Cancer of pancreas and it's care

1. Submitted to: Izen Fernandus
Submitted by: Meerab Munawar

2. • Definition
• Pathophysiology
• Sign and symptoms
• Causes
• complications
• Diagnostic criteria
• Treatment
• Patient teaching
• Nursing diagnosis

3. • Pancreatic cancer is a disease in which
malignant (cancerous) cells form in the tissues
of pancreas.
- The pancreas is a gland located behind the
stomach and in front of the spine.
- The pancreas produces digestive juices and
hormones that regulate blood sugar .

4. • spread typically, metastasizes to regional lymph
node, then to liver and less commonly to lungs
• Also dieactly invade surrounding viscera
- Duodenum, stomach and colon
• Metastasize to any surface in abdominal cavity via
peritoneal spread (ascites - omnious prognosis)
• Spread to skin as pain full noudules
• Metastasis to bone uncommon
• Rare spread to brain but can produce meningeal
carcinomatosis

5.  Signs and symptoms of pancreatic cancer includes:
• Pain in the upper abdomen that radiates to your back
• Loss of appetite
• jaundice
• Depression
• New-onset diabetes
• Blood clots
• Fatigue
• Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Dark yellow urine
• Weight loss

6. • Cigarette smoking
• Expoure to industrial chemicals
• Toxins in the environment
• Diet high in fat and meat
• Less consumption of fruit and vegetables
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Genetic
• age

7. • Whipple procedure
- bleeding
- gastroparesis
- bile duct leak
- diabetes
- malabsorption
• Distal parcreatectomy
- bleeding
- pancreatic duct leak
- malabsroption
-diabetes

8. • Ultrasonograghy
• EUS
• CT
• ERCP
• MR
• Thin needle aspiration

9. • Medical
• Surgical
• Nursing
• Nutritional

10. • Palliative surgeries
• Radiation therapy
- external beam radiation therapy
• Chemotherapy
- gemcitabine , fluorouracil monotherapy or 5-
fluorouracil , leucovorin
• Endoscopy

11. • Surgical resection
- pancreaticodenectomy (whipple procedure)
- distal pancreatectomy
- total pancreatectomy

12. • Monitor hemodynamic level
• Maintain hydration
• Assess for dehydration
• Manage pain
• Monitor intake and output
• Maintain pancreatic enzyme insufficiency
• Provide aggressive pulmonary care
• Assess for coagulopathies
• Provide insulin supplementation

13. • Eat as healthy as possible.
• Nutrient-dense foods are food that contain
proteins, complex carbohydrates , healthy fat,
vitamins and minerals.
• Fruits vegetables, lean protein and whole
grains.

14. • Educates family about changes in the patient status
• Home care nurse assesses the patient’s
- physical status
- fluid and nutritional status
- skin integrity
- adequacy of the pain management
• Educate the patient and family on strategies to
prevent
- skin breakdown and relieve pain
- prurutus
- anorexia
• Arrange palliative care

15. • Impaired digestions related to the injury of
pancrease
• Pain related to tissue injury and swelling of
pancrease
• Imbalanced nutrition less than body
requirement related to lack pancreatic enzymes
• Stress and anxiety related to disease