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Chapter 2 Analysis of Solvency, Liquidity, and Financial Flexibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Financial Statements - Basic Source of Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solvency Measures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Ratio ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Quick Ratio ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Net Working Capital Net working  capital  =  CA  -  CL Net working capital  =  $8,924 - $8,933 =  ($9) ($000,000)   1999  2000  2001  2002  2003 Net working capital  $2,644  $2,489  $2,948  $358  ($9)
NWC and its Component Parts CA  CL  CA  CL  CA  CL NWC = CA - CL  WCR = A/R + INV +Pre  NLB = Cash + M/S - A/P  - N/P - CMLTD Net Working Capital  Working Capital Requirements  Net Liquid Balance Cash Mkt Sec A/R Inventory Prepaid A/P N/P CMLTD Cash Mkt Sec A/R Inventory Prepaid A/P N/P CMLTD Cash Mkt Sec A/R Inventory Prepaid A/P N/P CMLTD
Working Capital Requirements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Net Liquid Balance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is Liquidity? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is Liquidity - Examples ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Liquidity Measures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cash Flow From Operations ($ 000,000)  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003 CFFO  $2,436  $3,926  $4,195  $3,797  $3,538
Cash Conversion Efficiency ($ 000,000)  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003 CFFO  $2,436  $3,926  $4,195  $3,797  $3,538 Revenues  18,243  25,265  31,888  31,168  35,404 Operating profit  2,046  2,457  2,768  2,271  2,844 Net profit  1,460  1,666  2,177  1,246  2,122 (Percentage of sales) Operating profit margin  11.21  9.72  8.68  7.28  8.03  Net profit margin  8.00  6.59  6.82  3.99  5.99  Cash conversion efficiency  13.35  15.54  13.15  12.18  9.99  Cash conversion efficient = CFFO / Sales
Cash Conversion Chart Inventory  Inventory  Cash stocked  sold  received Days inventory held  Days sales outstanding Days payables outstanding  Cash conversion period Cash  disbursed
Cash Conversion Period Calculations Cash conversion period  =  DIH  +  DSO  -  DPO (Days)  1999  2000  2001  2002  2003 DIH   7.10  7.17  5.79  3.99  3.87  DSO  49.64  38.69  33.14  26.57  26.66 -------  -------  -------  -------  ------- Operating cycle   56.74  45.86  38.93  30.56  30.53 DPO   62.34  64.92  62.07  72.87  75.79   -------  -------  -------  -------  ------- Cash conversion period  -5.60  -19.06  -23.14  -42.31  -45.26
How Much Liquidity is Enough? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Liquidity Index ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lambda ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Financial Flexibility ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Chap 2

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Net Working Capital Net working capital = CA - CL Net working capital = $8,924 - $8,933 = ($9) ($000,000) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Net working capital $2,644 $2,489 $2,948 $358 ($9)
  • 8. NWC and its Component Parts CA CL CA CL CA CL NWC = CA - CL WCR = A/R + INV +Pre NLB = Cash + M/S - A/P - N/P - CMLTD Net Working Capital Working Capital Requirements Net Liquid Balance Cash Mkt Sec A/R Inventory Prepaid A/P N/P CMLTD Cash Mkt Sec A/R Inventory Prepaid A/P N/P CMLTD Cash Mkt Sec A/R Inventory Prepaid A/P N/P CMLTD
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. Cash Flow From Operations ($ 000,000) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 CFFO $2,436 $3,926 $4,195 $3,797 $3,538
  • 15. Cash Conversion Efficiency ($ 000,000) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 CFFO $2,436 $3,926 $4,195 $3,797 $3,538 Revenues 18,243 25,265 31,888 31,168 35,404 Operating profit 2,046 2,457 2,768 2,271 2,844 Net profit 1,460 1,666 2,177 1,246 2,122 (Percentage of sales) Operating profit margin 11.21 9.72 8.68 7.28 8.03 Net profit margin 8.00 6.59 6.82 3.99 5.99 Cash conversion efficiency 13.35 15.54 13.15 12.18 9.99 Cash conversion efficient = CFFO / Sales
  • 16. Cash Conversion Chart Inventory Inventory Cash stocked sold received Days inventory held Days sales outstanding Days payables outstanding Cash conversion period Cash disbursed
  • 17. Cash Conversion Period Calculations Cash conversion period = DIH + DSO - DPO (Days) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 DIH 7.10 7.17 5.79 3.99 3.87 DSO 49.64 38.69 33.14 26.57 26.66 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Operating cycle 56.74 45.86 38.93 30.56 30.53 DPO 62.34 64.92 62.07 72.87 75.79 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Cash conversion period -5.60 -19.06 -23.14 -42.31 -45.26
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.