Noun grammar

1. Noun
 Definition: Noun is the name of a person, place or thing.
Ex: Ali, Kabul, marker
 some kinds of a noun
1. Proper noun
2. Common noun
 Proper noun is a noun which refers to a specific person, place or
thing.
Ex: Ahmad, Afghanistan, Quran
Note: Proper nouns always begins with capital letter.
 Common noun is a noun which is given to a person, place or thing in
general.
Ex: Teacher, province, marker
 Common nouns are divided into two kinds as below:
1. Countable noun
2. uncountable noun

2. Countable and Uncountable nouns
 Definition: Countable Noun is a noun that can be counted.
Ex: marker, car, student, etc.
 Uncountable noun is a noun which can not be counted.
Ex: Water, oil, gas, etc.
Note: Uncountable nouns are always singular.
 Countable nouns are divided into two kinds:
1. Singular ( (
‫مفرد‬
2. Plural (
‫جمع‬
)
 Plural is divided into two kinds:
1. Regular (
‫باقاعده‬
)
2. Irregular (
‫قاعده‬ ‫بی‬
)
 Regular plurals take (s, es, ies, ves) to form their plural.
Ex: Lady= ladies
Ex: Wife= wives
Ex: x, ss, sh, ch, o= es Ex: fox=foxes
Ex: Boy= boys
Ex: Book= books
 Irregular plurals have special forms. They don’t take (s, es, ies, ves) to form their plurals.
Ex: Man= men

3. Determiners
 Definition: Determiners are words which are used before nouns to make them clear,
to show which one you mean, and to make them specific or general.
Ex: I saw your brother.
 The common categories of determiners are:
1. Articles: ( Indefinite: a, an and definite: the)
2. Demonstratives: ( This, that, these, those)
3. Possessives: ( my, our, your, his, her, its, their)
4. Quantifiers: ( many, much, a lot of)
 “a, an” mean one indefinite.
 “a” is used with singular countable noun that begins with a consonant.
Ex: a car
 “an” is used with singular countable noun that begins with vowel.
Ex: an orange
 “The” can be used with all kinds on noun, but not commonly with proper nouns.
Ex: The car
Ex: The cars
Ex: The sugar

4. Quantifiers: many, much, a lot of
 Many + plural countable noun. It can be used in positive, negative and
question sentences.
Ex: I have many friends in Kabul.
 Much + uncountable noun. It is commonly used in negative and
question sentences, not in positive sentences. Use “a lot of” instead
of “much” in positive sentences.
Ex: I don’t drink much tea.
Ex: He uses a lot of sugar.
 One of the + plural noun + singular verb.
Ex: One of the teachers is absent.
 each/ every + singular noun.
Ex: Each student should come on time.
 “All day” means during a complete day.
Ex: I played cricket all day.
 “Every day” means regularly on more than one day.
Ex: I play cricket every day.