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1.
The​ ​use​ ​of​ ​kiosk​ ​for​ ​tracking
chronic​ ​diseases​ ​risk​ ​factors
A,​ ​Jabour​ ​PhD​ ​&​ ​A,​ ​Alderhami​ ​MSc
Abdulrahman​ ​Jabour.​ ​PhD​ ​(Health​ ​Informatics)​ ​​a_jabour@hotmail.com
Abdulaziz​ ​Alderhami​ ​MSc​ ​(HCI)​ ​​a.abdulaziz.m@gmail.com
17​th​
​ ​November​ ​2017
SUMMARY
With the aging population and the modern lifestyle, the burden of chronic disease and its risk
factors is consistently increasing. More than ever, there is a pressing need for innovative and
unconventional ways to cope with the increasing epidemic and the limited resources. A key
factor for chronic disease management and prevention is the early discovery and frequent
follow up. In this paper we propose leveraging information technologies and Health
Information Exchange (HIE) to promote the early discovery and tracking of patients with
chronic disease or those at risk. The proposed idea focus on promoting the initial screening of
chronic diseases and its risk factors via kiosk that can be distributed in public areas high
traffic areas such as shopping malls and public parks. The results generated from kiosk
devices will later be connected to HIE network to provide patient centric care and efficient
utilization​ ​of​ ​resources.
INTRODUCTION
Chronic disease such as diabetes, cardiovascular and heart disease are among the top case
of death in Saudi Arabia [1] . The association between those disease and obesity and
hypertension is clearly documented in literatures [2] . The 2013 Saudi Health Interview Survey
SHIS showed that obesity prevalence was 24.1 for male and 33.5 for female. The SHIS also
found that obesity was associated with common chronic diseases such as diabetes and
hypertension. The rate of obesity was 44.2 % for patients with diabetes compared to 27.8% for
those who do not have diabetics, and 51% for patients with hypertension compare to 24.8%
for​ ​patients​ ​without​ ​hypertension​ ​[3]​ ​.
Targeting these risk factors is very important for the control and prevention of many chronic
diseases [4,5]. Traditionally, identifying patients at risk was through primary cares and hospital
visits. With the introduction of Health Information Technologies (HIT), the efficiency of patients
A,​ ​Jabour​ ​PhD​ ​&​ ​A,​ ​Alderhami​ ​MSc​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​The​ ​use​ ​of​ ​kiosk​ ​with​ ​chronic​ ​diseases

2. mentoring and surveillance improved. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is working on the Health
Information Exchange (HIE) infrastructure which could be utilized for smart and efficient
management and prevention of chronic disease. Unlike many other countries, the Saudi
healthcare system have the advantage of having unique patients identifiers ( via national ID)
which facilitate the exchange of patients data at the national level. The Ministry of Health
(MOH) is projecting that 70 % of citizens will have a single unique health record by the year of
2020.
Our goal is to design a system that can assist in the early discovery of chronic diseases risk
factors as well as facilitating patients tracking and followup. The proposed system will focus
on​ ​the​ ​accessibility,​ ​convenience,​ ​and​ ​practicality.
We are proposing the use of kiosk stations for measuring the common risk factors for chronic
diseases. The system can be distributed in public areas like shopping malls, parks and similar
high traffic areas to enhance the accessibility and convenience. Providing feedback to
patients after each phase of data entry was also suggested for patients engagement. We also
added​ ​the​ ​ideas​ ​of​ ​enabling​ ​make​ ​an​ ​appointments​ ​to​ ​enable​ ​patients​ ​of​ ​taking​ ​action.
For data collection, and follow up, we propose collecting patients phone numbers and the
unique patient identifier used by the MOH. This will not only serve tracking those who agree
on taking action, but also to send reminders and personalized educational materials to those
who​ ​need​ ​it.
SYSTEM​ ​AND​ ​COMPONENTS​ ​DESCRIPTION
The proposed system contains of five major components. First, a kiosk which is the main
machinery that handles all the interactions and operations of all system components. Next,
the system’s user interface which is the way users perform actions and tasks with the system.
Third, the medical sensors which are responsible to read weight and body vitals such as
pulse, heartbeat, blood pressure, etc. and send the results back to the system for analysis.
Fourth, an optional photo camera which can be used for identification purposes and/or first
time profile setup. Lastly, a printer which is used to print hard copies of users’ reports and
appointments​ ​for​ ​later​ ​follow​ ​ups.
To enable the option of scheduling an appointment, the system need to be connected with
some of the primary care centers and scheduling system. Similar to the system being used at
the MIO.gov.sa for scheduling, patients will have the option of viewing the participating clinics
and​ ​available​ ​appointments.
A,​ ​Jabour​ ​PhD​ ​&​ ​A,​ ​Alderhami​ ​MSc​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​The​ ​use​ ​of​ ​kiosk​ ​with​ ​chronic​ ​diseases

3.
WORKFLOW​ ​DESCRIPTION
1. When​ ​a​ ​person​ ​approaches​ ​the​ ​kiosk,​ ​he/she​ ​will​ ​be​ ​prompted​ ​to​ ​enter​ ​the​ ​national​ ​ID
so​ ​their​ ​profile​ ​data​ ​can​ ​be​ ​easily​ ​retrieved​ ​from​ ​MOH​ ​database.
2. If​ ​the​ ​person​ ​has​ ​no​ ​profile,​ ​he/she​ ​will​ ​be​ ​asked​ ​to​ ​register​ ​a​ ​new​ ​account​ ​by​ ​entering
some​ ​basic​ ​information​ ​such​ ​as​ ​name,​ ​gender,​ ​age,​ ​etc.
3. Next​ ​step​ ​is​ ​to​ ​verify​ ​the​ ​user​ ​account​ ​by​ ​entering​ ​the​ ​confirmation​ ​number​ ​which​ ​is
sent​ ​to​ ​their​ ​registered​ ​phone​ ​number.
4. After​ ​confirming​ ​the​ ​person’s​ ​account,​ ​the​ ​process​ ​of​ ​taking​ ​measurements​ ​starts​ ​with
measuring​ ​both​ ​height​ ​and​ ​weight​ ​and​ ​showing​ ​the​ ​results​ ​in​ ​the​ ​same​ ​time.
5. Other​ ​measures​ ​continue​ ​along​ ​with​ ​the​ ​process​ ​to​ ​collect​ ​required​ ​data​ ​for​ ​full
analysis​ ​of​ ​person’s​ ​health​ ​condition
6. The​ ​system​ ​shows​ ​full​ ​analysis​ ​report​ ​and​ ​recommendations​ ​based​ ​on​ ​the​ ​previous
measures.
7. If​ ​the​ ​health​ ​report​ ​showed​ ​abnormal​ ​results,​ ​the​ ​system​ ​would​ ​suggest​ ​to​ ​people​ ​to
make​ ​an​ ​appointment​ ​as​ ​soon​ ​as​ ​possible​ ​to​ ​check​ ​on​ ​their​ ​health​ ​with​ ​a​ ​physician.
A,​ ​Jabour​ ​PhD​ ​&​ ​A,​ ​Alderhami​ ​MSc​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​The​ ​use​ ​of​ ​kiosk​ ​with​ ​chronic​ ​diseases

4. 8. Patients​ ​will​ ​select​ ​one​ ​of​ ​the​ ​participating​ ​primary​ ​care​ ​clinics​ ​and​ ​available
appointment.
9. After​ ​confirming​ ​the​ ​appointment,​ ​the​ ​system​ ​will​ ​print​ ​out​ ​the​ ​full​ ​report​ ​with
reference​ ​number​ ​for​ ​later​ ​follow​ ​ups.
A,​ ​Jabour​ ​PhD​ ​&​ ​A,​ ​Alderhami​ ​MSc​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​The​ ​use​ ​of​ ​kiosk​ ​with​ ​chronic​ ​diseases

5. REFERENCES
1-​ ​Institute​ ​for​ ​Health​ ​Metrics​ ​and​ ​Evaluation​ ​(2016)​ ​Saudi​ ​Arabia,​ ​accessed​ ​October​ ​2017
at​ ​​ ​​http://www.healthdata.org/saudi-arabia
2-​ ​Mokdad,​ ​A.​ ​H.,​ ​Ford,​ ​E.​ ​S.,​ ​Bowman,​ ​B.​ ​A.,​ ​Dietz,​ ​W.​ ​H.,​ ​Vinicor,​ ​F.,​ ​Bales,​ ​V.​ ​S.,​ ​&
Marks,​ ​J.​ ​S.​ ​(2003).​ ​Prevalence​ ​of​ ​obesity,​ ​diabetes,​ ​and​ ​obesity-related​ ​health​ ​risk​ ​factors,
2001.​ ​Jama,​ ​289(1),​ ​76-79.
Chicago
3-​ ​Chan,​ ​J.​ ​M.,​ ​Rimm,​ ​E.​ ​B.,​ ​Colditz,​ ​G.​ ​A.,​ ​Stampfer,​ ​M.​ ​J.,​ ​&​ ​Willett,​ ​W.​ ​C.​ ​(1994).​ ​Obesity,
fat​ ​distribution,​ ​and​ ​weight​ ​gain​ ​as​ ​risk​ ​factors​ ​for​ ​clinical​ ​diabetes​ ​in​ ​men.​ ​Diabetes​ ​care,
17(9),​ ​961-969.
4-​ ​Saudi​ ​ministry​ ​of​ ​health​ ​(2014)​ ​Adult​ ​obesity​ ​at​ ​glance,​ ​accessed​ ​at
https://www.moh.gov.sa/Ministry/Statistics/Documents/obesity.pdf
5-​ ​Lorig,​ ​K.​ ​R.,​ ​Sobel,​ ​D.​ ​S.,​ ​Stewart,​ ​A.​ ​L.,​ ​Brown​ ​Jr,​ ​B.​ ​W.,​ ​Bandura,​ ​A.,​ ​Ritter,​ ​P.,​ ​...​ ​&
Holman,​ ​H.​ ​R.​ ​(1999).​ ​Evidence​ ​suggesting​ ​that​ ​a​ ​chronic​ ​disease​ ​self-management
program​ ​can​ ​improve​ ​health​ ​status​ ​while​ ​reducing​ ​hospitalization:​ ​a​ ​randomized​ ​trial.
Medical​ ​care,​ ​37(1),​ ​5-14.
6-​ ​Barlow,​ ​J.,​ ​Wright,​ ​C.,​ ​Sheasby,​ ​J.,​ ​Turner,​ ​A.,​ ​&​ ​Hainsworth,​ ​J.​ ​(2002).​ ​Self-management
approaches​ ​for​ ​people​ ​with​ ​chronic​ ​conditions:​ ​a​ ​review.​ ​Patient​ ​education​ ​and​ ​counseling,
48(2),​ ​177-187.
A,​ ​Jabour​ ​PhD​ ​&​ ​A,​ ​Alderhami​ ​MSc​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​​ ​The​ ​use​ ​of​ ​kiosk​ ​with​ ​chronic​ ​diseases