The document discusses some of the key challenges facing education in the Middle East. It notes that while the Middle East was historically advanced in knowledge and education, investments in sectors like education have been insufficient in most Middle Eastern countries compared to other regions. Some of the major challenges discussed include students feeling unequipped for the job market after schooling and large classroom sizes hindering learning. New challenges from online schooling during the pandemic like unequal internet access and lack of in-person interaction are also addressed.