking definitions, statistics, and country tier rankings according to compliance with anti-trafficking standards are reviewed, noting it remains a problem in the US as well as globally.
4. Transnational organized criminal groups like drug cartels present strategic
The document summarizes several key theories of crime and deviance:
1) Strain theories propose that people engage in criminal behavior when they are unable to achieve socially approved goals through legitimate means. This includes Merton's theory of anomie and subcultural strain theories.
2) Labelling theory argues that acts are not intrinsically criminal but become deviant based on the labels applied to them. Being labelled criminal can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
3) Marxism views crime as inevitable under capitalism and sees the legal system as serving the interests of the ruling class by punishing the crimes of the poor more harshly.
This document provides an overview of gangs in Russia, Italy, and America. It discusses the origins and developments of Russian gangs (also known as the Russian Mafia) and their political and economic influence in Russia. For Italian gangs, it examines their origins and how popular culture has influenced perceptions of them. Finally, it analyzes characteristics of American gangs and provides details on major gang cities like New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles.
Chapter 10. Political Socialization The Making of a CitizenLear.docxtiffanyd4
Chapter 10. Political Socialization: The Making of a Citizen
Learning Objectives
· 1Describe the model citizen in democratic theory and explain the concept.
· 2Define socialization and explain the relevance of this concept in the study of politics.
· 3Explain how a disparate population of individuals and groups (families, clans, and tribes) can be forged into a cohesive society.
· 4Demonstrate how socialization affects political behavior and analyze what happens when socialization fails.
· 5Characterize the role of television and the Internet in influencing people’s political beliefs and behavior, and evaluate their impact on the quality of citizenship in contemporary society.
The year is 1932. The Soviet Union is suffering a severe shortage of food, and millions go hungry. Joseph Stalin, leader of the Communist Party and head of the Soviet government, has undertaken a vast reordering of Soviet agriculture that eliminates a whole class of landholders (the kulaks) and collectivizes all farmland. Henceforth, every farm and all farm products belong to the state. To deter theft of what is now considered state property, the Soviet government enacts a law prohibiting individual farmers from appropriating any grain for their own private use. Acting under this law, a young boy reports his father to the authorities for concealing grain. The father is shot for stealing state property. Soon after, the boy is killed by a group of peasants, led by his uncle, who are outraged that he would betray his own father. The government, taking a radically different view of the affair, extols the boy as a patriotic martyr.
Stalin considered the little boy in this story a model citizen, a hero. How citizenship is defined says a lot about a government and the philosophy or ideology that underpins it.
The Good Citizen
Stalin’s celebration of a child’s act of betrayal as heroic points to a distinction Aristotle originally made: The good citizen is defined by laws, regimes, and rulers, but the moral fiber (and universal characteristics) of a good person is fixed, and it transcends the expectations of any particular political regime.*
Good citizenship includes behaving in accordance with the rules, norms, and expectations of our own state and society. Thus, the actual requirements vary widely. A good citizen in Soviet Russia of the 1930s was a person whose first loyalty was to the Communist Party. The test of good citizenship in a totalitarian state is this: Are you willing to subordinate all personal convictions and even family loyalties to the dictates of political authority, and to follow the dictator’s whims no matter where they may lead? In marked contrast are the standards of citizenship in constitutional democracies, which prize and protect freedom of conscience and speech.
Where the requirements of the abstract good citizen—always defined by the state—come into conflict with the moral compass of actual citizens, and where the state seeks to obscure or obliterate t.
This document discusses the history and impacts of mass incarceration of African Americans in the United States. It describes how after the abolition of slavery, the convict leasing system allowed private companies to exploit imprisoned African Americans for cheap labor, subjecting them to inhumane conditions and abuse. This laid the foundation for the modern prison industrial complex that disproportionately imprisons African Americans through discriminatory enforcement of drug and other laws. The document examines how mass incarceration has become a lucrative business that continues to negatively impact families and communities of color.
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(your resea.docxJinElias52
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(
your research does a very good job of explaining the topic and the changes in FASB. How did you plan to incorporate your reading from the Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan text?
Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., and Sullivan, D. (2015). International Business: Environments and Operations 15e. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN: 13:978-0-13-345723-0.
i want only answer this question
.
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentativepersuasive rese.docxJinElias52
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentative/persuasive research paper given one of the following option:
Argue for or against a business decision, organizational plan, business philosophy, policy decision, or concept related to the class. On Corporate Social Responsibility
.
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe Please respond to th.docxJinElias52
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe"
Please respond to the following,
using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response
:
Describe the functions of ancient myths, using examples from two (2) different neolithic cultures, and comment on whether myth is inherently fictional. Using modern examples, discuss ways modern belief systems, secular or religious, function for modern cultures in a similar fashion.
Explore
Neolithic societies and myths
Chapter 1 (pp. 6-8. 18-23, 29), myths in prehistory and early cultures
Ancient myths in regions around the globe at
http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/worldmap_new.html
and
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/
.
.
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the GlobePlease respond to .docxJinElias52
"Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe"
Please respond to the following,
using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response
:
Describe the functions of ancient myths, using examples from two (2) different neolithic cultures, and comment on whether myth is inherently fictional. Using modern examples, discuss ways modern belief systems, secular or religious, function for modern cultures in a similar fashion.
Explore
Neolithic societies and myths
Ancient myths in regions around the globe at
http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/worldmap_new.html
and
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/
.
.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisYou must review the contents of your n.docxJinElias52
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
You must review the contents of your news article and discuss what type of microorganism it is, if the organism is in nature or is used in industry or causes disease. If it causes disease you must discuss transmission, increasing incidence, factors contributing to the spread of the organism, lab culturing, etc.
300-400 words
.
My TopicI would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s.docxJinElias52
My Topic:
"I would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s fight with learning disability. I chose Helen Keller because she is one of the most important personality and the first person without hearing or sight to earn a BA. Her story is narrated in the movie “The Miracle Worker.”
For additional details, please refer to the Milestone Two Rubric document and the Final Project Document in the Assignment Guidelines and Rubrics section of the course.
.
My topic is the terms a Congress person serves and debate on adding .docxJinElias52
My topic is the terms a Congress person serves and debate on adding limitations to how long a person can be in Congress.
The Pros and Cons of the unlimited terms in congress
Do members of congress to support position people of the state they represent therefore should be able to change and if it will benefit.
How to Add limitations on the term served by congress
Follow the directions below for the completion of the Annotated Bibliography assignment for Unit II.
Purpose: The purpose of the annotated bibliography is to summarize the sources that you have gathered to support your research proposal project. These summaries help you to think about the complex arguments presented in your sources. Description: In this assignment, you will create an annotated bibliography consisting of seven sources. Each entry will consist of a reference list citation, a summary of the source’s information, and a one-sentence assessment. Each annotation should be between 150 to 200 words. If an entry is shorter than 150 words, it is likely you have not fully developed your summary, and this lack of development can severely impact your grade for this assignment.
.
My topic is anywhere, anytime information work, which means tele-wor.docxJinElias52
My topic is anywhere, anytime information work, which means tele-work, and we choose ( AT&T toggle)
I've done all the questions but i need more detail , deep answers .
1- write an introduction about ( anywhere, anytime information work) in details and conclusion about the company and application
2-write a brief explanation about the company it self ( AT&T)
3- plagiarism not accepted
4- use simple words
5- make it 12 or 11 pages
.
My topic for module-2 reaction paper was on news, data, and other me.docxJinElias52
My topic for module-2 reaction paper was on news, data, and other media means of delivering information to the public. When gathering all the information and reflecting on my personal experience when watching, reading or listening to the news outlets was very addicting. To see news clips from the wars past or deployments after the fact was real-time history for most of us (me), yet our families, friends and other members not physically at that location waiting to hear something can be very overwhelming. My question is the methods and absorbing of news
: Are citizens informed about terrorism and is it overwhelming?
.
My Topic for the paper I would like to do my case application on He.docxJinElias52
My Topic for the paper: I would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s fight with learning disability. I chose Helen Keller because she is one of the most important personality and the first person without hearing or sight to earn a BA. Her story is narrated in the movie “The Miracle Worker.”
.
n a 2 page paper, written in APA format using proper spellinggramma.docxJinElias52
n a 2 page paper, written in APA format using proper spelling/grammar, address the following:
Briefly explain Piaget's and Erikson's theories of development. Who had a better theory of human development: Erikson or Piaget? Please offer detail to explain your choice.
What tips would you give to someone who has just suffered a major loss, now that you know the stages of grief?
.
My research proposal is on fall prevention WRTG 394 s.docxJinElias52
My research proposal is on fall prevention
WRTG 394 students,
Your next writing assignment will be a
memo to your instructor for the final report.
Steps to Take in Completing this Assignment:
•
Identify the decision-maker or group of decision-makers to whom you will write your final report
• Describe the specific problem you are attempting to address.
• Prepare some primary research for your report.
• Write a memo to your instructor using the template provided below.
The Role of this Assignment for your Research Report:
This assignment is designed to help you put together the final paper in WRTG 394.
Remember, your final paper in WRTG 394 will be a report in which you do the following:
•
define a problem in your workplace or community persuasively and accurately
•
propose a solution or solutions to the problem or issue
Previous assignments in the class pointed out some sample topics for the report:
• a report to your manager at work suggesting that more teleworking options be given to employees at your workplace
• a report to your supervisor at work suggesting that email be used less frequently for communication and that another application be used to improve communication.
• a report to your manager at work suggesting that your office become paperless
• a report to the board of directors at your townhouse community to argue that the playground area in your community should be renovated
• a report to the manager of your unit at work noting that recycling facilities in the workplace should be improved
For writing assignment #2, you completed a background and synthesis of the literature on your topic.
For this writing assignment, you are going to identify the specific needs in your workplace or community that will be identified for your final report.
Examples of Primary Research for Specific Topics:
•
If you write a report to your manager at work suggesting that more teleworking options be given to employees at your workplace, you cannot simply prepare a report on teleworking. You must show that teleworking will
solve a specific problem or problems in your organization
.
•
If you write a a report to your supervisor at work suggesting that email be used less frequently for communication and that another application be used to improve communication, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of social media in the workplace. You must
show that your specific office has problems in communicating by email and indicate the benefits of using alternative communication systems for your workplace environment
.
•
If you write a report to your manager at work suggesting that your office become paperless, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of a paperless office. You must
show that your specific office can go paperless and indicate the benefits of your specific office going paperless
.
•
If you write a report to the board of directo.
My portion of the group assignment Must be done by Wednesday even.docxJinElias52
My portion of the group assignment:
Must be done by Wednesday evening
•
EFE Matrix; -
•
SWOT (TOWS) analysis; -
•
IFE Matrix; -
•
A list of alternative strategies, giving advantages and disadvantages for each; -
Walt Disney Company, p. 441, Case 8 (photos of pages upladed)
.
my project is about construcation houses for poor poeple in Denver .docxJinElias52
The project is about constructing affordable housing for low-income people in Denver. It is a 30-page document. The goal is to produce a 10-page project notebook by assigning different knowledge areas to team members and combining their work to demonstrate synergy between the areas.
my name is abdullah aljedanii am from saudi arabia i graduate fr.docxJinElias52
Abdullah Aljedani is from Saudi Arabia and graduated from DHBAN high school in 2013. He went to the USA to study English and apply to university. He wants to apply for civil engineering and needs a 500 word letter within 24 hours explaining what he has done since high school.
My hypothesis Being disconnected from social media (texting, Facebo.docxJinElias52
My hypothesis: Being disconnected from social media (texting, Facebook, cell phone use, etc) causes stress in teenagers.
It is my belief partly based on observation (I teach HS students) that we have created a society where even the slightest communication is cause for a teenager’s engagement with his/her electronic device. Being constantly connected to others, or at least knowing that is an option appears to give them some peace of mind and perhaps helps them feel less alone. This worries me because I fear they will be unable to engage in experiences on their own without that constant connection to others. This behavior doesn’t allow for self-reflection, meditation, or other important moments designed to focus the attention inward. In other words, a fear of being alone. On the other hand, teenagers can reach out to others as never before, which is great in many cases.
I would choose the Experimental Research method for the following experiment, being careful to adhere to its two components: 1) that there is a random assignment of participants. I would stress that this should be a double-blind experiment so I do not influence its outcome; and 2) a manipulation of an independent variable.
My experiment: After taking a base level of stress indicators (heart rate, blood pressure, brain waves, perspiration levels, etc) I would randomly assign two separate groups of HS students to spend 2 days camping in the wilderness. I would set up several exciting events to take place such as river rafting, hunting, building a shelter for the night, etc. One group would have their cell phones with them (assuming there is a cell phone connection in this remote area), the second group would not. The first group could contact whomever they chose during the events and during a down time say, at night. The second group would not have cell phones to be able to do this. I would somehow monitor both group’s stress levels while out in the wilderness.
Summary: Because I would want to avoid the Correlation/Causation Fallacy, I would need to not know which students were which in this experiment. And I foresee some challenges that might not be avoidable and might skew this idea. There could be variables such as a student who is naturally highly stressed in the wilderness and his anxiety could spike giving my experiment the expected result but for the wrong reason. Not to mention the difficulty of setting up this experiment in the first place.
Personal note: Thinking about this idea has caused me to think in a more scientific way about the results of all experiments I learn about. The Correlation/Causation issue is one I fall victim to a lot. I like to think that I am an objective observer, but so far in this course, I am not so sure of that anymore. At the same time that I hate to have my thinking challenged in this way, I also feel excited that I am thinking on a deeper level than I ever have.
How would you select the groups at random? Would you use a number system? Perha.
My group is the Los Angeles Rams. We are looking to be sponsors with.docxJinElias52
My group is the Los Angeles Rams. We are looking to be sponsors with Dunkin' Donuts.Attached is an example of the Portland Timbers and a sponsorship with Chevrolet. On the bottom of the excel document you can see there are 4 different tabs. The tabs I need done are Research and Activity.
Thank you.
.
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;My father .docxJinElias52
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won;
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
Examine the imagery in the stanza in bold. What is the significance of the two different images?
The speaker does not feel the joy everyone else is experiencing.
The speaker does not feel the misery everyone else is experiencing.
The speaker does not want anyone to know how unhappy he truly is.
The speaker does not want anyone to know how happy he truly is.
.
My character is Phoenix Jackson from the story A Worn PathMLA Form.docxJinElias52
My character is Phoenix Jackson from the story A Worn Path
MLA Format. 1200 words
Must have
Identify the type of character it is dealing with (A single character could be two or thres types.
Describe the character
Discuss the conflict in the story particularly in regards to the character's place in it.
Due tomorrow by 3pm
.
My assignment is to write an original essay of four to fivr parargra.docxJinElias52
My assignment is to write an original essay of four to fivr parargraphs describing a person I admire. My chocie is Lional Messi he is a famous soccer player. I need a hook in the introduction and three body paragraphs. First paragraphs about his childhoods secound paragraphs about join Barcalona fc third parargraph about change of the soccer history and a conclusion. I needed for secound English language person I don't want to too perfect.
.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(your resea.docxJinElias52
my professor ask me this question what should be answer(
your research does a very good job of explaining the topic and the changes in FASB. How did you plan to incorporate your reading from the Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan text?
Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., and Sullivan, D. (2015). International Business: Environments and Operations 15e. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. ISBN: 13:978-0-13-345723-0.
i want only answer this question
.
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentativepersuasive rese.docxJinElias52
My assignment is to create a 12-page argumentative/persuasive research paper given one of the following option:
Argue for or against a business decision, organizational plan, business philosophy, policy decision, or concept related to the class. On Corporate Social Responsibility
.
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe Please respond to th.docxJinElias52
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe"
Please respond to the following,
using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response
:
Describe the functions of ancient myths, using examples from two (2) different neolithic cultures, and comment on whether myth is inherently fictional. Using modern examples, discuss ways modern belief systems, secular or religious, function for modern cultures in a similar fashion.
Explore
Neolithic societies and myths
Chapter 1 (pp. 6-8. 18-23, 29), myths in prehistory and early cultures
Ancient myths in regions around the globe at
http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/worldmap_new.html
and
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/
.
.
Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the GlobePlease respond to .docxJinElias52
"Myths in Neolithic Cultures Around the Globe"
Please respond to the following,
using sources under the Explore heading as the basis of your response
:
Describe the functions of ancient myths, using examples from two (2) different neolithic cultures, and comment on whether myth is inherently fictional. Using modern examples, discuss ways modern belief systems, secular or religious, function for modern cultures in a similar fashion.
Explore
Neolithic societies and myths
Ancient myths in regions around the globe at
http://www.windows2universe.org/mythology/worldmap_new.html
and
http://www.pantheon.org/areas/mythology/
.
.
Mycobacterium tuberculosisYou must review the contents of your n.docxJinElias52
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
You must review the contents of your news article and discuss what type of microorganism it is, if the organism is in nature or is used in industry or causes disease. If it causes disease you must discuss transmission, increasing incidence, factors contributing to the spread of the organism, lab culturing, etc.
300-400 words
.
My TopicI would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s.docxJinElias52
My Topic:
"I would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s fight with learning disability. I chose Helen Keller because she is one of the most important personality and the first person without hearing or sight to earn a BA. Her story is narrated in the movie “The Miracle Worker.”
For additional details, please refer to the Milestone Two Rubric document and the Final Project Document in the Assignment Guidelines and Rubrics section of the course.
.
My topic is the terms a Congress person serves and debate on adding .docxJinElias52
My topic is the terms a Congress person serves and debate on adding limitations to how long a person can be in Congress.
The Pros and Cons of the unlimited terms in congress
Do members of congress to support position people of the state they represent therefore should be able to change and if it will benefit.
How to Add limitations on the term served by congress
Follow the directions below for the completion of the Annotated Bibliography assignment for Unit II.
Purpose: The purpose of the annotated bibliography is to summarize the sources that you have gathered to support your research proposal project. These summaries help you to think about the complex arguments presented in your sources. Description: In this assignment, you will create an annotated bibliography consisting of seven sources. Each entry will consist of a reference list citation, a summary of the source’s information, and a one-sentence assessment. Each annotation should be between 150 to 200 words. If an entry is shorter than 150 words, it is likely you have not fully developed your summary, and this lack of development can severely impact your grade for this assignment.
.
My topic is anywhere, anytime information work, which means tele-wor.docxJinElias52
My topic is anywhere, anytime information work, which means tele-work, and we choose ( AT&T toggle)
I've done all the questions but i need more detail , deep answers .
1- write an introduction about ( anywhere, anytime information work) in details and conclusion about the company and application
2-write a brief explanation about the company it self ( AT&T)
3- plagiarism not accepted
4- use simple words
5- make it 12 or 11 pages
.
My topic for module-2 reaction paper was on news, data, and other me.docxJinElias52
My topic for module-2 reaction paper was on news, data, and other media means of delivering information to the public. When gathering all the information and reflecting on my personal experience when watching, reading or listening to the news outlets was very addicting. To see news clips from the wars past or deployments after the fact was real-time history for most of us (me), yet our families, friends and other members not physically at that location waiting to hear something can be very overwhelming. My question is the methods and absorbing of news
: Are citizens informed about terrorism and is it overwhelming?
.
My Topic for the paper I would like to do my case application on He.docxJinElias52
My Topic for the paper: I would like to do my case application on Helen Keller’s fight with learning disability. I chose Helen Keller because she is one of the most important personality and the first person without hearing or sight to earn a BA. Her story is narrated in the movie “The Miracle Worker.”
.
n a 2 page paper, written in APA format using proper spellinggramma.docxJinElias52
n a 2 page paper, written in APA format using proper spelling/grammar, address the following:
Briefly explain Piaget's and Erikson's theories of development. Who had a better theory of human development: Erikson or Piaget? Please offer detail to explain your choice.
What tips would you give to someone who has just suffered a major loss, now that you know the stages of grief?
.
My research proposal is on fall prevention WRTG 394 s.docxJinElias52
My research proposal is on fall prevention
WRTG 394 students,
Your next writing assignment will be a
memo to your instructor for the final report.
Steps to Take in Completing this Assignment:
•
Identify the decision-maker or group of decision-makers to whom you will write your final report
• Describe the specific problem you are attempting to address.
• Prepare some primary research for your report.
• Write a memo to your instructor using the template provided below.
The Role of this Assignment for your Research Report:
This assignment is designed to help you put together the final paper in WRTG 394.
Remember, your final paper in WRTG 394 will be a report in which you do the following:
•
define a problem in your workplace or community persuasively and accurately
•
propose a solution or solutions to the problem or issue
Previous assignments in the class pointed out some sample topics for the report:
• a report to your manager at work suggesting that more teleworking options be given to employees at your workplace
• a report to your supervisor at work suggesting that email be used less frequently for communication and that another application be used to improve communication.
• a report to your manager at work suggesting that your office become paperless
• a report to the board of directors at your townhouse community to argue that the playground area in your community should be renovated
• a report to the manager of your unit at work noting that recycling facilities in the workplace should be improved
For writing assignment #2, you completed a background and synthesis of the literature on your topic.
For this writing assignment, you are going to identify the specific needs in your workplace or community that will be identified for your final report.
Examples of Primary Research for Specific Topics:
•
If you write a report to your manager at work suggesting that more teleworking options be given to employees at your workplace, you cannot simply prepare a report on teleworking. You must show that teleworking will
solve a specific problem or problems in your organization
.
•
If you write a a report to your supervisor at work suggesting that email be used less frequently for communication and that another application be used to improve communication, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of social media in the workplace. You must
show that your specific office has problems in communicating by email and indicate the benefits of using alternative communication systems for your workplace environment
.
•
If you write a report to your manager at work suggesting that your office become paperless, you cannot simply prepare a report on the benefits of a paperless office. You must
show that your specific office can go paperless and indicate the benefits of your specific office going paperless
.
•
If you write a report to the board of directo.
My portion of the group assignment Must be done by Wednesday even.docxJinElias52
My portion of the group assignment:
Must be done by Wednesday evening
•
EFE Matrix; -
•
SWOT (TOWS) analysis; -
•
IFE Matrix; -
•
A list of alternative strategies, giving advantages and disadvantages for each; -
Walt Disney Company, p. 441, Case 8 (photos of pages upladed)
.
my project is about construcation houses for poor poeple in Denver .docxJinElias52
The project is about constructing affordable housing for low-income people in Denver. It is a 30-page document. The goal is to produce a 10-page project notebook by assigning different knowledge areas to team members and combining their work to demonstrate synergy between the areas.
my name is abdullah aljedanii am from saudi arabia i graduate fr.docxJinElias52
Abdullah Aljedani is from Saudi Arabia and graduated from DHBAN high school in 2013. He went to the USA to study English and apply to university. He wants to apply for civil engineering and needs a 500 word letter within 24 hours explaining what he has done since high school.
My hypothesis Being disconnected from social media (texting, Facebo.docxJinElias52
My hypothesis: Being disconnected from social media (texting, Facebook, cell phone use, etc) causes stress in teenagers.
It is my belief partly based on observation (I teach HS students) that we have created a society where even the slightest communication is cause for a teenager’s engagement with his/her electronic device. Being constantly connected to others, or at least knowing that is an option appears to give them some peace of mind and perhaps helps them feel less alone. This worries me because I fear they will be unable to engage in experiences on their own without that constant connection to others. This behavior doesn’t allow for self-reflection, meditation, or other important moments designed to focus the attention inward. In other words, a fear of being alone. On the other hand, teenagers can reach out to others as never before, which is great in many cases.
I would choose the Experimental Research method for the following experiment, being careful to adhere to its two components: 1) that there is a random assignment of participants. I would stress that this should be a double-blind experiment so I do not influence its outcome; and 2) a manipulation of an independent variable.
My experiment: After taking a base level of stress indicators (heart rate, blood pressure, brain waves, perspiration levels, etc) I would randomly assign two separate groups of HS students to spend 2 days camping in the wilderness. I would set up several exciting events to take place such as river rafting, hunting, building a shelter for the night, etc. One group would have their cell phones with them (assuming there is a cell phone connection in this remote area), the second group would not. The first group could contact whomever they chose during the events and during a down time say, at night. The second group would not have cell phones to be able to do this. I would somehow monitor both group’s stress levels while out in the wilderness.
Summary: Because I would want to avoid the Correlation/Causation Fallacy, I would need to not know which students were which in this experiment. And I foresee some challenges that might not be avoidable and might skew this idea. There could be variables such as a student who is naturally highly stressed in the wilderness and his anxiety could spike giving my experiment the expected result but for the wrong reason. Not to mention the difficulty of setting up this experiment in the first place.
Personal note: Thinking about this idea has caused me to think in a more scientific way about the results of all experiments I learn about. The Correlation/Causation issue is one I fall victim to a lot. I like to think that I am an objective observer, but so far in this course, I am not so sure of that anymore. At the same time that I hate to have my thinking challenged in this way, I also feel excited that I am thinking on a deeper level than I ever have.
How would you select the groups at random? Would you use a number system? Perha.
My group is the Los Angeles Rams. We are looking to be sponsors with.docxJinElias52
My group is the Los Angeles Rams. We are looking to be sponsors with Dunkin' Donuts.Attached is an example of the Portland Timbers and a sponsorship with Chevrolet. On the bottom of the excel document you can see there are 4 different tabs. The tabs I need done are Research and Activity.
Thank you.
.
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;My father .docxJinElias52
My Captain does not answer, his lips are pale and still;
My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will;
The ship is anchor'd safe and sound, its voyage closed and done;
From fearful trip, the victor ship, comes in with object won;
Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
But I, with mournful tread,
Walk the deck my Captain lies,
Fallen cold and dead.
Examine the imagery in the stanza in bold. What is the significance of the two different images?
The speaker does not feel the joy everyone else is experiencing.
The speaker does not feel the misery everyone else is experiencing.
The speaker does not want anyone to know how unhappy he truly is.
The speaker does not want anyone to know how happy he truly is.
.
My character is Phoenix Jackson from the story A Worn PathMLA Form.docxJinElias52
My character is Phoenix Jackson from the story A Worn Path
MLA Format. 1200 words
Must have
Identify the type of character it is dealing with (A single character could be two or thres types.
Describe the character
Discuss the conflict in the story particularly in regards to the character's place in it.
Due tomorrow by 3pm
.
My assignment is to write an original essay of four to fivr parargra.docxJinElias52
My assignment is to write an original essay of four to fivr parargraphs describing a person I admire. My chocie is Lional Messi he is a famous soccer player. I need a hook in the introduction and three body paragraphs. First paragraphs about his childhoods secound paragraphs about join Barcalona fc third parargraph about change of the soccer history and a conclusion. I needed for secound English language person I don't want to too perfect.
.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
CHAPTER FOUR Explaining Organized Crime Abadinsky, Org
1. CHAPTER FOUR
Explaining Organized Crime
Abadinsky, Organized Crime 10th ed.
According to the theory of "Ethnic Succession,"
organized crime in the United States has been a social
mobility vehicle for disadvantaged segments of the
population. With social and economic success, these
formerly disadvantaged exit crime in favor of
conventional lives. This affects the American Mafia that
now has difficulty attracting prospective members from
traditional "mob neighborhoods."
This chapter examines relevant theories in the fields of
sociology, psychology, and biology.
2
ORGANIZED CRIME THEORIES
Organized crime has been subjected to only limited
attempts at explanation--explanations beyond immoral
people in pursuit of personal gain.
2. understanding of problematic behavior.
3
THE STRAIN OF ANOMIE
Building on Durkheim's concept of anomie, R.K.
Merton set forth a social and cultural explanation for
deviant behavior in the U.S.
to "strain" between societal goals and the means
available to the individual to achieve those goals.
success--"pathological materialism"--causes some
individuals to innovate the means to achieve the goal.
4
THE SOCIOLOGY OF ORGANIZED CRIME
THE STRAIN OF ANOMIE (CONT.)
to acceptable means for achieving societal goals.
3. -class youngsters with access, and
some wealthy and powerful individuals, participate in
organized crime?
And why do some persons suffering from anomie not
turn to organized crime?
association theory.
5
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION
--lawful and
criminal--is learned.
personal groups.
and duration of the association.
associations are criminal, the individual learns the
techniques of committing crime.
6
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATON (CONT.)
4. education in the techniques of sophisticated
criminality.
some
persons, through differential association, organize their
behavior according to the norms of a criminal group.
criminal norms are integrated in the community,
exposing young people to learning those norms.
7
SUBCULTURES
AND SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION
shared meanings.
that is apart from a larger value system.
deviant and that lead to criminal behavior.
wrong, but but this is not their controlling attitude.
8
5. SUBCULTURE ANECDOTE
"They saw the Outfit guys, and gave them deference.
It's in the culture. It is a perverted sense of values.
Knockin' down an old lady to take her purse, that's
wrong; killing the clerk at the corner store for a few
bucks, that's wrong. But everything to do with
organized crime is perfectly acceptable" (Scarmella
1998).
9
CRIMINOGENIC NEIGHBORHOODS
Chicago in the 1920s-1930s.
orhoods maintained
high levels of criminality over time despite changes
in ethnic composition.
and values that are conducive to delinquency and
crime, particularly organized crime.
10
SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION
1920s.
6. during Prohibition)
h
members of organized crime emerge.
tend to become autonomous in their impact.”
11
DIFFERENTIAL OPPORTUNITY
opportunity, is not equally distributed throughout
society.
ladders of legitimate success results in collective
adaptations in the form of delinquent subcultures.
12
Entry into organized crime groups is not
available to just anyone in the subculture.
There too, is differential opportunity.
7. DELINQUENT SUBCULTURES
1. Retreatist subculture: reject economic success
goal in favor of an easy goal--e.g., a drug "high."
2. Conflict subculture: reject economic success goal;
seek status through violent, destructive gang
activities.
3. Criminal/rackets subculture: gang activity
devoted to utilitarian criminal pursuits, an
adaptation that approaches organized crime.
13
SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY
community influences its members toward
conformance with established norms of behavior.
s?
to contend for positions in OC, choose not to?
14
SOCIAL CONTROL THEORY (CONT.)
8. an individual's bond to society is weak or broken."
public shame and/or fear of punishment.
mechanism that provides a sense of guilt.
15
ETHNIC SUCCESSION
immigrant groups experienced strain, and some members
innovated, using illegal means to achieve societal goals.
committed to a deviant subculture, but are merely using
available, if illegal, opportunities to achieve economic
success.
his kids what we got" (Goldberg 1999).
te some persons
rationally choose OC, although they have other options.
16
9. ARNOLD ROTHSTEIN AND
THE RATIONALIZATION OF CRIME
-1928) set new
standards in OC. He transformed criminal activity
from a haphazard endeavor into a bureaucracy with
specialized expertise, administrative hierarchy, and
organizational procedure.
business district, employed a staff comparable to
that of any large, legitimate, commercial firm,
complete with secretaries, bookkeepers, and legal
counsel" (Joselit 1983).
17
ZIPS
are the connection between the criminal organizations
of southern Italy--Mafia, Camorra, 'Ndrangheta, Sacra
Corona Unita--and the American Mafia.
restrictive immigration statute which had
discriminated against southern and eastern
Europeans.
es;
others formed their own criminal organizations.
10. 18
"Zip" alludes to
their rapid speech
in Italian dialect.
ZIPS (CONT.)
highlighted during the 1987 "Pizza Connection" case.
Mafia group headed by a former Sicilian supplied $1.6
billion of heroin to a Bonanno Family group.
customs, philosophies, and a common heritage. The
prototype of the crime Family is identical in each system.
"Old World" ways have earned the Zips more fear and
respect than their American counterparts.
19
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ORGANIZED CRIME
fy societal
variables that motivate involvement in organized
crime, they fail to explain why only a small fraction of
persons exposed to such variables actually become
11. criminals.
differently? Psychology, a discipline that focuses on
the individual, provides some answers.
20
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY/
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
have a poorly developed superego--the conscience-
like mechanism that restrains antisocial behavior.
detached.
expressed in shades from from quiet intimidation to
explosive violence.
Grim Reaper')
whips out a piece and shoots the guy in the head."
21
BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY/
LEARNING THEORY
12. shaped by its consequences.
ing:
learning through positive and negative reinforcement
that results from interaction with the environment.
to behave aggressively.
antisocial behavior, while conventional, conforming
behavior is often ridiculed.
22
BIOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Specialized cells receive information about the
environment and translate it into electrochemical signals
that we experience as sight, sound, smell, and touch.
particularly as related to antisocial behavior.
boring and unpleasant and seek novel and/or intense
sensory stimulation.
23
13. CHAPTER TWO
Development of Organized Crime
in the United States
Abadinsky, Organized Crime 10th ed.
Murder, Inc. represented the apex of organized crime in
the United States, when the major chieftains financed a
unit of assassins who, although operating out of
Brooklyn, NY, carried out murders throughout the
country. The history leading up to this development will
be discussed in Chapter Two.
2
The intertwining of urban machine politics and
Prohibition provided Irish, Jewish, and Italian
immigrants unparalleled criminal opportunity to climb
the "queer ladder of social mobility." But it was the
Robber Barons who helped enrich the fertile soil
necessary for the growth of organized crime in the
United States and whose spiritual legacy lives on in
twenty-first-century corporate crime.
3
THE ROBBER BARONS:
14. UNSCRUPULOUS AMERICAN BUSINESSMEN
19th century uncontrolled capitalism provided role models and
created a climate conducive to the growth of organized crime.
-1848)
-1877)
-1879)
-1872)
-1892)
-1884)
(1839-1937)
4
The 3 members of
the Erie Ring
WHO WERE THEY?
Ancestry.
, and
15. invested his gains in slum housing.
Vanderbilt
monopoly.
railroad monopolist.
5
WHAT ARE WE TO CONCLUDE FROM OUR
GLIMPSE OF THE ROBBER BARONS?
violence
(financial piracy) and literal violence (thugs, police, military).
rce and corruption to achieve
private
ends.
Anti-
Trust Act in 1890 (discussed in Chapter 14).
became institutionalized, and their progeny controlled the
economy.
16. and ambitious residents of our cities?
6
IMMIGRATION AND URBAN POLITICS
--Irish, Jewish, Italian--innovated in a
manner
consistent with available opportunity.
in
the vice and politics of urban America.
powerful
entity known as the "machine."
7
THE IMMIGRANTS
-1850: population of cities in the East and West
quadrupled.
ntly attacked.
17. 8
ORGANIZED CRIME IN AMERICA:
A 100+ YEAR EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS
and sought these through personal relationships.
could
also manipulate the American environment.
urban
American before Prohibition.
the famine (1845-47),
arriving in America a close-knit, politically sophisticated
society,
whose members were experts in non-confrontational warfare.
They could make alliances without formal conferences,
agreements, or treaties that would leave a record.
9
IRISH
18. became an integral part of the process of recruiting more
Irishmen into the Democratic Party and government.
me a
secular extension of their Catholic identity.
European immigrants who would vote for an Irish candidate.
structure.
10
THE SALOON AND THE MACHINE
provided social
services, newspapers in several languages, cigars, mailboxes for
regular
patrons, free pencils, paper, and mail services for those wishing
to send
letters, and information on employment.
bowling alleys, billiard
tables, music, singing, dancing, conversation, charity and
charge accounts,
quiet corners for students, and special rooms for weddings,
union meetings,
19. and celebrations.
divided into
wards which were both electoral and administrative units,
containing
relatively small numbers of people.
customers' votes. They
could deliver their precincts and control the wards.
11
THE MACHINE POLITICIAN
before social
welfare programs, he provided important services to loyal
constituents--
jobs, food, and assistance dealing with pubic agencies,
including the police
and the courts.
become wealthy in
politics.
looked at me
with sadness and said, 'That woman's got a dead rat in the alley
20. behind her
house and she don't call no Republican to take care of it, she
calls the
alderman.' So what are you going to do, Charley? 'What can I
do? I got to
go over there and pick up her rat and find a good garbage can
with a top on
it and, well take care of it. This woman will be peekin' out her
window and
see the alderman drive up in his Cadillac and get out and pick
up her dead
rat and drive away with it. She'll tell everybody.'"
12
THE SENSE OF THE MACHINE
e electorate as an
amorphous, undifferentiated mass of voters.
that
the voter is a person living in a specific neighborhood, with
specific personal problems and personal wants" (R. Merton
1967).
"In the midst of the depression, an Irish alderman distributed
unleavened bread (matzah) to hundreds of Jewish families in
his district, so they might keep Passover. This will not cost him
any votes" (McConaughy 1931).
13
21. UPPERWORLD AND UNDERWORLD
broker
in a key position to perform services for captains of industry
and captains of vice.
r franchises, access to
underdeveloped land sites, government contracts, tax
abatements, and other special considerations.
alliances with older-stock business interests.
ne organized urban immigrants into a
political force through which it dominated the government.
14
CHICAGO AND NEW YORK
and tumble city
bosses allowed the private utilities and favor-seeking men of
wealth as well
as the purveyors of vice to exploit the citizens.
government.
town' and its upperworld
22. allies shall be permitted to plunder the public treasury" (Dobyns
1932).
houses of
prostitution, grocers who wanted to obstruct sidewalks, builders
who
wanted to violate the building regulations of the City, paid
tribute at election
time to district leaders, who turned the money over to the
general
campaign fund of Tammany Hall" (Werner 1928).
15
REFORM AND NATIVISM
-reform-corruption-reform hypocrisy.
n part of the rampant nativism that
intertwined with social Darwinism.
interests against urban, Catholic and Jewish Democrats.
machine politician cultivated the immigrant's ethnic
pride by defending him against nativist attack, observing
his customs, and concerning himself with conditions in the
homeland.
23. 16
PROHIBITION
etween
Protestants and Catholics, between Republicans and (non-
southern) Democrats, between "native" Americans and more
recent immigrants, and between business and labor reached a
pinnacle with the ratification of the 18th Amendment in 1919.
ition agents were inept, corrupt, and a public menace.
Chicago
rose, going from 6.8 er 100,000 in 1920 to 9.7 in 1933.
17
ORGANIZED CRIME
d boys for the
politicians and the gamblers.
entrepreneurs, and gang leaders.
s patron for the vice
entrepreneurs and gangs.
24. robbers
was suddenly more important than protection from police.
Prohibition turned gangs into empires.
18
MURDER, INC.
began
meeting throughout the US in anticipation of the new era.
gathered at a NY hotel with Johnny Torrio presiding. They
came
to an understanding:
in his
territory without his approval."
killers,
the "Boys from Brooklyn." Gang leaders across the country
used their services, murdering about 1,000 persons nationally.
19
KEFAUVER CRIME COMMITTEE
25. organized crime as a national political issue. (Memphis "Boss"
Crump had vigorously opposed his election to the Senate.)
Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce, the first major
Congressional investigation into organized crime.
more than 600 witnesses in 14 cities,
and
concluded that the Mafia is “the shadowy international
organization that lurks behind much of America’s organized
criminal activity."
inextricably, wrongly equating Italians with organized crime.
20
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction to Organized Crime
Abadinsky, Organized Crime 10th ed.
During the past 15 years, technological innovation and
globalization have proven to be an overwhelming force
for good. However, transnational criminal organizations
have taken advantage of our increasingly
26. interconnected world to expand their illicit enterprises.
2
ATTRIBUTES OF ORGANIZED CRIME
1. Absence of political goals.
2. Is hierarchical.
3. Has a limited or exclusive membership.
4. Constitutes a unique subculture.
5. Perpetuates itself.
6. Exhibits a willingness to use violence.
7. Is monopolistic.
8. Is governed by rules and regulations.
3
THE ATTRIBUTES ARE ARRAYED
IN A STRUCTURE
These attributes are arrayed in a structure that enables the
criminal
27. organization to achieve its goals--money and power.
A criminal group will pass through stages of development and--
if
sufficiently stable--mature into an organization with most, if
not all, of the
attributes.
Two variables that synopsize organized crime:
1. Non-ideological.
2. Instrumental violence.
4
ORGANIZED CRIME AS A BUREAUCRACY
Bureaucracies are rational organizations sharing a number of
attributes:
of the hierarchy to persons on
28. the bottom via
a chain of command.
5
BUREAUCRACY HAS INHERENT WEAKNESSES
FOR CRIMINAL ORGANIZATIONS
A criminal organization structured along bureaucratic lines has
inherent weaknesses:
anagement to operational-level
personnel can
be intercepted.
entire
organization.
dangerous gaps in
operations.
rsonal ties makes betrayal more likely.
6
COMPARTMENTALIZE
TO OFFSET WEAKNESSES
and know only
29. other members of their cell.
ll is lost, the result of law enforcement infiltration, for
example, the
organization can continue to function uninterrupted and the cell
is
eventually replaced.
not in direct
contact with and may not even know the other controllers.
command opeating
out of an area of relative safety, such as another country.
7
FRANCHISING AND CREDENTIALING
ganization may be an independent
entrepreneur,
operating a franchise. The franchise is a grant of authority to
engage in
business activity under the aegis of the organization.
ials enable the possessor to engage in criminal
activity knowing that
he will be supported and protected by the franchisor--the
criminal
30. organization granting the franchise.
reputation.
an
organization with sufficient martial capacity can offer services
typically
reserved for government such as contract enforcement and
adjudication of
disputes.
8
CRIMINAL NETWORKS, BROKERS, AND
POINTS OF CONVERGENCE
--
points of
convergence.
participants
congregate--"hangouts."
be owned by or
under the
control of criminal entrepreneurs.
opportunity to
advance business interests. The subculture contains gaps
between persons
31. with complementary resources and information. A third party--
a broker--
usually for remuneration, can fill the gap by constructing a
"social bridge."
9
TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME (TOC):
GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES
given rise to
massive opportunities for criminal organizations.
-type organization was linked to a
territory and
exercised control in that territory by intimidation and extortion.
opportunities derived
from the globalization of markets and widespread technology.
10
TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME (TOC):
AND TERRORISM
-perpetuating associations of individuals who
operate
transnationally
32. o for the purpose of obtaining power, influence, monetary
and/or
commercial gains,
o and protect their criminal activities through a pattern of
corruption and/or
violence,
o or through a transnational organizational structure.
commerce.
from detection,
sanction, and prosecution through their organizational structure.
11
THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION:
A PIVOTAL EVENT FOR ORGANIZED CRIME
circumstances
have led to a growing underground economy that habituates
people to
working outside the legal framework.
-organized, internationally-based criminal groups with
vast financial
33. resources are creating a new threat to the stability and security
of
international systems.
catalyst for
the mobilization
of criminal organizations and cooperative ventures of
syndication.
12
THE NEW FACE OF ORGANIZED CRIME (OC)
company,
combining rigid hierarchies and territorial rooting, with flexible
structures that are easily adaptable to changing circumstances"
(Patrinani, 2009).
derives
from intensification of goods traditionally traded by OC--drugs,
arms,
and sex workers.
finance
houses, customs formalities, and require ongoing relationships
with
criminal organizations of different countries.
13
34. IMPACT OF MIGRATION
criminal
networks.
crime-
related skills, knowledge, and contacts. Chinese, Nigerian,
Italian,
and Russian groups are examples of network proliferation
through
migration.
with other
networks around the world, and engaging in a wide range of
illicit
activities, including cyber-crime and providing support for
terrorism.
14
WHAT IS TERRORISM?
WHO IS A TERRORIST?
-state actors who seek to intimidate an
audience larger than their immediate victims in the hope of
generating widespread panic.
35. -combatant deaths as a means to
advertise a cause.
preservation of state structures, because they feed on those
structures.
15
CIUDAD DEL ESTE (CDE)
NEXUS BETWEEN OC AND TERRORISM
-Brazil-Argentina tri-border area--a free trade zone
for contraband,
infested with criminals and terrorists.
o An oasis for informants and spies, peddlers of contraband and
counterfeit products,
traffickers in drugs, weapons, and humans, common criminals,
mafia organizations,
Islamic terrorists, yakuza, Colombian and other Latin American
crime groups, Chinese
Triads, al-Qaeda, Hezbollah, FARC, and others.
may overlap, but
cooperation is ad hoc.
utilize each other's
36. special skills in particular operations.
generate funds and to
acquire logistical support.
16
LINKS BETWEEN OC AND TERRORISM
--by extension, OC--money,
false documents,
border crossing, weapons.
terrorists.
through Europe to
safe houses in Paris, London, Berlin, and Madrid.
ey begin to share each
others' goals.
against Russian
sovereignty, from Chechen organized crime.
insurgency by taxing drug
trafficking operations.
37. efforts.
17
NARCOTERRORISM
involved in
cultivating, manufacturing, transporting, or distributing illegal
drugs.
facilitation,
protection, transportation, and taxation.
matériel and overt
movement of goods, people, and money.
ionships are mutually beneficial: drug traffickers gain
from access to
terrorists' military skills and weapons supply; terrorists gain a
source of
revenue and expertise in illicit transfer and laundering of
proceeds.
18
OC AND TERRORISM:
SIMILARITIES AND DISSIMILARITIES
38. organized along
compartmentalized lines.
as al-Qaeda use
sponsorships, apprenticeships, and initiation ceremonies.
criminally motivated
groups want to maintain it so they can keep operating.
means and ends: terrorists
use fund to further
political ends; OC seeks to form a parallel government while
coexisting with the
existing one.
try to give their
activities an altruistic aura to justify their acts and gain
sympathy for their cause.
19
GREED REPLACES IDEOLOGY:
TERRORISM CAN TURN INTO OC
violence to
achieve those goals.
39. individual skills developed as
terrorists and the
advantages of organization are mobilized in the pursuit of
pecuniary
interests: terrorists become organized crime.
relinquished violence as
an organizational tool.
Colombia (FARC)
are becoming increasingly involved in drug trafficking and are
losing sight of
their ideological motivation.
20