This document provides information on various organelles found within cells, including the nucleus, nuclear envelope, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (which has both rough and smooth variations), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cell wall, chloroplasts, thylakoids, granum, and vacuoles. Each organelle is defined and sometimes accompanied by an image from an electron microscope for comparison. The document emphasizes that these organelle structures allow cells to carry out essential functions and processes that sustain life.

1. By Kelsey Neilson
ED 205-05
Let’s
Begin!

2. • Nucleus
• Nuclear Envelope
• Mitochondria
• Ribosome
• Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough ER
• Smooth ER
• Golgi Apparatus
• Lysosome
• Cell Wall
• Chloroplast
• Thylakoid
• Granum
• Vacuole
• Connection
• Quiz Back Next
• Concept Map
• Author Page
• Resources

3.  Organelle in cell that contains DNA, RNA, and Chromosomes
 Contains nucleolus
 Controls all cell activity
 Surrounded by a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope
 Found in both plant and animal cell
This is a nucleus. The outer most This is an electron
(orange) region with holes, is the microscope visual of
nuclear envelope. The small sphere in actual nucleus
the middle is the nucleolus.
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4.  Outer most region of nucleus
 Contains ‘pores’ for transportation of substances
 Regulates what enters and leaves nucleus.
 Found in both plant and animal cell
For now, ignore everything else in
the picture. Look closely at the
nuclear envelope and the pores
within it.
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5.  Known as the “power house of the cell”
 Contains own DNA and ribosome's
 Energy producer of cell
 Contains a double membrane
- inner membrane: forms matrix
- outer membrane: forms cristae
• Found in both plant and animal cells
Click 3D to see a model of the
mitochondria
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6. • Composed of proteins and RNA
• Contains two subunits
- large subunit
- small subunit Above: 50s represents the large subunit,
whereas the 30s is the small subunit of a
• Site of protein synthesis ribosome. Below: Ribosome making a protein.
• Found in both plant and animal cell
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7.  Responsible for “communication” within cell
 Found in both plant and animal cell
 A complex of continuous membranes
 Two Types:
-Rough ER
-Smooth ER
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8.  Part of Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Has ribosome's attached to membrane
 Responsible for synthesis of some proteins
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9.  Part of endoplasmic reticulum
 Does not have ribosome's attached to membrane
 Responsible for synthesis of lipids and carbohydrates
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10.  Complex of membranes to form “sacs”
 Responsible for secretion of proteins
 Packages and modifies proteins/carbohydrates
 Vesicles (lysosomes) bring material into the Golgi
 Found in both plant and animal cell
Electron Microscope
vision of an actual Golgi
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11.  Membrane bounded vesicle that carries substances from ER to Golgi
 Contains digestive enzymes
 Used for organelle recycling by digestion
 Found in both plant and animal cell
Click lysosome to see it in action!
Electron microscope visual
of an actual lysosome
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12.  Found ONLY in plants
 Responsible for protection, shape and structure
 Keeps plants upright
 Made of layers of proteins
Left: Cell wall drawing
Right: Electron Microscope of
actual cell wall.
Look at how thick the wall
appears in the EMS
picture.
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13.  Found ONLY in plant cells
 Contains a double membrane
 Has own DNA and ribosome's
 Site of photosynthesis
 Contains thylakoids
Above: Chloroplast drawing with
thylakoids. Right: EMS visual of
actual chloroplast.
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14.  Found inside chloroplasts
 Round disk like membranes that contain photosynthetic properties
 Can be stacked to form granum
Look closely at the dark areas in the EMS.
These are the thylakoids
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15.  Stacks of thylakoids found within the inner membrane of chloroplast
 Each granum is connected by a strand of fibers to allow communication between thylakoid
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16.  Membrane bounded vesicle/sac
 Stores “stuff” such as water, food etc. for cell
 Found in both plant and animal cells, but most commonly seen in plant cells as a Central Vacuole.
Left: The large blue area is
the central vacuole in a
plant cell. Right: EMS
visual of central vacuole
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17.  So why do we need to know all about the cell parts? They are what
comprise all living things! Without the unique function of each
organelle discussed, we would not be living, nor would that cute little
chick…
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18. 1.) Which of the following organelles 3.) Which of the following are ONLY found in
DO NOT have a double membrane? plant cells?
- Mitochondria
-Mitochondria - Lysosome
-Nucleus - chloroplast
- Nucleus
-Lysosome
-Chloroplast
2.) What organelle contains chromosomes? 4.) True or false: The smooth ER does not
-Nucleus have ribosome's attached to it?
-Golgi
-ER
-Vacuole
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19. Back
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Quiz

20. Try Again! Back
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21. Home Back Next

22. I am currently a sophomore at
Grand Valley State University and
working towards obtaining a
Bachelor degree in Biology. My
goal is to become an educator in a
secondary location.
You can e-mail me at:
Kelsey1889@aol.com
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23.  Cambell, Reese, Biology New York, Pocket, 2008
 Google (Images) http://www.google.com/
 YouTube.com (Lysosomes and Mitochondria)
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnJGDjP9iyU&feature=related
-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ornB9_UG65A&feature=related
 Long, Eric. Biology Teacher. Jul. 28 2009
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