This document discusses innovation and technological catch-up in the wine industries of emerging countries like Argentina, Chile, and South Africa. Traditionally, "Old World" countries like France and Italy dominated the global wine market, but since the 1990s "New World" countries have rapidly gained market share through creative adaptation and innovation. These countries capitalized on new market opportunities and implemented a more market-driven and scientific approach to wine production supported by investments in research, skills development, and public-private networks. However, questions remain about whether the benefits of this success have been inclusive or restricted to powerful elites, and its impact on poverty and livelihoods in rural areas requires further study.