Chapter 3 analysing the balance in nature
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SAINS TINGKATAN 5
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Chapter 3 analysing the balance in nature
- 1. 3.1 Analysing Balance In Nature Topic 3 Preservation AndTopic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The EnviromentConservation Of The Enviroment ITeach – Science Form 5
- 2. ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing Balance Of Nature Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Balance of nature is the interaction between organisms is the interaction between organisms and the environment produce balanced and stable ecosystem on Earth Natural cycles Food webs Balance of nature can be achieved through Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Water cycle Resources such as carbon dioxide,oxygen, nitrogen and water cannot be created and renewed,however they can be reused and cycled through natural cycles. All organisms on Earth depend on each other. Thus, food webs are important in maintaining the balance of nature.
- 3. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Keseimbangan Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Keseimbangan Alam Sekitar ialah interaksi antara organisma dan organisma ialah interaksi antara organisma dan alam persekitaran mengekalkan keseimbangan ekosistem. Kitar Semula jadi Jaringan Makanan Keseimbangan alam sekitar berlaku melalui Kitar Karbon Kitar Nitrogen Kitar Air Sumber semula jadi seperti karbon dioksida, oksigen, nitrogen dan air tidak boleh dicipta dan tidak boleh diperbaharui tetapi sumber ini boleh diguna semula dan dikitar semula melalui kitar semula jadi. Kesemua organisma dibumi bergantung antara satu sama lain. Jaringan makanan penting dalam mengekalkan keseimbangan alam sekitar.
- 4. ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing Balance Of Nature Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide in the air Photosynthesis Decomposition by bacteria Dead Animal Petrol Respiration Dead Fossil fuel Respiration & Transpiration Plants Combustion Intake
- 5. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Keseimbangan Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Kitar Karbon Karbon dioksida dalam atmosfera Fotosintesis Penguraian oleh bakteria Mati Haiwan Petrol Respirasi Mati Bahan api fosil Respirasi & Transpirasi Tumbuhan Pembakaran diambil
- 6. ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing Balance Of Nature Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Environment Water Cycle
- 7. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Keseimbangan Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Kitar Air
- 8. ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing Balance Of Nature Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment • is the network of interactions of a few food chains showing the transfer of energy from the producer to a variety of consumers. Paddy Plant Sparrow Locust Chicken Snake Eagle Main source of energy (Sunlight) Producer Green plants Primary Consumer Animals eat plants Secondary Consumer Animals which eat primary consumer Tertiary Consumer Animals which eat secondary consumer Food Web Past Year Question
- 9. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Keseimbangan Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar • ialah hubungan pemakanan di antara beberapa rantai makanan. Jaringan makanan menunjukkan pemindahan tenaga daripada pengeluar kepada pelbagai pengguna. Tumbuhan padi Burung pipit Belalang Ayam Ular Burung helang Sumber tenaga (Cahaya matahari) Pengeluar Tumbuhan hijau Pengguna primer Haiwan yang makan tumbuhan / pengeluar Pengguna sekunder Haiwan yang makan pengguna primer Pengguna tertier Haiwan yan makan pengguna sekunder Jaringan Makanan
- 10. ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing Balance Of Nature Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Ways to maintain balance of nature Managing natural resources effectively Controlling environmental pollution Preserving and conserving environment balance of nature can be maintained through Natural disasters affect the natural cycles and food webs on Earth.
- 11. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Keseimbangan Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Cara Mengekalkan Keseimbangan Alam Sekitar Pengurusan sumber semula jadi dengan efektif Mengawal pencemaran alam sekitar Pemeriharaan dan Pemuliharaan alam sekitar Cara Mengekalkan Keseimbangan Alam Sekitar Bencana alam memberi kesan kepada kitar semula jadi dan jaringan makanan.
- 12. ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing Balance Of Nature Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Natural Disaster Effects of natural disasters on the balance of nature Effect Volcanic Eruption • destroys plants, animals and their habitat • destruction of properties • emit great amount of dust and hot lava which cause. fires and air pollution Earthquake • destroys plants, animals, habitats and properties • change the physical condition of Earth Flood • soil erosion and landslides • causes animals and plants die • destroy habitat and disrupt food webs Drought • death of plants and changes habitats • disrupt food webs Forest Fire • destroys habitats, animals, and plants • destroys properties • destroys food webs Typhoon • destroys habitat of animals and plants • destroys properties • destroys food webs
- 13. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Keseimbangan Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Bencana Alam Kesan Bencana Alam Terhadap Keseimbangan Alam Kesan Letupan gunung berapi • Memusnahkan tumbuhan, haiwan dan habitat mereka. • Memusnahkan harta benda • Membebaskan haba yang banyak yang menyebabakan pencemaran udara. Gempa bumi • Mengubah keadaan fizikal bumi • Memusnahkan tumbuhan, haiwan dan habitat mereka. Banjir • Hakisan tanah dan tanah runtuh • Memusnahkan tumbuhan dan haiwan • Memusnahkan habiat dan menyebabkan jaringan makanan terganggu Kemarau • Tumbuhan mati • Mengganggu jaringan makanan Kebakaran hutan • Memusnahkan habitat, haiwan dan tumbuhan • Memusnahkan harta benda • Mengganggu jaringan makanan Taufan • Memusnahkan habitat haiwan • Memusnahkan harta benda • Mengganggu jaringan makanan
- 14. 3.2 Analysing the effects of environmental pollution Topic 3 Preservation AndTopic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The EnviromentConservation Of The Enviroment ITeach – Science Form 5
- 15. Combustion ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing The Effects Of Environmental Pollution Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere due to the amount of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide which released into atmosphere through human activities. Factory • smoke, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide produced by factories • carbon dioxide is released during combustion Fuel combustion • smoke and poisonous gases are produced from combustion of fossil fuels
- 16. Pembakaran ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Kesan Pencemaran Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Pemanasan Global Ialah peningkatan purata suhu bumi BeRkaitan dengan peningkatan gas rumah hijau sepeRti karbon dioksida Kilang • Asap, karbon dioksida dan sulfur dioksida dihasilkan oleh kilang. • Karbon dioksida dibebaskan semasa pembakaran. Pembakaran bahan api • Asap dan gas beracun dibebaskan daripada pembakaran bahan api fosil.
- 17. ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing The Effects Of Environmental Pollution Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Greenhouse effect a problem caused by the heat being trapped on Earth by the greenhouse gases especially carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Stage 1 The Earth radiating heat back into space Stage 2 Heat is trapped on Earth by the greenhouse gases Past Year Question
- 18. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Kesan Pencemaran Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Kesan Rumah Hijau Kesan rumah hijau ialah pemanasan yang berlaku apabila kepekatan gas-gas rumah hijau seperti gas karbon dioksida di dalam sesuatu ruang tertutup meningkat dan menyekat haba daripada mudah terbebas. Peringkat 1 Sinaran inframerah daripada matahari dipantul kembali ke angkasa lepas. Peringkat 2 Haba terperangkap di Bumi oleh gas-gas rumah hijau.
- 19. ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing The Effects Of Environmental Pollution Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Combustion of Fossil Fuel Causes Haze And Acid Rain Smoke and toxic gases from combustion of fossil fuel of factories and vehicles Factory Vehicle Smog + Haze • Sulphur dioxide • Oxides of nitrogen • Carbon dioxide dissolve in rain water and becomes acid rain eg. sulphuric acid, nitrous acid, carbonate acid effect • Damage forest and building • Soil becomes infertiles • Damage aquatic ecosystem Consequences: Sunlight received by plant for photosynthesis is reduced causes Trees and aquatic die Past Year Question
- 20. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Kesan Pencemaran Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Pembakaran Bahan Api Fosil Menyebabkan Jerebu dan Hujan Asid Asap dan gas toksik daripada pembakaran bahan api fosil oleh kilang dan kenderaan. Kilang Kenderaan Asap + Jerebu • Sulfur dioksida • Nitrogen dioksida Larut dalam air hujan dan menjadi Hujan asid Cth :asid sulfurik, asid nitrik, asid karbonik kesan • Memusnahkan hutan & bangunan • Tanah menjadi tidak subur • Memusnahkan ekosistem ekuatik Kesan: Cahaya matahari yang diterima oleh tumbuhan untuk fotosintesis berkurangan. Menyebabkan Pokok dan haiwan akuatik mati
- 21. ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing The Effects Of Environmental Pollution Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Unabsorbed fertilisers that are washed into lakes and rivers causes algae to bloom. The submerged water plants die because of not able to carry out photosynthesis process. When algae decay, it uses up oxygen in water. Thick layer of algae prevents sunlight from reaching to the river bed. Aquatic organisms die due to lack of oxygen. Excessive use of fertiliser
- 22. Tumbuhan yang hidup di bawah permukaan air mati kerana tumbuhan tidak dapat menjalankan proses fotosintesis Lapisan alga yang tebal menghalang cahaya matahari daripada sampai ke dasar sungai.Organisma akuatik mati kerana kekurangan oksigen. Baja yang tidak diserap yang mana hanyut ke dalam kolam dan sungai akan menyebabkan kembangan alga ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Kesan Pencemaran Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Apabila alga mereput, ia menggunakan oksigen dalam air Penggunaan Baja Berlebihan
- 23. Effects of the thinning of ozone layer ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing The Effects Of Environmental Pollution Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Ozone layer Layer of ozone gas O3 in stratosphere at about 15 – 30 km from the earth’s surface shields the Earth’s surface from ultraviolet (UV) radiation absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation Thinning of ozen layer is due to chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) which causes more UV radiation reaches the Earth’s surface. On human health weaken body’s immune system skin cancer and cataract On other living organisms damages leaf and chlorophyll kills plankton in ocean and causes the death of aquatic organisms causes mutation in organisms Ozone layer Strastosphere Troposhere Earth UV radiation
- 24. Kesan Penipisan Lapisan Ozon ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Kesan Pencemaran Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Lapisan Ozon Lapisan molekul ozon O3 di stratosfera pada 15 – 30 km daripada permukaan Bumi. Melindungi permukaan Bumi daripada sinaran ultraungu (UV). Menyerap sinaran unltraungu yan berbahaya. Penipisan lapisan ozon disebabakan oleh klorofluorokarbon (CFC) yang mengakibatkan lebih banyak sinaran UV sampai di permukaan Bumi. Kesihatan manusia Melemahkan sistem keimunan badan. Kanser kulit dan katarak Organisma hidup yang lain Memusnahkan daun dan klorofil Memusnahkan plankton dan organisma akuatik. Menyebabkan mutasi Lapisan ozon Strastosfera Tropofera Bumi Sinaran UV
- 25. Habitats and nature ITeach – Science Form 5 Analysing The Effects Of Environmental Pollution Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Effect of Environmental Pollution Human health causes asthma irritate respiratory tract and eyes causes mental retardation causes cancer and mutation causes disease such as cholera and typhoid causes bronchitis Loss of economic resources losses of natural resources (deforestation) losses of fish which is a source of protein to human affects ecotourism Extinction of species Euthrophication Destroy organisms pH value of water in lakes and rivers affected Destruction of habitat lower soil pH value infertile soil affect food web reduce photosynthesis rate of plants destroy living organisms
- 26. Habitat dan alam semula jadi ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Menganalisis Kesan Pencemaran Alam Sekitar Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Kesan Pencemaran Alam Sekitar Kesihatan Manusia Asma Merosakkan sistem pernafasan Kerencatan mental Kanser dan mutasi Penyakit taun dan demam kepialu Bronkitis Kehilangan sumber ekonomi Kehilangan sumber semula jadi (pembalakan) Kehilangan ikan yang merupakan sumber protein Memberi kesan kepada pelancongan Kepupusan spesis Eutrofikasi Kemusnahan organisma Mengganggu pH air dalam laut dan sungai Kemusnahan habitat Merendahkan nilai pH tanah Tanah tidak subur Mengganggu jaringan makanan Mengurangkan kadar fotosintesis Memusnahkan organisma
- 27. 3.3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Environment And Pollution Control Topic 3 Preservation AndTopic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The EnviromentConservation Of The Enviroment ITeach – Science Form 5
- 28. ITeach – Science Form 5 Preservation And Conservation Of The Environment And Pollution Control Topic 3 Preservation And Conservation Of The Enviroment Ways to maintain balance of nature Natural disasters affect the natural cycles and food webs on Earth Balance of nature can be maintained through Controlling environmental pollution Managing natural resources effectively Preserving and conserving environment Control burning of fossil fuels Reduce chemical fertilisers and pesticides Control noise pollution Proper management of rubbish disposal Sewage treatment Replace CFC with friendly coolants HCFC Logging Sustaining logging Selective logging Replanting of trees Establishing forest reserve Fishing Establish fixed fishing zones Limit use of trawl nets and drift net Ban the use of explosive, poisons or any other chemical encourage aquaculture Enforcement of laws and legislation to control pollution and conserve environment Educating public formally in school and through mass media Proper disposal of industrial waste Past Year Question
- 29. ITeach – Sains Tingkatan 5 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar dan Pengawalan Pencemaran Topik 3 Pemeliharaan dan Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar Kaedah Mengekalkan Keseimbangan Alam Sekitar Bencana alam memberi kesan kepada kitaran semula jadi dan jaringan makanan Keseimbangan alam boleh dikekalkan melalui Mengawal pencemaran alam sekitar Pengurusan sumber alam terancang Pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar Mengawal pembakaran bahan api fosil Mengurangkan penggunaan bahan kimia Mengawal pencemaran bunyi Pengurusan pembuangan sampah yang betul Merawat kumbahan Menggantikan CFC dengan HCFC Pembalakan Pembalakan berterusan Pembalakan terpilih Penanaman semula pokok Mewartakan hutan simpan Perikanan Kawasan perikanan ditetapkan Melarang penggunaan pukat tunda & pukat hanyut Mengharamkan bahan letupan, racun & bahan kimia Menggalakkan akuakultur Penguatkuasaan undang-undang dan pengubalan undang- undang mengawal alam sekitar Menyedarkan masyarakat melalui pendidikan di sekolah dan melalui media masa Pembuangan sisa industri yang terancang
- 30. I - Teach The EndThe End ITeach – Science Form 5