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1. B.TECH. IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SESSION :- 2019-20
TOPIC :- Nano – Species Grafting on Carbon Fiber
SUBMITTED TO :-
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Invertis University, Bareilly
SUBMITTED BY :-
Mohd. Imran
Mohd. Faizan
Mohd. Hisam

2.  CERTIFICATE
 ACKNOELEDGEMENT
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 PROPERTIES OF CARBON FIBER
 METHOD OF CARBON FIBER
 MECHNANICALPROPERTIES OF CARBON FIBER
 ANALYSIS OF CARBON FIBER
 FABRICATION PROCEDURE
 PERFORMANCE OF CNT GRAFTED CFRPC
 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CFRPC
 MESHING OF CARBON FIBER
 CONCLUSION
CONTENT

3. This is certified that MOHD. IMRAN (1750309051)
MOHD. FAIZAN (1750309029) MOHD. HISAM (1750309050)
has carried out the experimental and stimulation work presented in
the thesis entitled “USE OF NANO SPECIES GRAFTING ON
CARBON FIBER ” for the award of B-TECH. in Mechanical
Engineering from Invertis University, Bareilly under our
supervision. The thesis embodies results of original work, and
studies are carried out by the students themselves and the contents
of the project do not form the basis for the award of any other
degree of the candidate or to anybody else from this or any other
university.
Mr. Ajitanshu Mishra
(Prof. Mechanical Engineering)
CERTIFICATE

4. We deemed to a great pleasure and opportunity to dedicate the following few
lines to some persons who enabled us to complete the thesis work. We express our
deep sense of gratitude to our Prof. Ajitanshu Mishra ( Professor & Head of
Mechanical Engineering Department) for their co-operative attitude that enabled
us in bringing up this project. It has been a great experience to work under them.
Last but not the least, we would like to express sincere gratitude to our parents &
well-wisher for their motivation and helpful suggestion for completion of this
project work.
Mohd. Imran
Mohd. Faizan
Mohd. Hisam
B.tech (Mechanical Engineering)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

5. The interfacial strength, vibrations attenuation and delamination resistance of
carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPCs) can be significantly
improved by introducing different nano-species (nanotube/ nanorods/
nanowalls/ nanowires) on the carbon fiber (CF) surface. A review on the
performance of carbon nano tubes (CNTs), zinc oxide (ZnO) nano walls,
nano wires, and other nano-species, modified CFRPCs is presented. The
approaches to optimize the size and maximize the density of nano tubes and
nano rods on the CF surface based on the available literature data are
discussed. It could be concluded based on the discussion that the dense-thin
long- fibers produce better mechanical performance and in addition to
improving interfacial strength, nano tubes/ rods share the load with fibers and
improve the toughness of CFRPC. The finite element (FE) model is
constituted for observing the stresses at CNT, CF, and interface of CF/CNT
during tensile loading. A FE model analyzing variation in mechanical
properties of CF due to possible defects is reviewed. The analysis of data
revealed underutilization of the strength of CNTs in CFRPC. Later, a
discussion on the fractography of CFRPCs with nano species/ other
treatments along with some original FE results required for discussion is
presented.
ABSTRACT

6. The excellent specific strength and stiffness, low thermal
expansion, high modulus, high wear resistance, resistance to
corrosion, and ability to withstand load at as high temperature
as 3000 °C in inert atmosphere make CF suitable for advanced
engineering material used in aerospace, transportation,
actuators, sensors, fuel cells, radar-absorbing material, wind
turbine blades, electromagnetic interference shielding and
expensive sporting goods.
INTRODUCTION

7. The properties of CF may vary and depend on melt spinning time /
optimum oxidation during manufacturing. Insufficient / irregular / excessive
oxidation time during the manufacturing of CFs results in poor mechanical
properties. The crystallinity of the CF defines their mechanical properties,
excessive oxidation time forms unstable chemical bonding and an
insufficient/irregular oxidation results under potential mechanical
properties.
Additionally, poor temperature uniformity and irregular thermal treatment
time during the manufacturing of CF also limit its capabilities . The
capability of CFRPC depends on interface facilitating the stress transfer
between the weak matrix to the strong fibers. The toughness improves
when there is relatively weak interfacial bonding, high stiffness and
strength can be achieved if the bonding between matrix and fiber is
strong. The efforts to modify the CF surface during the manufacturing of
CFs for better interfacial bonding with the polymer matrix are still
unexplored in the cited literature (except by sizing).
PROPERTIES OF CARBON FIBER

8. METHOD OF CARBON FIBER

9. MECHNANICALPROPERTIES OF
CARBON FIBER

10. ANALYSIS OF CARBON FIBER

11. FABRICATION PROCEDURE

12. PERFORMANCE OF CNT GRAFTED
CFRPC
The CNT may be grafted directly on fibers [59–62] and by chemically reacting
the modified fibers and CNTs [63]. The catalytic chemical vapor deposition
(CCVD) was reported as an efficient way of grafting CNTs on CF [64–66]. Fig. 2
demonstrates the CF analysis prior to and after the growth of CNT and after
infusion into the final composite which reflects the modification of the CF by the
growth of CNTs. The mechanical properties of carbon nanotube polymer
composites are reviewed in [68]. Guo et al. [70] grafted nanotubes using
ultrasonically-assisted electrophoretic deposition
Moaseri et al. [71] have used electrophoretic deposition followed by pyrolysis for
grafting CNTs on CF surface and by amino functionalization and alternating
electric field alignment 72]. Song et al. [73] performed radial grafting of CNTs on
CFs using simple chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The commonly used
polymer matrices in CFRPCs are poly-ether ether ketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI),
poly-propylene (PP), and poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) etc. In general,
composites with PEEK matrix have resulted in superior Young’s modulus and
tensile strength in comparison to composites with other polymer matrices.

13. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
CFRPC

14. MESHING OF CARBON FIBER

15. CONCLUSION
The applications of CFRPCs are exponentially increasing for the engineering
applications. Thus, the extensive efforts to improve weaker interfacial bonding have
been devoted by many researchers. Conseqently, different methods of fiber surface
treatments have been evolved. The introduction of different nano-species such as
nanotubes, nanowalls, nanorods and nanowires or various coatings or introduction of
micro-, nano- roughning using ultrafast laser processing leading to enhanced
mechanical anchoring have shown promising results. A method that has produced the
dense-thin-long-fibers lead to better mechanical performance of CFRPCs. It can be
safely concluded that the strength of CNTs is still under-utilized while they are grafted
on CF for CFRPCs. The multi-scale FE models proved to be an efficient way to predict
the performance of the CFRPCs. It can be concluded from the FE model that if stresses
at the junction of CNT/CF surface are higher than those along the CNT then, the CNT is
prone to fracture from junction where any defect is present. The FE model can be
effectively used to predict the effect of CNT type and CNT defect on mechanical
properties and the fractography of CFRPCs. Additionally, FE model has effectively
predicted the stress distribution when CF surface is modified using glass powder. The
commonly used methods for fiber surface tretment have been reviewed in this paper in
terms of their effectiveness and the underlying micro mechanisms of fracture as
evidenced from fractographic study. Thereby it provides a better insight of the actual
mechanisms responsible for the formation, propagation of a crack leading to fracture
and thus enables to pinpoint the main cause of failure of composites.