This document provides a quick reference to C++ language elements including preprocessing directives, literals, declarations, statements, functions, expressions, classes, templates, namespaces, and the C/C++ standard library. It defines common elements such as comments, data types, operators, control structures, classes, and input/output functions in a concise format.
This document provides a quick reference for common C++ constructs such as data types, variables, operators, functions, classes and namespaces. It covers basic syntax for declarations, definitions, expressions, statements, comments and preprocessor directives. Constants, literals, storage classes, operators and their precedence are defined. Functions can be declared, defined and called, with parameters, return types and overloading explained.
Write a program that converts an infix expression into an equivalent.pdfmohdjakirfb
Write a program that converts an infix expression into an equivalent postfix expression. The
rules to convert an infix expression into an equivalent postfix expression are as follows (C++):
Initialize pfx to an empty expression and also initialize the stack.
Get the next symbol, sym, from infx.
If sym is an operand, append sym to pfx.
If sym is (, push sym into the stack.
If sym is ), pop and append all of the symbols from the stack until the most recent left
parentheses. Pop and discard the left parentheses.
If sym is an operator:
Pop and append all of the operators from the stack to pfx that are above the most recent left
parentheses and have precedence greater than or equal to sym.
Push sym onto the stack.
After processing infx, some operators might be left in the stack. Pop and append to pfx
everything from the stack.
In this program, you will consider the following (binary) arithmetic operators: +, -, *, and /.
You may assume that the expressions you will process are error free. Design a class that stores
the infix and postfix strings. The class must include the following operations:
getInfix: Stores the infix expression.
showInfix: Outputs the infix expression.
showPostfix: Outputs the postfix expression.
convertToPostfix: Converts the infix expression into a postfix expression. The resulting postfix
expression is stored in pfx.
precedence: Determines the precedence between two operators. If the first operator is of higher
or equal precedence than the second operator, it returns the value true; otherwise, it returns the
value false.
A + B - C;
(A + B ) * C;
(A + B) * (C - D);
A + ((B + C) * (E - F) - G) / (H - I);
A + B * (C + D ) - E / F * G + H;
Infix Expression: A+B-C;
Postfix Expression: AB+C-
Infix Expression: (A+B)*C;
Postfix Expression: AB+C*
Infix Expression: (A+B)*(C-D);
Postfix Expression: AB+CD-*
Infix Expression: A+((B+C)*(E-F)-G)/(H-I);
Postfix Expression: ABC+EF-*G-HI-/+
Infix Expression: A+B*(C+D)-E/F*G+H;
Postfix Expression: ABCD+*+EF/G*-H+
Turn in:
A UML diagram for your class.
The header file for your class.
The implementation file for your class.
The source code for your test program. (C++)
(Below already done code.)
//Header file: myStack.h
#ifndef H_StackType
#define H_StackType
#include
#include
#include \"stackADT.h\"
using namespace std;
template
class stackType: public stackADT
{
public:
const stackType& operator=(const stackType&);
//Overload the assignment operator.
void initializeStack();
//Function to initialize the stack to an empty state.
//Postcondition: stackTop = 0
bool isEmptyStack() const;
//Function to determine whether the stack is empty.
//Postcondition: Returns true if the stack is empty,
// otherwise returns false.
bool isFullStack() const;
//Function to determine whether the stack is full.
//Postcondition: Returns true if the stack is full,
// otherwise returns false.
void push(const Type& newItem);
//Function to add newItem to the stack.
//Precondition: The stack exists and is not full.
//Postc.
This document provides a summary of the Go programming language. It outlines some key features of Go including:
- It is an imperative, statically typed language with syntax similar to C but fewer parentheses and no semicolons.
- It compiles to native code without a virtual machine and has built-in concurrency primitives like goroutines and channels.
- Some basic Go constructs are demonstrated like defining functions, variables, control structures, arrays/slices, maps, structs, and interfaces. Pointers, errors, and embedding are also summarized.
The document provides a summary of key Java concepts including:
1) Primitive types like int, boolean, and char. Operators like assignment, binary, and unary. Casting between types.
2) Common classes like Scanner for input, Math for functions, String for string methods. Collections like List, Set, Map and their usage.
3) Other concepts covered include if/else statements, loops, arrays, functions, classes/objects, polymorphism with inheritance/interfaces, and generics.
This document provides a cheat sheet on key concepts in the Java language, including primitive types like integers and floating point numbers, operators, input/output, strings, arrays, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, exceptions, and core Java utility classes like Collections. It covers basic syntax for variables, conditionals, loops, methods, and gives examples of using common data structures like Lists, Sets, Maps, Queues and PriorityQueues.
This document discusses functions in C programming. It defines a function as a section of code that performs a specific task. Functions make programming simpler by splitting problems into smaller, more manageable sub-problems. The key advantages are that problems can be viewed at a smaller scope, program development is faster, and programs are easier to maintain. There are two types of functions - library functions provided by the language and user-defined functions written by the programmer. Functions can take parameters, perform operations, and return values. Well-structured functions are important for organizing code and solving complex problems.
a) Complete both insert and delete methods. If it works correctly 10.pdfMAYANKBANSAL1981
a) Complete both insert and delete methods. If it works correctly 100 points each.
b) Do not call the search method in delete method.
c) Make sure to write your name in main method.
d) DO NOT MODIFY PROCESS METHOD.
3- Create a proper input file with respect to process method to test all cases in both
insert and delete methods.
4- Compile and execute your program at the command prompt. Check your output, if it
is correct
//xxxxxH5.java is linked list implementation of lstinterface.
//Eliminate count form both insert and delete methods
// If works correctly, 200 points
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
//lstinterface is an interface
public class xxxxxH5 implements lstinterface {
// xxxxxH5 class variables
//head is a pointer to beginning of linked list
private node head = null;
//use prt for System.out to save typing
PrintStream prt = System.out;
// class node
private class node{
// class node variables
int data;
node rlink; //right link
// class node constructor
node(int x){
data = x;
rlink = null;
} // end class node constructor
}// class node
// insert x at position p,
// if successful return 1 otherwise return 0
public int insert(int x, int p){
prt.printf("\n\t\tInsert %5d at position %2d:", x, p);
// complete this method
return 0; // successful insertion
} // end insert
// delete x at position p
// if successful return 1 otherwise return 0
public int delete(int p){
prt.printf("\n\t\tDelete element at position %2d:", p);
// complete this method
return 0; // successful insertion
} // end delete
// sequential serach for x in the list
// if successful return its position otherwise return 0;
public int search(int x){
// Local variables
node cur;
prt.printf("\n\t\tSearch for %5d:", x);
// Complete the rest of the method
int pos = 0;
for (cur = head; cur != null ; cur = cur.rlink){
pos ++;
if (cur.data == x){
prt.printf(" Found at position %2d, ", pos);
return pos;
} // end if
} // end for
prt.printf(" Not Found.");
return 0; // x is not found.
} // end search
// print list elements formatted
public void printlst() {
// Local variables
node cur;
prt.printf("\n\tList contents: ");
for (cur = head; cur != null ; cur = cur.rlink)
prt.printf("%5d,", cur.data);
// end for
} // end printlst
// insert delete and search in the list
private void process(String fn){
// Local variables
int j, ins, del, srch, k, p;
int x;
prt.printf("\tLinked List implementation of int list without"+
//\n\tusing count, gets input file name from method argument, then
reads:"+
"\n\tinteger No. of elements to insert(ins)"+
" followed by elements to insert and their positions,"+
"\n\tinteger No. of elements to search(srch) followed by element to
search"+
"\n\tinteger No. of elements to delete(del) followed by position of"+
"elements to delete" +
"\n\t\tTo compile: javac xxxxxH5.java" +
"\n\t\tTo execute: java xxxxxH5 inputfilename");
try{
// open input file
Scanner inf = new Scanner(new File(fn));
//read no. of elements to insert
ins = inf.nextInt();
prt.printf("\n\tInsert %.
This document provides a quick reference for common C++ constructs such as data types, variables, operators, functions, classes and namespaces. It covers basic syntax for declarations, definitions, expressions, statements, comments and preprocessor directives. Constants, literals, storage classes, operators and their precedence are defined. Functions can be declared, defined and called, with parameters, return types and overloading explained.
Write a program that converts an infix expression into an equivalent.pdfmohdjakirfb
Write a program that converts an infix expression into an equivalent postfix expression. The
rules to convert an infix expression into an equivalent postfix expression are as follows (C++):
Initialize pfx to an empty expression and also initialize the stack.
Get the next symbol, sym, from infx.
If sym is an operand, append sym to pfx.
If sym is (, push sym into the stack.
If sym is ), pop and append all of the symbols from the stack until the most recent left
parentheses. Pop and discard the left parentheses.
If sym is an operator:
Pop and append all of the operators from the stack to pfx that are above the most recent left
parentheses and have precedence greater than or equal to sym.
Push sym onto the stack.
After processing infx, some operators might be left in the stack. Pop and append to pfx
everything from the stack.
In this program, you will consider the following (binary) arithmetic operators: +, -, *, and /.
You may assume that the expressions you will process are error free. Design a class that stores
the infix and postfix strings. The class must include the following operations:
getInfix: Stores the infix expression.
showInfix: Outputs the infix expression.
showPostfix: Outputs the postfix expression.
convertToPostfix: Converts the infix expression into a postfix expression. The resulting postfix
expression is stored in pfx.
precedence: Determines the precedence between two operators. If the first operator is of higher
or equal precedence than the second operator, it returns the value true; otherwise, it returns the
value false.
A + B - C;
(A + B ) * C;
(A + B) * (C - D);
A + ((B + C) * (E - F) - G) / (H - I);
A + B * (C + D ) - E / F * G + H;
Infix Expression: A+B-C;
Postfix Expression: AB+C-
Infix Expression: (A+B)*C;
Postfix Expression: AB+C*
Infix Expression: (A+B)*(C-D);
Postfix Expression: AB+CD-*
Infix Expression: A+((B+C)*(E-F)-G)/(H-I);
Postfix Expression: ABC+EF-*G-HI-/+
Infix Expression: A+B*(C+D)-E/F*G+H;
Postfix Expression: ABCD+*+EF/G*-H+
Turn in:
A UML diagram for your class.
The header file for your class.
The implementation file for your class.
The source code for your test program. (C++)
(Below already done code.)
//Header file: myStack.h
#ifndef H_StackType
#define H_StackType
#include
#include
#include \"stackADT.h\"
using namespace std;
template
class stackType: public stackADT
{
public:
const stackType& operator=(const stackType&);
//Overload the assignment operator.
void initializeStack();
//Function to initialize the stack to an empty state.
//Postcondition: stackTop = 0
bool isEmptyStack() const;
//Function to determine whether the stack is empty.
//Postcondition: Returns true if the stack is empty,
// otherwise returns false.
bool isFullStack() const;
//Function to determine whether the stack is full.
//Postcondition: Returns true if the stack is full,
// otherwise returns false.
void push(const Type& newItem);
//Function to add newItem to the stack.
//Precondition: The stack exists and is not full.
//Postc.
This document provides a summary of the Go programming language. It outlines some key features of Go including:
- It is an imperative, statically typed language with syntax similar to C but fewer parentheses and no semicolons.
- It compiles to native code without a virtual machine and has built-in concurrency primitives like goroutines and channels.
- Some basic Go constructs are demonstrated like defining functions, variables, control structures, arrays/slices, maps, structs, and interfaces. Pointers, errors, and embedding are also summarized.
The document provides a summary of key Java concepts including:
1) Primitive types like int, boolean, and char. Operators like assignment, binary, and unary. Casting between types.
2) Common classes like Scanner for input, Math for functions, String for string methods. Collections like List, Set, Map and their usage.
3) Other concepts covered include if/else statements, loops, arrays, functions, classes/objects, polymorphism with inheritance/interfaces, and generics.
This document provides a cheat sheet on key concepts in the Java language, including primitive types like integers and floating point numbers, operators, input/output, strings, arrays, classes, inheritance, polymorphism, exceptions, and core Java utility classes like Collections. It covers basic syntax for variables, conditionals, loops, methods, and gives examples of using common data structures like Lists, Sets, Maps, Queues and PriorityQueues.
This document discusses functions in C programming. It defines a function as a section of code that performs a specific task. Functions make programming simpler by splitting problems into smaller, more manageable sub-problems. The key advantages are that problems can be viewed at a smaller scope, program development is faster, and programs are easier to maintain. There are two types of functions - library functions provided by the language and user-defined functions written by the programmer. Functions can take parameters, perform operations, and return values. Well-structured functions are important for organizing code and solving complex problems.
a) Complete both insert and delete methods. If it works correctly 10.pdfMAYANKBANSAL1981
a) Complete both insert and delete methods. If it works correctly 100 points each.
b) Do not call the search method in delete method.
c) Make sure to write your name in main method.
d) DO NOT MODIFY PROCESS METHOD.
3- Create a proper input file with respect to process method to test all cases in both
insert and delete methods.
4- Compile and execute your program at the command prompt. Check your output, if it
is correct
//xxxxxH5.java is linked list implementation of lstinterface.
//Eliminate count form both insert and delete methods
// If works correctly, 200 points
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
//lstinterface is an interface
public class xxxxxH5 implements lstinterface {
// xxxxxH5 class variables
//head is a pointer to beginning of linked list
private node head = null;
//use prt for System.out to save typing
PrintStream prt = System.out;
// class node
private class node{
// class node variables
int data;
node rlink; //right link
// class node constructor
node(int x){
data = x;
rlink = null;
} // end class node constructor
}// class node
// insert x at position p,
// if successful return 1 otherwise return 0
public int insert(int x, int p){
prt.printf("\n\t\tInsert %5d at position %2d:", x, p);
// complete this method
return 0; // successful insertion
} // end insert
// delete x at position p
// if successful return 1 otherwise return 0
public int delete(int p){
prt.printf("\n\t\tDelete element at position %2d:", p);
// complete this method
return 0; // successful insertion
} // end delete
// sequential serach for x in the list
// if successful return its position otherwise return 0;
public int search(int x){
// Local variables
node cur;
prt.printf("\n\t\tSearch for %5d:", x);
// Complete the rest of the method
int pos = 0;
for (cur = head; cur != null ; cur = cur.rlink){
pos ++;
if (cur.data == x){
prt.printf(" Found at position %2d, ", pos);
return pos;
} // end if
} // end for
prt.printf(" Not Found.");
return 0; // x is not found.
} // end search
// print list elements formatted
public void printlst() {
// Local variables
node cur;
prt.printf("\n\tList contents: ");
for (cur = head; cur != null ; cur = cur.rlink)
prt.printf("%5d,", cur.data);
// end for
} // end printlst
// insert delete and search in the list
private void process(String fn){
// Local variables
int j, ins, del, srch, k, p;
int x;
prt.printf("\tLinked List implementation of int list without"+
//\n\tusing count, gets input file name from method argument, then
reads:"+
"\n\tinteger No. of elements to insert(ins)"+
" followed by elements to insert and their positions,"+
"\n\tinteger No. of elements to search(srch) followed by element to
search"+
"\n\tinteger No. of elements to delete(del) followed by position of"+
"elements to delete" +
"\n\t\tTo compile: javac xxxxxH5.java" +
"\n\t\tTo execute: java xxxxxH5 inputfilename");
try{
// open input file
Scanner inf = new Scanner(new File(fn));
//read no. of elements to insert
ins = inf.nextInt();
prt.printf("\n\tInsert %.
Scala is a multi-paradigm language that runs on the JVM and interoperates with Java code and libraries. It combines object-oriented and functional programming by allowing functions to be treated as objects and supports features like traits, pattern matching, and immutable data structures. The Scala compiler infers types and generates boilerplate code like getters/setters, making development more productive compared to Java. While Scala has a learning curve, it allows a more concise and scalable language for building applications.
This document discusses first-class functions and lambda calculus. It begins with an overview of Alonzo Church and the origins of lambda calculus. It then covers first-class functions in JavaScript, functions as objects in Java, and first-class functions in Scala. The document also discusses generic higher-order functions and control abstraction.
Templates allow functions and classes to work with different data types. Template classes define generic class definitions that can be used for multiple types, while template functions define generic functions. When a template is instantiated, actual code is generated for the specific types used. Exceptions provide a mechanism to handle runtime errors in C++ and are used by enclosing code that may throw exceptions in a try block and catching specific exceptions in catch blocks.
In C++Add the function min as an abstract function to the classar.pdffantoosh1
In C++:
Add the function min as an abstract function to the classarrayListTypeto return the smallest
element of the list.
Also, write the definition of the function min in the classunorderedArrayListTypeand write a
program to test this function.
arrayListType.h
#ifndef H_arrayListType
#define H_arrayListType
class arrayListType
{
public:
bool isEmpty() const;
//Function to determine whether the list is empty
//Postcondition: Returns true if the list is empty;
// otherwise, returns false.
bool isFull() const;
//Function to determine whether the list is full
//Postcondition: Returns true if the list is full;
// otherwise, returns false.
int listSize() const;
//Function to determine the number of elements in
//the list.
//Postcondition: Returns the value of length.
int maxListSize() const;
//Function to determine the maximum size of the list
//Postcondition: Returns the value of maxSize.
void print() const;
//Function to output the elements of the list
//Postcondition: Elements of the list are output on the
// standard output device.
bool isItemAtEqual(int location, int item) const;
//Function to determine whether item is the same as
//the item in the list at the position specified
//by location.
//Postcondition: Returns true if list[location]
// is the same as item; otherwise,
// returns false.
// If location is out of range, an
// appropriate message is displayed.
virtual void insertAt(int location, int insertItem) = 0;
//Function to insert insertItem in the list at the
//position specified by location.
//Note that this is an abstract function.
//Postcondition: Starting at location, the elements of
// the list are shifted down,
// list[location] = insertItem; length++;
// If the list is full or location is out of
// range, an appropriate message is displayed.
virtual void insertEnd(int insertItem) = 0;
//Function to insert insertItem at the end of
//the list. Note that this is an abstract function.
//Postcondition: list[length] = insertItem; and length++;
// If the list is full, an appropriate
// message is displayed.
void removeAt(int location);
//Function to remove the item from the list at the
//position specified by location
//Postcondition: The list element at list[location] is
// removed and length is decremented by 1.
// If location is out of range, an
// appropriate message is displayed.
void retrieveAt(int location, int& retItem) const;
//Function to retrieve the element from the list at the
//position specified by location
//Postcondition: retItem = list[location]
// If location is out of range, an
// appropriate message is displayed.
virtual void replaceAt(int location, int repItem) = 0;
//Function to replace the elements in the list
//at the position specified by location.
//Note that this is an abstract function.
//Postcondition: list[location] = repItem
// If location is out of range, an
// appropriate message is displayed.
void clearList();
//Function to remove all the elements from the list
//After this operation, the size of t.
This presentation considers certain specific features of C++11 and additions to STL library (uniform initialization, new containers and methods, move semantics).
Presentation by Taras Protsiv (Software Engineer, GlobalLogic), Kyiv, delivered at GlobalLogic C++ TechTalk in Lviv, September 18, 2014.
More details -
http://www.globallogic.com.ua/press-releases/lviv-cpp-techtalk-coverage
The document discusses pointers and memory management in C++. It explains that pointers store the address of a variable in memory and can be used to allocate and free dynamic memory using new and delete. New returns a pointer to the allocated memory, and for every new there must be a corresponding delete. Arrays allocated with new must be freed with delete[]. Classes can define destructors to clean up memory in the class. References are explained as aliases to existing variables, differing from pointers which store addresses. The document also discusses using header files to declare classes to be used across files.
Table.java Huffman code frequency tableimport java.io.;im.docxMARRY7
The document defines classes for building a Huffman coding tree from character frequencies in a file. It includes classes for a frequency table, priority queue, tree nodes, and the Huffman algorithm. The Huffman class constructs the tree from a file, inserts codewords, and can encode and decode a string using the tree. It outputs entropy and average code length metrics.
PROBLEM STATEMENTIn this assignment, you will complete DoubleEnde.pdfclimatecontrolsv
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
In this assignment, you will complete DoubleEndedList.java that implements the ListInterface as
well as an interface called DoubleEndedInterface which represents the list's entries by using a
chain of nodes that has both a head reference and a tail reference. Be sure to read through the
code and understand the implementation.
WHAT IS PROVIDED:
- A driver class to test your code. You should not modify this file!
- A list interface (ListInterface.java)
- A double ended interface (DoubleEndedInterface.java)
- An incomplete DoubleEndedList class (DoubleEndedList.java)
WHAT YOU NEED TO DO:
4. Complete the DoubleEndedList class
4. Run the driver and make sure your output is exactly the same as mine (at the bottom of
Driver.java)
\} // end else numberofEntries--; else throw new IndexOut0fBoundsException("Illegal position
given to remove operation."); return result; // Return removed entry }//endreturnreve public T
replace(int givenPosition, T newEntry) \{ T replace(int givenPosition, T newEntry) \{ if
((givenPosition >=1)&& (givenPosition <= numberOfEntries)) \{ // Assertion: The list is not
empty Node desiredNode = getNodeAt (givenPosition); ToriginalEntry = desiredNode.getData();
desiredNode.setData(newEntry); return originalEntry; f // end if else throw new
IndexOut0fBoundsException("Illegal position given to replace operation."); replace if ((
givenPosition >=1)&& (givenPosition <= number0fEntries)) \{ // Assertion: The list is not
empty Node desiredNode = getNodeAt ( givenPosition); T originalEntry = desiredNode.
getData( ); desiredNode.setData(newEntry); return originalentry; \} // end if throw new
Index0ut0fBoundsException("Illegal position given to replace operation."); \} // end replace
public T getEntry(int givenPosition) \{ if ((givenPosition >=1) \&\& (givenPosition < =
number0fEntries ) ) \{ // Assertion: The list is not empty return getNodeAt (givenPosition).
getData(); else // end if throw new IndexOut0fBoundsException("Illegal position given to
getEntry operation."); \} // end getEntry public boolean contains ( T anEntry) \{ boolean found =
false; Node currentNode = firstNode; while (!found && (currentNode != null)) \{ if
(anEntry.equals (currentNode.getData())) else found = true; \} // end while currentNode =
currentNode. getNextNode () ; return found; \} // end contains public int getLength() \{ return
numberofEntries; \} // end getLength public boolean isEmpty() \{ return number0fEntries ==0;
\} // end isEmpty public T[] toArray() \{ // The cast is safe because the new array contains null
entries aSuppressWarnings ("unchecked") T[] result =(T[]) new 0bject [numberofEntries]; //
Unchecked cast int index =0; Node currentNode = firstNode; while ((index < numberOfEntries)
\&\& (currentNode != null)) \& result [ index ]= currentNode. getData () ; currentNode =
currentNode.getNextNode ( ); index++; 3 // end while return result; 3 // end toArray // Returns a
reference to the node at a given position. // Precondition: L.
The document defines a template class called myList that implements a dynamic array-based list of common elements. The myList class contains public member functions for the constructor, destructor, printing elements, appending elements, checking if an element is in the list, inserting elements, sorting elements, and overloading operators. It also contains private member variables for tracking the length of the list and storing the elements in a dynamic array. The template class is defined in a header file called myList.hpp, which also provides documentation on creating a test program called testmyList.cpp to test the myList class.
Pointers allow programs to store and manipulate memory addresses. A pointer variable contains the address of another variable. Pointers are useful for passing data between functions, returning multiple values from functions, and dynamically allocating memory at runtime. Pointers can also be used to access elements of arrays indirectly and implement multidimensional arrays more efficiently. Pointer notation provides an alternative way to access array elements through pointer arithmetic rather than subscripts.
This document provides an overview of the Go programming language. It discusses that Go was initially developed at Google in 2007 and is now an open source language used by many companies. The document then covers Why Go is useful, including its memory management, concurrency support, and cross-platform capabilities. It also summarizes some of Go's basic syntax like packages, functions, variables, types, and control structures. Finally, it discusses some key Go concepts like methods, interfaces, channels, and the net/http package.
A class that automates conversion from a C++ recursive function to an iterative function. It allow the recursive function to preserve its structure by reproducing the "call stack" on an std::stack. The examples use combinatorics to illustrate usage.
This document provides an overview of new features introduced in ECMAScript 6 (ES6), including arrow functions, constants and let declarations, template literals, classes, modules, promises, symbols, and more. It explains these features through examples and comparisons to ES5. Key points covered include arrow function syntax, block vs expression bodies, let and const block scoping, default parameters, destructuring, rest and spread operators, tagged template literals, class syntax and inheritance, module imports and exports, symbol use cases for unique keys and constants, and for...of loop iteration vs for...in enumeration.
Write a program that accepts an arithmetic expression of unsigned in.pdfJUSTSTYLISH3B2MOHALI
Write a program that accepts an arithmetic expression of unsigned integers in postfix notation
and builds the arithmetic expression tree that represents that expression. From that tree, the
corresponding fully parenthesized infix expression should be displayed and a file should be
generated that contains the three address format instructions. This topic is discussed in the week
4 reading in module 2, section II-B. The main class should create the GUI shown below:
Pressing the Construct Tree button should cause the tree to be constructed and using that tree, the
corresponding infix expression should be displayed and the three address instruction file should
be generated. The postfix expression input should not be required to have spaces between every
token. Note in the above example that 9+- are not separated by spaces. The above example
should produce the following output file containing the three address instructions:
Add R0 5 9
Sub R1 3
R0 Mul R2 2 3
Div R3 R1 R2
Inheritance should be used to define the arithmetic expression tree. At a minimum, it should
involve three classes: an abstract class for the tree nodes and two derived classes, one for
operand nodes and another for operator nodes. Other classes should be included as needed to
accomplish good object-oriented design. All instance data must be declared as private.
You may assume that the expression is syntactically correct with regard to the order of operators
and operands, but you should check for invalid tokens, such as characters that are not valid
operators or operands such as 2a, which are not valid integers. If an invalid token is detected a
RuntimeException should be thrown and caught by the main class and an appropriate error
message should be displayed. Three Adddress Generator Enter Postfix Expression 359 2 3
Construct Tree Infix Expression ((3-(5 9))/ (2* 3
Solution
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
struct TREE //Structure to represent a tree
{
char data;
struct TREE *right,*left,*root;
};
typedef TREE tree; /* Stack Using Linked List */
struct Stack //Structure to represent Stack
{
struct TREE *data;
struct Stack *next,*head,*top; //Pointers to next node,head and top
};
typedef struct Stack node;
node *Nw; //Global Variable to represent node
void initialize(node *&n)
{
n = new node;
n -> next = n -> head = n -> top = NULL;
}
void create(node *n)
{
Nw = new node; //Create a new node
Nw -> next = NULL; //Initialize next pointer field
if(n -> head == NULL) //if first node
{
n -> head = Nw; //Initialize head
n -> top = Nw; //Update top
}
}
void push(node *n,tree *ITEM)
{
node *temp = n -> head;
if(n -> head == NULL) //if First Item is Pushed to Stack
{
create(n); //Create a Node
n -> head -> data = ITEM; //Insert Item to head of List
n -> head = Nw;
return; //Exit from Function
}
create(n); //Create a new Node
Nw -> data = ITEM; //Insert Item
while(temp -> next != NULL)
temp = temp -> next; //Go to Last Node
temp -> next = Nw; //Point New node
n -> top = Nw; //Upda.
Function Programming in Scala.
A lot of my examples here comes from the book
Functional programming in Scala By Paul Chiusano and Rúnar Bjarnason, It is a good book, buy it.
MAINCPP include ltiostreamgt include ltstringgt u.pdfadityastores21
MAIN.CPP
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#include "bstree.h"
// Prints a single string, used by FSTree::inorder to print all
// values in the tree in correct order.
void print_string (string s) { cout << s << endl; }
// Prints a single string preceeded by a number of hyphens, used by
// BSTree::preorder to print a visual representation of the tree.
void print_string_depth (string s, int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
cout << '-';
cout << s << endl;
}
int main () {
// Create a binary search tree.
BSTree<string> t;
// Insert some strings for testing.
t.insert("dog");
t.insert("bird");
t.insert("cat");
t.insert("turtle");
t.insert("giraffe");
t.insert("snake");
t.insert("deer");
t.insert("groundhog");
t.insert("horse");
// Output the values stored in the tree.
cout << "Values stored in the tree are:n";
t.inorder(print_string);
cout << "n";
cout << "The structure of the tree is as follows:n";
t.preorder(print_string_depth);
cout << "n";
}
BSTREE.h
#pragma once
// A Binary Search Tree implementation.
template <typename T>
class BSTree {
private:
// A node in the tree. Each node has pointers to its left and right nodes
// as well as its parent. When a node is created, the parent and data item
// must be provided.
class node {
public:
T data;
node* left;
node* right;
node* parent;
node (const T& d, node* p) {
parent = p;
data = d;
left = right = nullptr;
}
};
// Pointer to the root node. Initially this is null for an empty tree.
node* root;
// Copy the subtree of another BSTree object into this object. Used by
// the copy constructor and assignment operator.
void copy (node* p) {
if (p) { // If p points to a node...
insert(p->data); // Insert data item
copy(p->left); // Copy the left subtree
copy(p->right); // Copy the right subtree
}
}
// Destroy a node and all nodes in both subtrees. Called by the
// destructor.
void destroy (node* p) {
if (p) { // If p is not null...
destroy(p->left); // Destroy the left subtree
destroy(p->right); // Destroy the right subtree
delete p; // Destroy the node
}
}
// Helper function to determine if a data value is contained in the tree.
// Takes the data value being searched and a pointer to the node in the
// tree. Returns pointer to node in which data item is found, a null
// pointer otherwise.
node* find (const T& d, node* p) const {
// Given: p is a pointer to an existing node
if (d == p->data) // Is this the value we're looking for?
return p;
if (d < p->data) // Check left side, if null then not found
return p->left ? find(d, p->left) : nullptr;
return p->right ? find(d, p->right) : nullptr; // Check right side...
}
// Helper function to insert a data item into the tree. Takes the data
// and a pointer to a node in the tree. Recursively decends down the tree
// until position were insertion should take place is found.
void insert (const T& d, node* p) {
// Given: p is a pointer to an existing node (root of a subtree)
if (d < p->data) { // Insert into left subtree?
if (p->left) // Left.
Functions in C allow programmers to package blocks of code that perform tasks. Functions make code reusable and easier to understand by separating code into modular units. A function has a name, list of arguments it takes, and code that is executed when the function is called. Functions can communicate between each other via parameters passed by value or by reference. Parameters passed by value are copied, so changes inside the function don't affect the original variable, while parameters passed by reference allow the function to modify the original variable. Functions can also call themselves recursively.
The document discusses C++ functions and classes. It provides examples of void and returning value functions, including a program to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius using a returning value function. It also discusses basics of classes, including defining a class with data members and member functions, and creating an object of that class to access its members.
Need for Speed: Removing speed bumps from your Symfony projects ⚡️Łukasz Chruściel
No one wants their application to drag like a car stuck in the slow lane! Yet it’s all too common to encounter bumpy, pothole-filled solutions that slow the speed of any application. Symfony apps are not an exception.
In this talk, I will take you for a spin around the performance racetrack. We’ll explore common pitfalls - those hidden potholes on your application that can cause unexpected slowdowns. Learn how to spot these performance bumps early, and more importantly, how to navigate around them to keep your application running at top speed.
We will focus in particular on tuning your engine at the application level, making the right adjustments to ensure that your system responds like a well-oiled, high-performance race car.
Scala is a multi-paradigm language that runs on the JVM and interoperates with Java code and libraries. It combines object-oriented and functional programming by allowing functions to be treated as objects and supports features like traits, pattern matching, and immutable data structures. The Scala compiler infers types and generates boilerplate code like getters/setters, making development more productive compared to Java. While Scala has a learning curve, it allows a more concise and scalable language for building applications.
This document discusses first-class functions and lambda calculus. It begins with an overview of Alonzo Church and the origins of lambda calculus. It then covers first-class functions in JavaScript, functions as objects in Java, and first-class functions in Scala. The document also discusses generic higher-order functions and control abstraction.
Templates allow functions and classes to work with different data types. Template classes define generic class definitions that can be used for multiple types, while template functions define generic functions. When a template is instantiated, actual code is generated for the specific types used. Exceptions provide a mechanism to handle runtime errors in C++ and are used by enclosing code that may throw exceptions in a try block and catching specific exceptions in catch blocks.
In C++Add the function min as an abstract function to the classar.pdffantoosh1
In C++:
Add the function min as an abstract function to the classarrayListTypeto return the smallest
element of the list.
Also, write the definition of the function min in the classunorderedArrayListTypeand write a
program to test this function.
arrayListType.h
#ifndef H_arrayListType
#define H_arrayListType
class arrayListType
{
public:
bool isEmpty() const;
//Function to determine whether the list is empty
//Postcondition: Returns true if the list is empty;
// otherwise, returns false.
bool isFull() const;
//Function to determine whether the list is full
//Postcondition: Returns true if the list is full;
// otherwise, returns false.
int listSize() const;
//Function to determine the number of elements in
//the list.
//Postcondition: Returns the value of length.
int maxListSize() const;
//Function to determine the maximum size of the list
//Postcondition: Returns the value of maxSize.
void print() const;
//Function to output the elements of the list
//Postcondition: Elements of the list are output on the
// standard output device.
bool isItemAtEqual(int location, int item) const;
//Function to determine whether item is the same as
//the item in the list at the position specified
//by location.
//Postcondition: Returns true if list[location]
// is the same as item; otherwise,
// returns false.
// If location is out of range, an
// appropriate message is displayed.
virtual void insertAt(int location, int insertItem) = 0;
//Function to insert insertItem in the list at the
//position specified by location.
//Note that this is an abstract function.
//Postcondition: Starting at location, the elements of
// the list are shifted down,
// list[location] = insertItem; length++;
// If the list is full or location is out of
// range, an appropriate message is displayed.
virtual void insertEnd(int insertItem) = 0;
//Function to insert insertItem at the end of
//the list. Note that this is an abstract function.
//Postcondition: list[length] = insertItem; and length++;
// If the list is full, an appropriate
// message is displayed.
void removeAt(int location);
//Function to remove the item from the list at the
//position specified by location
//Postcondition: The list element at list[location] is
// removed and length is decremented by 1.
// If location is out of range, an
// appropriate message is displayed.
void retrieveAt(int location, int& retItem) const;
//Function to retrieve the element from the list at the
//position specified by location
//Postcondition: retItem = list[location]
// If location is out of range, an
// appropriate message is displayed.
virtual void replaceAt(int location, int repItem) = 0;
//Function to replace the elements in the list
//at the position specified by location.
//Note that this is an abstract function.
//Postcondition: list[location] = repItem
// If location is out of range, an
// appropriate message is displayed.
void clearList();
//Function to remove all the elements from the list
//After this operation, the size of t.
This presentation considers certain specific features of C++11 and additions to STL library (uniform initialization, new containers and methods, move semantics).
Presentation by Taras Protsiv (Software Engineer, GlobalLogic), Kyiv, delivered at GlobalLogic C++ TechTalk in Lviv, September 18, 2014.
More details -
http://www.globallogic.com.ua/press-releases/lviv-cpp-techtalk-coverage
The document discusses pointers and memory management in C++. It explains that pointers store the address of a variable in memory and can be used to allocate and free dynamic memory using new and delete. New returns a pointer to the allocated memory, and for every new there must be a corresponding delete. Arrays allocated with new must be freed with delete[]. Classes can define destructors to clean up memory in the class. References are explained as aliases to existing variables, differing from pointers which store addresses. The document also discusses using header files to declare classes to be used across files.
Table.java Huffman code frequency tableimport java.io.;im.docxMARRY7
The document defines classes for building a Huffman coding tree from character frequencies in a file. It includes classes for a frequency table, priority queue, tree nodes, and the Huffman algorithm. The Huffman class constructs the tree from a file, inserts codewords, and can encode and decode a string using the tree. It outputs entropy and average code length metrics.
PROBLEM STATEMENTIn this assignment, you will complete DoubleEnde.pdfclimatecontrolsv
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
In this assignment, you will complete DoubleEndedList.java that implements the ListInterface as
well as an interface called DoubleEndedInterface which represents the list's entries by using a
chain of nodes that has both a head reference and a tail reference. Be sure to read through the
code and understand the implementation.
WHAT IS PROVIDED:
- A driver class to test your code. You should not modify this file!
- A list interface (ListInterface.java)
- A double ended interface (DoubleEndedInterface.java)
- An incomplete DoubleEndedList class (DoubleEndedList.java)
WHAT YOU NEED TO DO:
4. Complete the DoubleEndedList class
4. Run the driver and make sure your output is exactly the same as mine (at the bottom of
Driver.java)
\} // end else numberofEntries--; else throw new IndexOut0fBoundsException("Illegal position
given to remove operation."); return result; // Return removed entry }//endreturnreve public T
replace(int givenPosition, T newEntry) \{ T replace(int givenPosition, T newEntry) \{ if
((givenPosition >=1)&& (givenPosition <= numberOfEntries)) \{ // Assertion: The list is not
empty Node desiredNode = getNodeAt (givenPosition); ToriginalEntry = desiredNode.getData();
desiredNode.setData(newEntry); return originalEntry; f // end if else throw new
IndexOut0fBoundsException("Illegal position given to replace operation."); replace if ((
givenPosition >=1)&& (givenPosition <= number0fEntries)) \{ // Assertion: The list is not
empty Node desiredNode = getNodeAt ( givenPosition); T originalEntry = desiredNode.
getData( ); desiredNode.setData(newEntry); return originalentry; \} // end if throw new
Index0ut0fBoundsException("Illegal position given to replace operation."); \} // end replace
public T getEntry(int givenPosition) \{ if ((givenPosition >=1) \&\& (givenPosition < =
number0fEntries ) ) \{ // Assertion: The list is not empty return getNodeAt (givenPosition).
getData(); else // end if throw new IndexOut0fBoundsException("Illegal position given to
getEntry operation."); \} // end getEntry public boolean contains ( T anEntry) \{ boolean found =
false; Node currentNode = firstNode; while (!found && (currentNode != null)) \{ if
(anEntry.equals (currentNode.getData())) else found = true; \} // end while currentNode =
currentNode. getNextNode () ; return found; \} // end contains public int getLength() \{ return
numberofEntries; \} // end getLength public boolean isEmpty() \{ return number0fEntries ==0;
\} // end isEmpty public T[] toArray() \{ // The cast is safe because the new array contains null
entries aSuppressWarnings ("unchecked") T[] result =(T[]) new 0bject [numberofEntries]; //
Unchecked cast int index =0; Node currentNode = firstNode; while ((index < numberOfEntries)
\&\& (currentNode != null)) \& result [ index ]= currentNode. getData () ; currentNode =
currentNode.getNextNode ( ); index++; 3 // end while return result; 3 // end toArray // Returns a
reference to the node at a given position. // Precondition: L.
The document defines a template class called myList that implements a dynamic array-based list of common elements. The myList class contains public member functions for the constructor, destructor, printing elements, appending elements, checking if an element is in the list, inserting elements, sorting elements, and overloading operators. It also contains private member variables for tracking the length of the list and storing the elements in a dynamic array. The template class is defined in a header file called myList.hpp, which also provides documentation on creating a test program called testmyList.cpp to test the myList class.
Pointers allow programs to store and manipulate memory addresses. A pointer variable contains the address of another variable. Pointers are useful for passing data between functions, returning multiple values from functions, and dynamically allocating memory at runtime. Pointers can also be used to access elements of arrays indirectly and implement multidimensional arrays more efficiently. Pointer notation provides an alternative way to access array elements through pointer arithmetic rather than subscripts.
This document provides an overview of the Go programming language. It discusses that Go was initially developed at Google in 2007 and is now an open source language used by many companies. The document then covers Why Go is useful, including its memory management, concurrency support, and cross-platform capabilities. It also summarizes some of Go's basic syntax like packages, functions, variables, types, and control structures. Finally, it discusses some key Go concepts like methods, interfaces, channels, and the net/http package.
A class that automates conversion from a C++ recursive function to an iterative function. It allow the recursive function to preserve its structure by reproducing the "call stack" on an std::stack. The examples use combinatorics to illustrate usage.
This document provides an overview of new features introduced in ECMAScript 6 (ES6), including arrow functions, constants and let declarations, template literals, classes, modules, promises, symbols, and more. It explains these features through examples and comparisons to ES5. Key points covered include arrow function syntax, block vs expression bodies, let and const block scoping, default parameters, destructuring, rest and spread operators, tagged template literals, class syntax and inheritance, module imports and exports, symbol use cases for unique keys and constants, and for...of loop iteration vs for...in enumeration.
Write a program that accepts an arithmetic expression of unsigned in.pdfJUSTSTYLISH3B2MOHALI
Write a program that accepts an arithmetic expression of unsigned integers in postfix notation
and builds the arithmetic expression tree that represents that expression. From that tree, the
corresponding fully parenthesized infix expression should be displayed and a file should be
generated that contains the three address format instructions. This topic is discussed in the week
4 reading in module 2, section II-B. The main class should create the GUI shown below:
Pressing the Construct Tree button should cause the tree to be constructed and using that tree, the
corresponding infix expression should be displayed and the three address instruction file should
be generated. The postfix expression input should not be required to have spaces between every
token. Note in the above example that 9+- are not separated by spaces. The above example
should produce the following output file containing the three address instructions:
Add R0 5 9
Sub R1 3
R0 Mul R2 2 3
Div R3 R1 R2
Inheritance should be used to define the arithmetic expression tree. At a minimum, it should
involve three classes: an abstract class for the tree nodes and two derived classes, one for
operand nodes and another for operator nodes. Other classes should be included as needed to
accomplish good object-oriented design. All instance data must be declared as private.
You may assume that the expression is syntactically correct with regard to the order of operators
and operands, but you should check for invalid tokens, such as characters that are not valid
operators or operands such as 2a, which are not valid integers. If an invalid token is detected a
RuntimeException should be thrown and caught by the main class and an appropriate error
message should be displayed. Three Adddress Generator Enter Postfix Expression 359 2 3
Construct Tree Infix Expression ((3-(5 9))/ (2* 3
Solution
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
struct TREE //Structure to represent a tree
{
char data;
struct TREE *right,*left,*root;
};
typedef TREE tree; /* Stack Using Linked List */
struct Stack //Structure to represent Stack
{
struct TREE *data;
struct Stack *next,*head,*top; //Pointers to next node,head and top
};
typedef struct Stack node;
node *Nw; //Global Variable to represent node
void initialize(node *&n)
{
n = new node;
n -> next = n -> head = n -> top = NULL;
}
void create(node *n)
{
Nw = new node; //Create a new node
Nw -> next = NULL; //Initialize next pointer field
if(n -> head == NULL) //if first node
{
n -> head = Nw; //Initialize head
n -> top = Nw; //Update top
}
}
void push(node *n,tree *ITEM)
{
node *temp = n -> head;
if(n -> head == NULL) //if First Item is Pushed to Stack
{
create(n); //Create a Node
n -> head -> data = ITEM; //Insert Item to head of List
n -> head = Nw;
return; //Exit from Function
}
create(n); //Create a new Node
Nw -> data = ITEM; //Insert Item
while(temp -> next != NULL)
temp = temp -> next; //Go to Last Node
temp -> next = Nw; //Point New node
n -> top = Nw; //Upda.
Function Programming in Scala.
A lot of my examples here comes from the book
Functional programming in Scala By Paul Chiusano and Rúnar Bjarnason, It is a good book, buy it.
MAINCPP include ltiostreamgt include ltstringgt u.pdfadityastores21
MAIN.CPP
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
#include "bstree.h"
// Prints a single string, used by FSTree::inorder to print all
// values in the tree in correct order.
void print_string (string s) { cout << s << endl; }
// Prints a single string preceeded by a number of hyphens, used by
// BSTree::preorder to print a visual representation of the tree.
void print_string_depth (string s, int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
cout << '-';
cout << s << endl;
}
int main () {
// Create a binary search tree.
BSTree<string> t;
// Insert some strings for testing.
t.insert("dog");
t.insert("bird");
t.insert("cat");
t.insert("turtle");
t.insert("giraffe");
t.insert("snake");
t.insert("deer");
t.insert("groundhog");
t.insert("horse");
// Output the values stored in the tree.
cout << "Values stored in the tree are:n";
t.inorder(print_string);
cout << "n";
cout << "The structure of the tree is as follows:n";
t.preorder(print_string_depth);
cout << "n";
}
BSTREE.h
#pragma once
// A Binary Search Tree implementation.
template <typename T>
class BSTree {
private:
// A node in the tree. Each node has pointers to its left and right nodes
// as well as its parent. When a node is created, the parent and data item
// must be provided.
class node {
public:
T data;
node* left;
node* right;
node* parent;
node (const T& d, node* p) {
parent = p;
data = d;
left = right = nullptr;
}
};
// Pointer to the root node. Initially this is null for an empty tree.
node* root;
// Copy the subtree of another BSTree object into this object. Used by
// the copy constructor and assignment operator.
void copy (node* p) {
if (p) { // If p points to a node...
insert(p->data); // Insert data item
copy(p->left); // Copy the left subtree
copy(p->right); // Copy the right subtree
}
}
// Destroy a node and all nodes in both subtrees. Called by the
// destructor.
void destroy (node* p) {
if (p) { // If p is not null...
destroy(p->left); // Destroy the left subtree
destroy(p->right); // Destroy the right subtree
delete p; // Destroy the node
}
}
// Helper function to determine if a data value is contained in the tree.
// Takes the data value being searched and a pointer to the node in the
// tree. Returns pointer to node in which data item is found, a null
// pointer otherwise.
node* find (const T& d, node* p) const {
// Given: p is a pointer to an existing node
if (d == p->data) // Is this the value we're looking for?
return p;
if (d < p->data) // Check left side, if null then not found
return p->left ? find(d, p->left) : nullptr;
return p->right ? find(d, p->right) : nullptr; // Check right side...
}
// Helper function to insert a data item into the tree. Takes the data
// and a pointer to a node in the tree. Recursively decends down the tree
// until position were insertion should take place is found.
void insert (const T& d, node* p) {
// Given: p is a pointer to an existing node (root of a subtree)
if (d < p->data) { // Insert into left subtree?
if (p->left) // Left.
Functions in C allow programmers to package blocks of code that perform tasks. Functions make code reusable and easier to understand by separating code into modular units. A function has a name, list of arguments it takes, and code that is executed when the function is called. Functions can communicate between each other via parameters passed by value or by reference. Parameters passed by value are copied, so changes inside the function don't affect the original variable, while parameters passed by reference allow the function to modify the original variable. Functions can also call themselves recursively.
The document discusses C++ functions and classes. It provides examples of void and returning value functions, including a program to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius using a returning value function. It also discusses basics of classes, including defining a class with data members and member functions, and creating an object of that class to access its members.
Need for Speed: Removing speed bumps from your Symfony projects ⚡️Łukasz Chruściel
No one wants their application to drag like a car stuck in the slow lane! Yet it’s all too common to encounter bumpy, pothole-filled solutions that slow the speed of any application. Symfony apps are not an exception.
In this talk, I will take you for a spin around the performance racetrack. We’ll explore common pitfalls - those hidden potholes on your application that can cause unexpected slowdowns. Learn how to spot these performance bumps early, and more importantly, how to navigate around them to keep your application running at top speed.
We will focus in particular on tuning your engine at the application level, making the right adjustments to ensure that your system responds like a well-oiled, high-performance race car.
Top Features to Include in Your Winzo Clone App for Business Growth (4).pptxrickgrimesss22
Discover the essential features to incorporate in your Winzo clone app to boost business growth, enhance user engagement, and drive revenue. Learn how to create a compelling gaming experience that stands out in the competitive market.
Neo4j - Product Vision and Knowledge Graphs - GraphSummit ParisNeo4j
Dr. Jesús Barrasa, Head of Solutions Architecture for EMEA, Neo4j
Découvrez les dernières innovations de Neo4j, et notamment les dernières intégrations cloud et les améliorations produits qui font de Neo4j un choix essentiel pour les développeurs qui créent des applications avec des données interconnectées et de l’IA générative.
Software Engineering, Software Consulting, Tech Lead, Spring Boot, Spring Cloud, Spring Core, Spring JDBC, Spring Transaction, Spring MVC, OpenShift Cloud Platform, Kafka, REST, SOAP, LLD & HLD.
E-commerce Development Services- Hornet DynamicsHornet Dynamics
For any business hoping to succeed in the digital age, having a strong online presence is crucial. We offer Ecommerce Development Services that are customized according to your business requirements and client preferences, enabling you to create a dynamic, safe, and user-friendly online store.
Flutter is a popular open source, cross-platform framework developed by Google. In this webinar we'll explore Flutter and its architecture, delve into the Flutter Embedder and Flutter’s Dart language, discover how to leverage Flutter for embedded device development, learn about Automotive Grade Linux (AGL) and its consortium and understand the rationale behind AGL's choice of Flutter for next-gen IVI systems. Don’t miss this opportunity to discover whether Flutter is right for your project.
Odoo ERP software
Odoo ERP software, a leading open-source software for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and business management, has recently launched its latest version, Odoo 17 Community Edition. This update introduces a range of new features and enhancements designed to streamline business operations and support growth.
The Odoo Community serves as a cost-free edition within the Odoo suite of ERP systems. Tailored to accommodate the standard needs of business operations, it provides a robust platform suitable for organisations of different sizes and business sectors. Within the Odoo Community Edition, users can access a variety of essential features and services essential for managing day-to-day tasks efficiently.
This blog presents a detailed overview of the features available within the Odoo 17 Community edition, and the differences between Odoo 17 community and enterprise editions, aiming to equip you with the necessary information to make an informed decision about its suitability for your business.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
OpenMetadata Community Meeting - 5th June 2024OpenMetadata
The OpenMetadata Community Meeting was held on June 5th, 2024. In this meeting, we discussed about the data quality capabilities that are integrated with the Incident Manager, providing a complete solution to handle your data observability needs. Watch the end-to-end demo of the data quality features.
* How to run your own data quality framework
* What is the performance impact of running data quality frameworks
* How to run the test cases in your own ETL pipelines
* How the Incident Manager is integrated
* Get notified with alerts when test cases fail
Watch the meeting recording here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbNOje0kf6E
A Study of Variable-Role-based Feature Enrichment in Neural Models of CodeAftab Hussain
Understanding variable roles in code has been found to be helpful by students
in learning programming -- could variable roles help deep neural models in
performing coding tasks? We do an exploratory study.
- These are slides of the talk given at InteNSE'23: The 1st International Workshop on Interpretability and Robustness in Neural Software Engineering, co-located with the 45th International Conference on Software Engineering, ICSE 2023, Melbourne Australia
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May Marketo Masterclass, London MUG May 22 2024.pdfAdele Miller
Can't make Adobe Summit in Vegas? No sweat because the EMEA Marketo Engage Champions are coming to London to share their Summit sessions, insights and more!
This is a MUG with a twist you don't want to miss.
Oracle Database 19c New Features for DBAs and Developers.pptx
C++ QUICK REFERENCE.pdf
1. C++ QUICK REFERENCE
PREPROCESSOR
// Comment to end of line
/* Multi-line comment */
#include <stdio.h> // Insert standard header file
#include "myfile.h" // Insert file in current directory
#define X some text // Replace X with some text
#define F(a,b) a+b // Replace F(1,2) with 1+2
#define X
some text // Line continuation
#undef X // Remove definition
#if defined(X) // Condional compilation (#ifdef X)
#else // Optional (#ifndef X or #if !defined(X))
#endif // Required after #if, #ifdef
LITERALS
255, 0377, 0xff // Integers (decimal, octal, hex)
2147483647L, 0x7fffffffl // Long (32-bit) integers
123.0, 1.23e2 // double (real) numbers
'a', '141', 'x61' // Character (literal, octal, hex)
'n', '', ''', '"' // Newline, backslash, single quote, double
quote
"stringn" // Array of characters ending with newline and
0
"hello" "world" // Concatenated strings
true, false // bool constants 1 and 0
DECLARATIONS
int x; // Declare x to be an integer (value undefined)
int x=255; // Declare and initialize x to 255
short s; long l; // Usually 16 or 32 bit integer (int may be
either)
char c='a'; // Usually 8 bit character
unsigned char u=255; signed char s=-1; // char might be either
unsigned long x=0xffffffffL; // short, int, long are signed
float f; double d; // Single or double precision real (never
unsigned)
bool b=true; // true or false, may also use int (1 or 0)
int a, b, c; // Multiple declarations
int a[10]; // Array of 10 ints (a[0] through a[9])
int a[]={0,1,2}; // Initialized array (or a[3]={0,1,2}; )
int a[2][3]={{1,2,3},{4,5,6}}; // Array of array of ints
char s[]="hello"; // String (6 elements including '0')
int* p; // p is a pointer to (address of) int
char* s="hello"; // s points to unnamed array containing "hello"
void* p=NULL; // Address of untyped memory (NULL is 0)
int& r=x; // r is a reference to (alias of) int x
enum weekend {SAT,SUN}; // weekend is a type with values SAT and SUN
enum weekend day; // day is a variable of type weekend
enum weekend {SAT=0,SUN=1}; // Explicit representation as int
enum {SAT,SUN} day; // Anonymous enum
typedef String char*; // String s; means char* s;
const int c=3; // Constants must be initialized, cannot assign
to
const int* p=a; // Contents of p (elements of a) are constant
int* const p=a; // p (but not contents) are constant
const int* const p=a; // Both p and its contents are constant
const int& cr=x; // cr cannot be assigned to change x
STORAGE CLASSES
int x; // Auto (memory exists only while in scope)
static int x; // Global lifetime even if local scope
extern int x; // Information only, declared elsewhere
STATEMENTS
x=y; // Every expression is a statement
int x; // Declarations are statements
; // Empty statement
{ // A block is a single statement
int x; // Scope of x is from declaration to end of
block
a; // In C, declarations must precede statements
}
if (x) a; // If x is true (not 0), evaluate a
else if (y) b; // If not x and y (optional, may be repeated)
else c; // If not x and not y (optional)
while (x) a; // Repeat 0 or more times while x is true
for (x; y; z) a; // Equivalent to: x; while(y) {a; z;}
do a; while (x); // Equivalent to: a; while(x) a;
switch (x) { // x must be int
case X1: a; // If x == X1 (must be a const), jump here
case X2: b; // Else if x == X2, jump here
default: c; // Else jump here (optional)
}
break; // Jump out of while, do, or for loop, or switch
continue; // Jump to bottom of while, do, or for loop
return x; // Return x from function to caller
try { a; }
catch (T t) { b; } // If a throws a T, then jump here
catch (...) { c; } // If a throws something else, jump here
FUNCTIONS
int f(int x, int); // f is a function taking 2 ints and returning
int
void f(); // f is a procedure taking no arguments
void f(int a=0); // f() is equivalent to f(0)
f(); // Default return type is int
inline f(); // Optimize for speed
f() { statements; } // Function definition (must be global)
T operator+(T x, T y); // a+b (if type T) calls operator+(a, b)
T operator-(T x); // -a calls function operator-(a)
T operator++(int); // postfix ++ or -- (parameter ignored)
extern "C" {void f();} // f() was compiled in C
2. Function parametersand return values may be of any type. A function must either be declared or defined before
it is used. It may be declared first and defined later. Every program consists of a set of a set of global variable
declarations and a set of function definitions (possibly in separate files), one of which must be:
int main() { statements... } or
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { statements... }
argv is an array of argc strings from the command line. By convention, main returns status 0 if successful, 1 or
higher for errors.
Functions with different parameters may have the same name (overloading). Operators except :: . .* ?: may be
overloaded. Precedence order is not affected. New operators may not be created.
EXPRESSIONS
Operators are grouped by precedence, highest first. Unary operators and assignment evaluate right to left. All
others are left to right. Precedence does not affect order of evaluation, which is undefined. There are no run time
checks for arrays out of bounds, invalid pointers, etc.
T::X // Name X defined in class T
N::X // Name X defined in namespace N
::X // Global name X
t.x // Member x of struct or class t
p->x // Member x of struct or class pointed to by p
a[i] // i'th element of array a
f(x,y) // Call to function f with arguments x and y
T(x,y) // Object of class T initialized with x and y
x++ // Add 1 to x, evaluates to original x (postfix)
x-- // Subtract 1 from x, evaluates to original x
typeid(x) // Type of x
typeid(T) // Equals typeid(x) if x is a T
dynamic_cast<T>(x) // Converts x to a T, checked at run time
static_cast<T>(x) // Converts x to a T, not checked
reinterpret_cast<T>(x) // Interpret bits of x as a T
const_cast<T>(x) // Converts x to same type T but not const
sizeof x // Number of bytes used to represent object x
sizeof(T) // Number of bytes to represent type T
++x // Add 1 to x, evaluates to new value (prefix)
--x // Subtract 1 from x, evaluates to new value
~x // Bitwise complement of x
!x // true if x is 0, else false (1 or 0 in C)
-x // Unary minus
+x // Unary plus (default)
&x // Address of x
*p // Contents of address p (*&x equals x)
new T // Address of newly allocated T object
new T(x, y) // Address of a T initialized with x, y
new T[x] // Address of allocated n-element array of T
delete p // Destroy and free object at address p
delete[] p // Destroy and free array of objects at p
(T) x // Convert x to T (obsolete, use .._cast<T>(x))
x * y // Multiply
x / y // Divide (integers round toward 0)
x % y // Modulo (result has sign of x)
x + y // Add, or &x[y]
x - y // Subtract, or number of elements from *x to *y
x << y // x shifted y bits to left (x * pow(2, y))
x >> y // x shifted y bits to right (x / pow(2, y))
x < y // Less than
x <= y // Less than or equal to
x > y // Greater than
x >= y // Greater than or equal to
x == y // Equals
x != y // Not equals
x & y // Bitwise and (3 & 6 is 2)
x ^ y // Bitwise exclusive or (3 ^ 6 is 5)
x | y // Bitwise or (3 | 6 is 7)
x && y // x and then y (evaluates y only if x (not 0))
x || y // x or else y (evaluates y only if x is false
(0))
x = y // Assign y to x, returns new value of x
x += y // x = x + y, also -= *= /= <<= >>= &= |= ^=
x ? y : z // y if x is true (nonzero), else z
throw x // Throw exception, aborts if not caught
x , y // evaluates x and y, returns y (seldom used)
CLASSES
class T { // A new type
private: // Section accessible only to T's member
functions
protected: // Also accessable to classes derived from T
public: // Accessable to all
int x; // Member data
void f(); // Member function
void g() {return;} // Inline member function
void h() const; // Does not modify any data members
int operator+(int y); // t+y means t.operator+(y)
int operator-(); // -t means t.operator-()
T(): x(1) {} // Constructor with initialization list
T(const T& t): x(t.x) {} // Copy constructor
T& operator=(const T& t) {x=t.x; return *this; } // Assignment operator
~T(); // Destructor (automatic cleanup routine)
explicit T(int a); // Allow t=T(3) but not t=3
operator int() const {return x;} // Allows int(t)
friend void i(); // Global function i() has private access
friend class U; // Members of class U have private access
static int y; // Data shared by all T objects
static void l(); // Shared code. May access y but not x
class Z {}; // Nested class T::Z
typedef int V; // T::V means int
};
void T::f() { // Code for member function f of class T
this->x = x;} // this is address of self (means x=x;)
int T::y = 2; // Initialization of static member (required)
T::l(); // Call to static member
3. struct T { // Equivalent to: class T { public:
virtual void f(); // May be overridden at run time by derived
class
virtual void g()=0; }; // Must be overridden (pure virtual)
class U: public T {}; // Derived class U inherits all members of base
T
class V: private T {}; // Inherited members of T become private
class W: public T, public U {}; // Multiple inheritance
class X: public virtual T {}; // Classes derived from X have base T
directly
All classes have a default copy constructor, assignment operator, and destructor, which perform the
corresponding operations on each data member and each base class as shown above. There is also a default no-
argument constructor (required to create arrays) if the class has no constructors. Constructors, assignment, and
destructors do not inherit.
TEMPLATES
template <class T> T f(T t); // Overload f for all types
template <class T> class X { // Class with type parameter T
X(T t); }; // A constructor
template <class T> X<T>::X(T t) {} // Definition of constructor
X<int> x(3); // An object of type "X of int"
template <class T, class U=T, int n=0> // Template with default
parameters
NAMESPACES
namespace N {class T {};} // Hide name T
N::T t; // Use name T in namespace N
using namespace N; // Make T visible without N::
C/C++ STANDARD LIBRARY
Only the most commonly used functions are listed. Header files without .h are in namespace std. File names are
actually lower case.
STDIO.H, CSTDIO (Input/output)
FILE* f=fopen("filename", "r"); // Open for reading, NULL (0) if error
// Mode may also be "w" (write) "a" append, "a+" update, "rb" binary
fclose(f); // Close file f
fprintf(f, "x=%d", 3); // Print "x=3" Other conversions:
"%5d %u %-8ld" // int width 5, unsigned int, long left just.
"%o %x %X %lx" // octal, hex, HEX, long hex
"%f %5.1f" // float or double: 123.000000, 123.0
"%e %g" // 1.23e2, use either f or g
"%c %s" // char, char*
"%%" // %
sprintf(s, "x=%d", 3); // Print to array of char s
printf("x=%d”, 3); // Print to stdout (screen unless redirected)
fprintf(stderr, ... // Print to standard error (not redirected)
getc(f); // Read one char (as an int) or EOF from f
ungetc(c, f); // Put back one c to f
getchar(); // getc(stdin);
putc(c, f) // fprintf(f, "%c", c);
putchar(c); // putc(c, stdout);
fgets(s, n, f); // Read line into char s[n] from f. NULL if EOF
gets(s) // fgets(s, INT_MAX, f); no bounds check
fread(s, n, 1, f); // Read n bytes from f to s, return number read
fwrite(s, n, 1, f); // Write n bytes of s to f, return number
written
fflush(f); // Force buffered writes to f
fseek(f, n, SEEK_SET); // Position binary file f at n
ftell(f); // Position in f, -1L if error
rewind(f); // fseek(f, 0L, SEEK_SET); clearerr(f);
feof(f); // Is f at end of file?
ferror(f); // Error in f?
perror(s); // Print char* s and error message
clearerr(f); // Clear error code for f
remove("filename"); // Delete file, return 0 if OK
rename("old", "new"); // Rename file, return 0 if OK
f = tmpfile(); // Create temporary file in mode "wb+"
tmpnam(s); // Put a unique file name in char s[L_tmpnam]
STDLIB.H, CSTDLIB (Misc. functions)
atof(s); atol(s); atoi(s);// Convert char* s to float, long, int
rand(), srand(seed); // Random int 0 to RAND_MAX, reset rand()
void* p = malloc(n); // Allocate n bytes. Obsolete: use new
free(p); // Free memory. Obsolete: use delete
exit(n); // Kill program, return status n
system(s); // Execute OS command s (system dependent)
getenv("PATH"); // Environment variable or 0 (system dependent)
abs(n); labs(ln); // Absolute value as int, long
STRING.H, CSTRING (Character array handling functions)
Strings are type char[] with a '0' in the last element used.
strcpy(dst, src); // Copy string. Not bounds checked
strcat(dst, src); // Concatenate to dst. Not bounds checked
strcmp(s1, s2); // Compare, <0 if s1<s2, 0 if s1==s2, >0 if
s1>s2
strncpy(dst, src, n); // Copy up to n chars, also strncat(), strncmp()
strlen(s); // Length of s not counting 0
strchr(s,c); strrchr(s,c);// Address of first/last char c in s or 0
strstr(s, sub); // Address of first substring in s or 0
// mem... functions are for any pointer types (void*), length n bytes
memmove(dst, src, n); // Copy n bytes from src to dst
memcmp(s1, s2, n); // Compare n bytes as in strcmp
memchr(s, c, n); // Find first byte c in s, return address or 0
memset(s, c, n); // Set n bytes of s to c
CTYPE.H, CCTYPE (Character types)
isalnum(c); // Is c a letter or digit?
isalpha(c); isdigit(c); // Is c a letter? Digit?
islower(c); isupper(c); // Is c lower case? Upper case?
tolower(c); toupper(c); // Convert c to lower/upper case
MATH.H, CMATH (Floating point math)
sin(x); cos(x); tan(x); // Trig functions, x (double) is in radians
4. asin(x); acos(x); atan(x);// Inverses
atan2(y, x); // atan(y/x)
sinh(x); cosh(x); tanh(x);// Hyperbolic
exp(x); log(x); log10(x); // e to the x, log base e, log base 10
pow(x, y); sqrt(x); // x to the y, square root
ceil(x); floor(x); // Round up or down (as a double)
fabs(x); fmod(x, y); // Absolute value, x mod y
TIME.H, CTIME (Clock)
clock()/CLOCKS_PER_SEC; // Time in seconds since program started
time_t t=time(0); // Absolute time in seconds or -1 if unknown
tm* p=gmtime(&t); // 0 if UCT unavailable, else p->tm_X where X
is:
sec, min, hour, mday, mon (0-11), year (-1900), wday, yday, isdst
asctime(p); // "Day Mon dd hh:mm:ss yyyyn"
asctime(localtime(&t)); // Same format, local time
ASSERT.H, CASSERT (Debugging aid)
assert(e); // If e is false, print message and abort
#define NDEBUG // (before #include <assert.h>), turn off assert
NEW.H, NEW (Out of memory handler)
set_new_handler(handler); // Change behavior when out of memory
void handler(void) {throw bad_alloc();} // Default
IOSTREAM.H, IOSTREAM (Replaces stdio.h)
cin >> x >> y; // Read words x and y (any type) from stdin
cout << "x=" << 3 << endl; // Write line to stdout
cerr << x << y << flush; // Write to stderr and flush
c = cin.get(); // c = getchar();
cin.get(c); // Read char
cin.getline(s, n, 'n'); // Read line into char s[n] to 'n' (default)
if (cin) // Good state (not EOF)?
// To read/write any type T:
istream& operator>>(istream& i, T& x) {i >> ...; x=...; return i;}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const T& x) {return o << ...;}
FSTREAM.H, FSTREAM (File I/O works like cin, cout as above)
ifstream f1("filename"); // Open text file for reading
if (f1) // Test if open and input available
f1 >> x; // Read object from file
f1.get(s); // Read char or line
f1.getline(s, n); // Read line into string s[n]
ofstream f2("filename"); // Open file for writing
if (f2) f2 << x; // Write to file
IOMANIP.H, IOMANIP (Output formatting)
cout << setw(6) << setprecision(2) << setfill('0') << 3.1; // print
"003.10"
STRING (Variable sized character array)
string s1, s2="hello"; // Create strings
s1.size(), s2.size(); // Number of characters: 0, 5
s1 += s2 + ' ' + "world"; // Concatenation
s1 == "hello world" // Comparison, also <, >, !=, etc.
s1[0]; // 'h'
s1.substr(m, n); // Substring of size n starting at s1[m]
s1.c_str(); // Convert to const char*
getline(cin, s); // Read line ending in 'n'
VECTOR (Variable sized array/stack with built in memory allocation)
vector<int> a(10); // a[0]..a[9] are int (default size is 0)
a.size(); // Number of elements (10)
a.push_back(3); // Increase size to 11, a[10]=3
a.back()=4; // a[10]=4;
a.pop_back(); // Decrease size by 1
a.front(); // a[0];
a[20]=1; // Crash: not bounds checked
a.at(20)=1; // Like a[20] but throws out_of_range()
for (vector<int>::iterator p=a.begin(); p!=a.end(); ++p)
*p=0; // Set all elements of a to 0
vector<int> b(a.begin(), a.end()); // b is copy of a
vector<T> c(n, x); // c[0]..c[n-1] init to x
T d[10]; vector<T> e(d, d+10); // e is initialized from d
DEQUE (array/stack/queue)
deque<T> is like vector<T>, but also supports:
a.push_front(x); // Puts x at a[0], shifts elements toward back
a.pop_front(); // Removes a[0], shifts toward front
UTILITY (Pair)
pair<string, int> a("hello", 3); // A 2-element struct
a.first; // "hello"
a.second; // 3
MAP (associative array)
map<string, int> a; // Map from string to int
a["hello"]=3; // Add or replace element a["hello"]
for (map<string, int>::iterator p=a.begin(); p!=a.end(); ++p)
cout << (*p).first << (*p).second; // Prints hello, 3
a.size(); // 1
ALGORITHM (A collection of 60 algorithms on sequences with iterators)
min(x, y); max(x, y); // Smaller/larger of x, y (any type defining <)
swap(x, y); // Exchange values of variables x and y
sort(a, a+n); // Sort array a[0]..a[n-1] by <
sort(a.begin(), a.end()); // Sort vector or deque