3. Industry 4.0
In 2011, a group of business politics and academic experts introduced the term Industry 4.0 as the
fourth industrial revolution to enhance the German competitiveness in the manufacturing industry.
It focuses heavily on interconnectivity through IoT, machine learning and focuses more on the
processing of real-time data.
Industry 4.0 connects internet of things and industrial internet to the manufacturing system to
interact with the machines to share their information and make intelligent decisions based on the
system algorithm.
Industry 4.0 basically includes artificial intelligence, automated robots, flexible manufacturing
automation systems, additive manufacturing and augmented reality.
Migrating to I4.0 is a gradual process and takes time to upgrade everything from the existing
system.
Physical infrastructures, adoption of new technologies, being familiar with it and availability of
technical manpower are necessary to be upgraded into the modern systems
5. SMART MANUFACTURING
Smart manufacturing is the technology utilizing the
interconnected machines and tools for improving
manufacturing performance and optimizing the
energy and workforce required by the
implementation of bigdata processing, artificial
intelligence and advanced robotics technology and
interconnectivity of them.
The smart manufacturing system connects the
product design, analytics, manufacturing process,
stocks and supply chain system, product
customization, real-time machining units, product
delivery system and the end customers through the
use of cloud computing which made on-demand
manufacturing, product customization and
maintain the demand and supply ecosystem more
efficient
6. IOT/IIOT
IoT is being used in common domestic applications like smart homes, transportation,
logistics, healthcare, agriculture, human pets and vehicle tracking applications.
IIoT is focused on the Industrial application of IoT connecting every physical entity with
each other through the internet.
In industries, the IIoT connects the physical entities like sensors, actuators and the entire
process monitoring and control system into the internet cloud, enabling the interaction
and cooperation of each entity together to reach the common goals.
These interactions between each component help in production planning, predictive
maintenance and faults localization, better human-machine interaction, intelligent
process control for resource, tools and materials optimization.
IIoT also allows the digital presentations of products, processes and factories to the
customers for marketing and informative purposes too.
8. Sustainable Manufacturing
Sustainable development meets the needs of the present without compromising the abilities of
future generations to meet their own needs.
It impacts environmental and social responsibilities besides maintaining economic growth.
Research and development on sustainability has been increasingly motivated by the diminished
nonrenewable resources, continued burdening of ecological environment, stricter regulations,
increased preference for better living environments, and more environmentally friendly use
phase of products, etc.
Manufacturing, as the core of industrial economies, must be transitioned to a new mode of
sustainable operation that not only increases economic benefits by improved efficiency in
resource (e.g., material, energy) utilization and lower costs but also reduces environmental
burdens (e.g., toxic emission and waste generation) from manufacturing process to achieve
sustainable living
9. Sustainable Manufacturing
Sustainable manufacturing calls for both sustainable products and sustainable manufacturing
process for all products.
Sustainable products should have multiple life cycles to realize the maximum usage of
material resources.
A sustainable product should have the characteristic that, when it comes to the end of its first
life cycle, it can be recovered and recycled for its second and future life cycles.
This requires the product to be disassembled, based on which useful materials are sorted and
collected to reduce the amount of new materials to be used for making the same product in
the subsequent remanufacturing processes.
Furthermore, redesign of the product based on former usage experience should be made to
further extend the service life cycle and enable better understanding of the usage condition,
repair, and maintenance
10. The goals of technologies to improve environmental, economic, and social performance of
manufacturing include:
Minimize waste, including solid waste (due to both nominal production waste and scrap)
and liquid waste
Increase recycling and reusage of waste
Reduce energy consumption and increase usage of renewable sources to meet energy
requirements
Enhance operational safety
Reduce air emission and other pollutions
Sustainable Manufacturing
