This document outlines key topics in consumer behavior, including a model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer behavior, and types of buying decision behavior. It discusses factors like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups and social networks, family and social roles, personal factors, psychological factors, motivation, perception, learning, and attitudes that all influence consumer purchasing decisions. The document provides an overview of concepts and topics to understand consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior.
The document discusses consumer buyer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It introduces a model of consumer behavior that shows how marketing and environmental stimuli enter a consumer's "black box" and influence their responses. It then describes various factors that affect consumer behavior, including cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. It outlines four types of buying behavior and explains the typical consumer decision process of need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. It also discusses the adoption process for new products.
This document outlines key aspects of consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior discussed in Chapter 5. It introduces the model of consumer behavior and characteristics that influence consumer behavior, such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It also discusses the different types of buying decision behaviors and the stages of the buyer decision process, including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. The stages of the buyer decision process are described in detail across multiple slides.
This document summarizes key topics from Chapter 5 on consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It discusses a model of consumer behavior and how characteristics like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups, and psychological factors influence consumer decisions. It also outlines the consumer buyer decision process, from need recognition to post-purchase evaluation, and how new products are adopted. The chapter examines how marketers can understand these concepts to better reach and influence consumers.
This document outlines key concepts around consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior from Chapter 5, including the model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer behavior, types of buying decision behavior, and the buyer decision process. It discusses factors like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups and social networks, and psychological factors that influence consumer behavior. It also summarizes the stages in the buyer decision process and the adoption process for new products.
This document summarizes key topics from Chapter 5 on consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It discusses a model of consumer behavior and how characteristics like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups, and psychological factors influence consumer decisions. It also outlines the buyer decision process, from need recognition to post-purchase evaluation, and factors that influence the adoption of new products. The chapter examines how marketers can understand these concepts to better reach and satisfy consumers.
CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING.pptx for studentsMariaErikaFerrer
This document outlines key concepts in consumer buyer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It introduces a model of consumer behavior that shows how consumer characteristics and the decision process influence responses to marketing stimuli. Consumer characteristics include cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. The consumer decision process involves need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. Marketers seek to understand this process to effectively target consumers.
This document summarizes key points from Chapter 6 of the marketing management textbook. It discusses how consumer characteristics, psychological processes, and decision making influence consumer behavior. Specifically, it examines how cultural, social, and personal factors shape buying behaviors. It also analyzes motivation, perception, learning, and memory as major psychological influences. Furthermore, it outlines the five stages of the consumer decision process - problem recognition, information search, evaluation alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Lastly, it explores how marketers can analyze consumer decision making through profiling and understanding the consumer's consumption system.
This chapter discusses consumer buyer behavior and the factors that influence it. It introduces a model of consumer behavior that is impacted by marketing stimuli and other forces. It then describes the key characteristics affecting consumer behavior, including cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It outlines the major types of buying decision behaviors and stages in the buyer decision process for regular and new products. It concludes with a discussion of international differences in consumer behavior.
The document discusses consumer buyer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It introduces a model of consumer behavior that shows how marketing and environmental stimuli enter a consumer's "black box" and influence their responses. It then describes various factors that affect consumer behavior, including cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. It outlines four types of buying behavior and explains the typical consumer decision process of need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. It also discusses the adoption process for new products.
This document outlines key aspects of consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior discussed in Chapter 5. It introduces the model of consumer behavior and characteristics that influence consumer behavior, such as cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It also discusses the different types of buying decision behaviors and the stages of the buyer decision process, including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. The stages of the buyer decision process are described in detail across multiple slides.
This document summarizes key topics from Chapter 5 on consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It discusses a model of consumer behavior and how characteristics like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups, and psychological factors influence consumer decisions. It also outlines the consumer buyer decision process, from need recognition to post-purchase evaluation, and how new products are adopted. The chapter examines how marketers can understand these concepts to better reach and influence consumers.
This document outlines key concepts around consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior from Chapter 5, including the model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer behavior, types of buying decision behavior, and the buyer decision process. It discusses factors like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups and social networks, and psychological factors that influence consumer behavior. It also summarizes the stages in the buyer decision process and the adoption process for new products.
This document summarizes key topics from Chapter 5 on consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It discusses a model of consumer behavior and how characteristics like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups, and psychological factors influence consumer decisions. It also outlines the buyer decision process, from need recognition to post-purchase evaluation, and factors that influence the adoption of new products. The chapter examines how marketers can understand these concepts to better reach and satisfy consumers.
CHAPTER 5 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING.pptx for studentsMariaErikaFerrer
This document outlines key concepts in consumer buyer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It introduces a model of consumer behavior that shows how consumer characteristics and the decision process influence responses to marketing stimuli. Consumer characteristics include cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. The consumer decision process involves need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. Marketers seek to understand this process to effectively target consumers.
This document summarizes key points from Chapter 6 of the marketing management textbook. It discusses how consumer characteristics, psychological processes, and decision making influence consumer behavior. Specifically, it examines how cultural, social, and personal factors shape buying behaviors. It also analyzes motivation, perception, learning, and memory as major psychological influences. Furthermore, it outlines the five stages of the consumer decision process - problem recognition, information search, evaluation alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Lastly, it explores how marketers can analyze consumer decision making through profiling and understanding the consumer's consumption system.
This chapter discusses consumer buyer behavior and the factors that influence it. It introduces a model of consumer behavior that is impacted by marketing stimuli and other forces. It then describes the key characteristics affecting consumer behavior, including cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It outlines the major types of buying decision behaviors and stages in the buyer decision process for regular and new products. It concludes with a discussion of international differences in consumer behavior.
This document provides an overview of consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It discusses key topics like the model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer behavior, types of buying decision behavior, and the buyer decision process. The characteristics discussed include cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors that influence consumer behavior. It also examines the stages of the buyer decision process, from need recognition to post-purchase evaluation, and the adoption process for new products.
This document outlines key topics in consumer buyer behavior including the model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer decisions, types of buying behaviors, and the consumer decision process. It discusses how factors like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups, family, age, income and more influence purchasing. It also examines psychological factors, motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes. Finally, it explores the consumer decision process, sources of information, and the adoption of new products.
This chapter discusses consumer buyer behavior and the factors that influence it. It presents a model of consumer behavior that shows how marketing stimuli interacts with other stimuli to influence consumer behavior. It identifies four major factors - cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics - that affect consumer behavior. It also describes the different types of buying decision behaviors and the five stages of the buyer decision process for new and existing products: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Finally, it discusses differences in consumer behavior across international borders.
This document outlines key aspects of consumer buyer behavior covered in Chapter 5, including the consumer decision-making process and factors that influence consumer behavior. It discusses cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics that affect consumer behavior. It also describes the consumer buyer decision process, from need recognition through post-purchase evaluation, and the adoption process for new products. The topic outline and slides cover a model of consumer behavior, types of buying decisions, and characteristics such as culture, motivation and attitudes that shape consumer choices.
This document outlines key topics in consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It discusses the model of consumer behavior and characteristics that affect consumer behavior, including cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It also summarizes the different types of buying decision behaviors and details the steps in the buyer decision process, from need recognition to the post-purchase evaluation. Finally, it examines the adoption process for new products and how product characteristics influence the rate of adoption.
This document outlines key topics in consumer behavior that are covered in Chapter 5, including the model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer behavior like culture, personality, and motivation, different types of buying decisions, and the consumer decision process of need recognition, information search, evaluation, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It provides an overview of the chapter's content through a slideshow format.
Principlesof marketing 05 [compatibility mode]Fraz Ali
This document provides an overview of consumer buyer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It discusses key topics like the model of consumer behavior, characteristics that influence consumer decisions including cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It also outlines the stages in the buyer decision process: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Finally, it covers the adoption process for new products.
This document outlines key topics in consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior that are covered in Chapter 5, including the model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer behavior, types of buying decision behavior, and the buyer decision process. It provides an overview of factors that influence consumer behavior such as culture, subcultures, social classes, groups and social networks, as well as personal factors including age, occupation, lifestyle, personality, motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes. It also summarizes the stages of the buyer decision process and the adoption process for new products.
This document provides an overview of consumer and business buyer behavior. It discusses the key factors that influence consumer behavior, including cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. It also outlines the five stages of the consumer decision process: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase behavior. The document then discusses the adoption process for new products and categorizes different types of adopters. It defines business markets and contrasts business and consumer buying behavior. The major influences on and stages of the business buying process are also summarized.
This chapter discusses consumer buyer behavior and marketing concepts. It introduces a model of consumer behavior that is influenced by marketing stimuli and other factors such as cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. It also outlines the stages of the buyer decision process, including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Finally, it describes different types of buying decision behaviors such as complex, dissonance-reducing, habitual, and variety-seeking.
The document discusses factors that influence consumer behavior, including cultural, social, and personal factors. It explains key psychological processes such as motivation, perception, learning, emotions, and memory that shape consumer responses. The document also outlines the typical consumer decision-making process, from problem recognition to post-purchase evaluation. It notes that consumers do not always follow rational, deliberate decision making and may use mental shortcuts or be influenced by framing effects.
This document outlines a model of consumer behavior and discusses factors that influence consumer decisions. It describes the consumer market and defines consumer buyer behavior. There are four main factors that influence consumer decisions: cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. The model also examines the five stages of the consumer decision process: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Understanding consumer behavior is important for marketing to meet consumer needs and wants.
This document provides an overview of consumer behavior and the consumer buying decision process. It discusses key concepts such as who consumers and customers are, factors that influence consumer behavior like cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. It also outlines the typical consumer buying decision process from need recognition to post-purchase evaluation. The document examines different types of buying decisions and models of consumer behavior. Finally, it briefly discusses business buyers and the organizational buying process.
This chapter discusses consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It outlines the model of consumer behavior and factors that influence consumer decisions, including cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. It also describes the consumer decision-making process of need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase evaluation. Finally, it briefly introduces the business buying process.
This document outlines consumer buyer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It discusses factors that influence consumer behavior like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups and networks, and personal factors. It also examines psychological factors of motivation, perception, learning, beliefs, attitudes, and the consumer decision process of need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Finally, it briefly introduces business buyer behavior and the business decision process.
This document discusses consumer buyer behavior and the factors that influence purchasing decisions. It outlines the consumer decision process, which begins with need recognition and information search. The consumer then evaluates alternatives and makes a purchase decision. After purchasing, the consumer experiences post-purchase satisfaction or dissonance based on whether expectations match actual product performance. Key factors like culture, social class, personality, motivation, and perception shape how consumers move through the decision stages.
Ch05 consumer markets and consumer buyer behaviorzaib zafar
This document provides an overview of Chapter 5 from a marketing textbook. It discusses consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. The key points covered include:
- A model of consumer buyer behavior involving cultural, social, personal and psychological factors that influence purchasing decisions.
- The stages of the consumer decision process: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
- Different types of buying decisions and the roles involved in purchases.
- The adoption and diffusion process for new products, including innovator categories and characteristics that influence adoption rates.
- International differences in consumer behavior and considerations for marketers when expanding globally.
How do consumer characteristics influence buying behavior?
What major psychological processes influence consumer responses to the marketing program?
How do consumers make purchasing decisions?
In what ways do consumers stray from a deliberative, rational decision process?
PRINCPLE OF MARKETING power point for studentDerbewBirhanu2
This document outlines key concepts around consumer buyer behavior and business buying behavior. It discusses factors that influence consumer purchases such as culture, social groups, personal characteristics, and psychological factors. It also describes the consumer decision making process, including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. There are different types of consumer buying behavior based on involvement and differences between brands, including complex, dissonance-reducing, habitual, and variety-seeking behaviors. The roles involved in organizational buying decisions are also presented.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
This document provides an overview of consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It discusses key topics like the model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer behavior, types of buying decision behavior, and the buyer decision process. The characteristics discussed include cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors that influence consumer behavior. It also examines the stages of the buyer decision process, from need recognition to post-purchase evaluation, and the adoption process for new products.
This document outlines key topics in consumer buyer behavior including the model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer decisions, types of buying behaviors, and the consumer decision process. It discusses how factors like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups, family, age, income and more influence purchasing. It also examines psychological factors, motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes. Finally, it explores the consumer decision process, sources of information, and the adoption of new products.
This chapter discusses consumer buyer behavior and the factors that influence it. It presents a model of consumer behavior that shows how marketing stimuli interacts with other stimuli to influence consumer behavior. It identifies four major factors - cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics - that affect consumer behavior. It also describes the different types of buying decision behaviors and the five stages of the buyer decision process for new and existing products: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Finally, it discusses differences in consumer behavior across international borders.
This document outlines key aspects of consumer buyer behavior covered in Chapter 5, including the consumer decision-making process and factors that influence consumer behavior. It discusses cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics that affect consumer behavior. It also describes the consumer buyer decision process, from need recognition through post-purchase evaluation, and the adoption process for new products. The topic outline and slides cover a model of consumer behavior, types of buying decisions, and characteristics such as culture, motivation and attitudes that shape consumer choices.
This document outlines key topics in consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It discusses the model of consumer behavior and characteristics that affect consumer behavior, including cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It also summarizes the different types of buying decision behaviors and details the steps in the buyer decision process, from need recognition to the post-purchase evaluation. Finally, it examines the adoption process for new products and how product characteristics influence the rate of adoption.
This document outlines key topics in consumer behavior that are covered in Chapter 5, including the model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer behavior like culture, personality, and motivation, different types of buying decisions, and the consumer decision process of need recognition, information search, evaluation, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. It provides an overview of the chapter's content through a slideshow format.
Principlesof marketing 05 [compatibility mode]Fraz Ali
This document provides an overview of consumer buyer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It discusses key topics like the model of consumer behavior, characteristics that influence consumer decisions including cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. It also outlines the stages in the buyer decision process: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Finally, it covers the adoption process for new products.
This document outlines key topics in consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior that are covered in Chapter 5, including the model of consumer behavior, characteristics affecting consumer behavior, types of buying decision behavior, and the buyer decision process. It provides an overview of factors that influence consumer behavior such as culture, subcultures, social classes, groups and social networks, as well as personal factors including age, occupation, lifestyle, personality, motivation, perception, learning, beliefs and attitudes. It also summarizes the stages of the buyer decision process and the adoption process for new products.
This document provides an overview of consumer and business buyer behavior. It discusses the key factors that influence consumer behavior, including cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. It also outlines the five stages of the consumer decision process: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase behavior. The document then discusses the adoption process for new products and categorizes different types of adopters. It defines business markets and contrasts business and consumer buying behavior. The major influences on and stages of the business buying process are also summarized.
This chapter discusses consumer buyer behavior and marketing concepts. It introduces a model of consumer behavior that is influenced by marketing stimuli and other factors such as cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. It also outlines the stages of the buyer decision process, including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Finally, it describes different types of buying decision behaviors such as complex, dissonance-reducing, habitual, and variety-seeking.
The document discusses factors that influence consumer behavior, including cultural, social, and personal factors. It explains key psychological processes such as motivation, perception, learning, emotions, and memory that shape consumer responses. The document also outlines the typical consumer decision-making process, from problem recognition to post-purchase evaluation. It notes that consumers do not always follow rational, deliberate decision making and may use mental shortcuts or be influenced by framing effects.
This document outlines a model of consumer behavior and discusses factors that influence consumer decisions. It describes the consumer market and defines consumer buyer behavior. There are four main factors that influence consumer decisions: cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. The model also examines the five stages of the consumer decision process: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Understanding consumer behavior is important for marketing to meet consumer needs and wants.
This document provides an overview of consumer behavior and the consumer buying decision process. It discusses key concepts such as who consumers and customers are, factors that influence consumer behavior like cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. It also outlines the typical consumer buying decision process from need recognition to post-purchase evaluation. The document examines different types of buying decisions and models of consumer behavior. Finally, it briefly discusses business buyers and the organizational buying process.
This chapter discusses consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. It outlines the model of consumer behavior and factors that influence consumer decisions, including cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. It also describes the consumer decision-making process of need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision and post-purchase evaluation. Finally, it briefly introduces the business buying process.
This document outlines consumer buyer behavior and the consumer decision-making process. It discusses factors that influence consumer behavior like culture, subcultures, social classes, groups and networks, and personal factors. It also examines psychological factors of motivation, perception, learning, beliefs, attitudes, and the consumer decision process of need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase evaluation. Finally, it briefly introduces business buyer behavior and the business decision process.
This document discusses consumer buyer behavior and the factors that influence purchasing decisions. It outlines the consumer decision process, which begins with need recognition and information search. The consumer then evaluates alternatives and makes a purchase decision. After purchasing, the consumer experiences post-purchase satisfaction or dissonance based on whether expectations match actual product performance. Key factors like culture, social class, personality, motivation, and perception shape how consumers move through the decision stages.
Ch05 consumer markets and consumer buyer behaviorzaib zafar
This document provides an overview of Chapter 5 from a marketing textbook. It discusses consumer markets and consumer buyer behavior. The key points covered include:
- A model of consumer buyer behavior involving cultural, social, personal and psychological factors that influence purchasing decisions.
- The stages of the consumer decision process: need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior.
- Different types of buying decisions and the roles involved in purchases.
- The adoption and diffusion process for new products, including innovator categories and characteristics that influence adoption rates.
- International differences in consumer behavior and considerations for marketers when expanding globally.
How do consumer characteristics influence buying behavior?
What major psychological processes influence consumer responses to the marketing program?
How do consumers make purchasing decisions?
In what ways do consumers stray from a deliberative, rational decision process?
PRINCPLE OF MARKETING power point for studentDerbewBirhanu2
This document outlines key concepts around consumer buyer behavior and business buying behavior. It discusses factors that influence consumer purchases such as culture, social groups, personal characteristics, and psychological factors. It also describes the consumer decision making process, including need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. There are different types of consumer buying behavior based on involvement and differences between brands, including complex, dissonance-reducing, habitual, and variety-seeking behaviors. The roles involved in organizational buying decisions are also presented.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills