This document outlines the regulations and course structure for a Bachelor of Science in Zoology degree. It includes information on:
1. Eligibility requirements to enroll, including having passed the Higher Secondary Examination conducted by the Government of Tamil Nadu.
2. Requirements to earn the degree, including undergoing 3 years of prescribed study and passing all examinations.
3. The course of study will consist of foundation courses, core courses in major and allied subjects, and application-oriented courses across 3 academic years.
4. Examination schemes and patterns, classification of successful candidates, and requirements to progress to subsequent years are defined.
1. The document outlines the syllabus for an undergraduate B.Sc. Zoology program, including course objectives, structure, and descriptions of individual courses over six semesters.
2. The program covers topics such as the diversity of invertebrate and vertebrate animals, cell biology, genetics, physiology, ecology, and applied areas like biotechnology.
3. Courses involve both theory and practical components, with the later semesters focusing more on advanced topics and including projects.
This document provides an introduction and syllabus for a course on Animal Diversity of Chordates. The course covers the classification and characteristics of protochordates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It also covers comparative anatomy of key systems like the integumentary system, circulatory system, sensory receptors, and urinogenital system. The course aims to familiarize students with vertebrate classification up to the class level and the basic life processes of chordates, while also introducing key anatomical systems and comparative anatomy of higher vertebrates. The syllabus is divided into 4 units covering urochordates, cephalochordates, cyclostomes, fish, amphibians, rept
The document summarizes the Intel Philippine Science Fair (IPSF), which includes two affiliated fairs conducted simultaneously based on divisions of life sciences and physical/applied sciences. Projects are classified according to specific fields of study within each division. The life sciences fair includes areas like botany, zoology, microbiology, and biomedicine. The physical/applied sciences fair covers fields such as chemistry, physics, mathematics, engineering, and earth/space sciences. Projects can be completed individually or in teams of up to three students, and are categorized based on whether the entrant is a regular high school or specialized science high school student.
This document outlines the scheme of examination and syllabus for the M.Sc. Microbiology program over four semesters. It details the course structure including theory and lab courses, examination scheme, and syllabus for each semester. The program covers core areas of microbiology like cell biology, biomolecules, genetics, immunology, instrumentation techniques, and specialization areas like biotechnology, environmental microbiology, and food microbiology. Students have the option to undertake a research project and dissertation in the fourth semester in lieu of some theory papers. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the M.Sc. Microbiology curriculum and assessment.
This document provides information on the Anatomy course offered at the University of Zambia School of Medicine. It includes details on:
- The course code, prerequisites, coordinator, hours, and description which provides an overview of anatomy and how it will be covered.
- The objectives of the course which are to develop knowledge of anatomical structures and their functions, as well as disordered structures.
- The textbook references and assessment breakdown which includes tests, assignments, and laboratory reports.
- An outline of the course content organized into units covering topics like histology, embryology, gross anatomy, neuroscience and the disorders associated with each.
- Information on teaching methods, attendance policy, examinations and
This document provides a syllabus for an undergraduate zoology course following the Choice Based Credit System. It outlines the structure of the course over six semesters, including required and elective courses. Core courses cover topics like non-chordates, ecology, cell biology, physiology, genetics and developmental biology. Practical sessions complement the theoretical coursework. The syllabus specifies course credits, teaching hours, evaluation methods and textbooks for each paper.
This document provides a syllabus for a B.Sc. in Botany program implemented from the 2011-12 academic year at Goa University in India. It includes:
1. An overview of the program's purpose to equip students to appreciate plant diversity, understand their ecological and economic roles, and manipulate plants through techniques like genetic engineering.
2. Details of the program structure including 16 papers over 6 semesters and requirements for project work and field work.
3. Descriptions of the individual papers covering topics like plant classification, cell biology, plant physiology, and economic botany.
4. Suggested readings and laboratory exercises to accompany the papers.
The syllabus provides a comprehensive
1. The document outlines the syllabus for an undergraduate B.Sc. Zoology program, including course objectives, structure, and descriptions of individual courses over six semesters.
2. The program covers topics such as the diversity of invertebrate and vertebrate animals, cell biology, genetics, physiology, ecology, and applied areas like biotechnology.
3. Courses involve both theory and practical components, with the later semesters focusing more on advanced topics and including projects.
This document provides an introduction and syllabus for a course on Animal Diversity of Chordates. The course covers the classification and characteristics of protochordates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. It also covers comparative anatomy of key systems like the integumentary system, circulatory system, sensory receptors, and urinogenital system. The course aims to familiarize students with vertebrate classification up to the class level and the basic life processes of chordates, while also introducing key anatomical systems and comparative anatomy of higher vertebrates. The syllabus is divided into 4 units covering urochordates, cephalochordates, cyclostomes, fish, amphibians, rept
The document summarizes the Intel Philippine Science Fair (IPSF), which includes two affiliated fairs conducted simultaneously based on divisions of life sciences and physical/applied sciences. Projects are classified according to specific fields of study within each division. The life sciences fair includes areas like botany, zoology, microbiology, and biomedicine. The physical/applied sciences fair covers fields such as chemistry, physics, mathematics, engineering, and earth/space sciences. Projects can be completed individually or in teams of up to three students, and are categorized based on whether the entrant is a regular high school or specialized science high school student.
This document outlines the scheme of examination and syllabus for the M.Sc. Microbiology program over four semesters. It details the course structure including theory and lab courses, examination scheme, and syllabus for each semester. The program covers core areas of microbiology like cell biology, biomolecules, genetics, immunology, instrumentation techniques, and specialization areas like biotechnology, environmental microbiology, and food microbiology. Students have the option to undertake a research project and dissertation in the fourth semester in lieu of some theory papers. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the M.Sc. Microbiology curriculum and assessment.
This document provides information on the Anatomy course offered at the University of Zambia School of Medicine. It includes details on:
- The course code, prerequisites, coordinator, hours, and description which provides an overview of anatomy and how it will be covered.
- The objectives of the course which are to develop knowledge of anatomical structures and their functions, as well as disordered structures.
- The textbook references and assessment breakdown which includes tests, assignments, and laboratory reports.
- An outline of the course content organized into units covering topics like histology, embryology, gross anatomy, neuroscience and the disorders associated with each.
- Information on teaching methods, attendance policy, examinations and
This document provides a syllabus for an undergraduate zoology course following the Choice Based Credit System. It outlines the structure of the course over six semesters, including required and elective courses. Core courses cover topics like non-chordates, ecology, cell biology, physiology, genetics and developmental biology. Practical sessions complement the theoretical coursework. The syllabus specifies course credits, teaching hours, evaluation methods and textbooks for each paper.
This document provides a syllabus for a B.Sc. in Botany program implemented from the 2011-12 academic year at Goa University in India. It includes:
1. An overview of the program's purpose to equip students to appreciate plant diversity, understand their ecological and economic roles, and manipulate plants through techniques like genetic engineering.
2. Details of the program structure including 16 papers over 6 semesters and requirements for project work and field work.
3. Descriptions of the individual papers covering topics like plant classification, cell biology, plant physiology, and economic botany.
4. Suggested readings and laboratory exercises to accompany the papers.
The syllabus provides a comprehensive
The document provides an introduction to the revised National Curriculum for Biology in Liberia for grades 10-12. It includes messages from the Minister of Education emphasizing the importance of the curriculum revision for education transformation and rebuilding the education sector after civil war. The introduction outlines a student-centered approach and lists the aims and objectives of enabling students to demonstrate and apply biological principles and develop scientific skills. The curriculum is organized into semesters covering topics such as the branches of biology, cell structure and function, classification of living things, tissues and multicellular organisms.
This document outlines the syllabus and courses for an English language subsidiary subject for B.Sc. students for the 2013-2014 session.
The objective is to develop students' proficiency in reading, writing, and analytical skills while exposing them to literature. For the first semester, the prescribed text is Varieties of Expression, focusing on selected prose and drama pieces.
The exam will have two sections - Section I will test knowledge of the prescribed text through short answer and long answer questions, in addition to a comprehension passage. Section II will evaluate students' writing skills like reports, letters, notices, and precis writing based on topics from science. Practical work will involve a project assigned and evaluated by the language teacher.
This document outlines the syllabus for the MSc Zoology program at Yogi Vemana University for the 2014-2015 academic year. It includes 4 courses covering topics such as structural anatomy of invertebrates and vertebrates, genetics and evolution, cell biology and microbiology, and tools and techniques in biology. Each course is divided into 4 units and includes lists of readings and practical experiments related to the course content. The syllabus provides students with a comprehensive overview of the essential concepts, theories, and laboratory skills covered in the MSc Zoology program.
This document provides the syllabus for Class 11 Science for Infomatica Academy. It covers the topics that will be taught in Biology, including Botany and Zoology. Some key points:
- The syllabus aims to promote observation skills, scientific understanding, awareness of global issues and experimental skills.
- Topics covered in Botany include diversity of life, cell structure and function, plant structure and physiology, genetics and evolution.
- Topics covered in Zoology include diversity of animals, cell structure, animal tissues and systems, human physiology.
- Practical work includes experiments and specimen observation to complement theoretical topics.
- The Class 12 syllabus continues with more advanced topics in
The document provides an outline for a biology course covering topics like cell structure and function, skeletal system, classification of living organisms into kingdoms, and chemistry of life. It discusses the grading system, requirements, house rules, fields and branches of biology. It introduces concepts like scientific method, limitations of science, levels of biological organization from atoms to biosphere, properties of life, and basic organic compounds.
This course provides an introduction to environmental chemistry principles and their application to pollution-related subjects. The course outlines cover topics such as atmospheric chemistry including air pollution, acid rain, global warming, and the ozone layer. Water pollution, water treatment, and soil pollution are also discussed. The laboratory component involves experimental exercises to demonstrate understanding of environmental chemistry concepts. Recommended textbooks and references are provided to support student learning.
The document discusses top environmental science courses available in India. It begins by providing context on environmental science as an interdisciplinary field integrating various sciences. It then lists 9 specific courses: environmental engineering, masters in environmental science, geoscience, atmospheric science, biochemistry global health sciences, conservation science, hydrology, agriculture and food science, and meteorology. For each it provides a brief overview of the focus and typical educational requirements. The document concludes by encouraging enrollment at a specific institute for environmental studies.
I want you to go the Next Generation Sunshine State standards (http.pdfkellenaowardstrigl34
I want you to go the Next Generation Sunshine State standards
(http://www.cpalms.org/Public/search/Standard) homepage. Choose a grade level (not K) and
look at all the LIFE SCIENCE standards that are found under each of the Big Idea/Supporting
Idea topics. To see all the standards, click on the bolded letters.
please provide the grade level and copy the standards
Summarize what you, as a teacher, would be responsible for teaching your students.
Discuss how this framework changed your thoughts on what you, as a teacher, would be
responsible for teaching your students for the standards?
Discuss how insect topics might be used to help illustrate each of those LIFE SCIENCE
standards for that grade level. What insect information do you think could fit with that standard?
How could insects be used in related lessons?
Solution
Summary of grade 7 according to my skills are :-
Cell Biology
1. All living organisms are composed of cells, from just one to many trillions, whose details
usually are visible only through a microscope. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms.
b. Students know the characteristics that distinguish plant cells from animal cells, including
chloroplasts and cell walls.
c. Students know the nucleus is the repository for genetic information in plant and animal cells.
d. Students know that mitochondria liberate energy for the work that cells do and that
chloroplasts capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis.
e. Students know cells divide to increase their numbers through a process of mitosis, which
results in two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes.
f. Students know that as multicellular organisms develop, their cells differentiate.
Genetics
2. A typical cell of any organism contains genetic instructions that specify its traits. Those traits
may be modified by environmental influences. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know the differences between the life cycles and reproduction methods of sexual and
asexual organisms.
b. Students know sexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit half their genes from each
parent.
c. Students know an inherited trait can be determined by one or more genes.
d. Students know plant and animal cells contain many thousands of different genes and typically
have two copies of every gene. The two copies (or alleles) of the gene may or may not be
identical, and one may be dominant in determining the phenotype while the other is recessive.
e. Students know DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living organisms and is
located in the chromosomes of each cell.
Evolution
3. Biological evolution accounts for the diversity of species developed through gradual processes
over many generations. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know both genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and
diversity of organisms.
b. Students know the reasoning used by C.
This document is a diploma supplement for Marin Kovac, who graduated from the University of Zagreb Faculty of Science with a Bachelor of Biology degree. The 3-year undergraduate program provided students with fundamental knowledge in biology, chemistry, biochemistry, physics, geology and related fields through coursework and laboratory exercises. Upon completion, graduates are qualified for jobs requiring applied biology skills or can continue their education through a graduate master's program. Kovac successfully completed all program requirements, maintaining a high cumulative grade point average of 3.988.
NCERT Solutions | Class IX | Science (Biology) | Chapter 7 | Diversity in Liv...Biswarup Majumder
1. The document provides information about classifying organisms into kingdoms and divisions. It discusses the key characteristics used to classify organisms, such as cellular structure, presence of tissues, and reproductive structures.
2. Major divisions for classifying plants include thallophytes, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. These are differentiated based on characteristics like differentiated body parts and presence of vascular tissue.
3. Animals are primarily divided into chordates and non-chordates based on presence of a notochord. Non-chordates are further divided into subgroups based on other features, while chordates are divided into vertebrate classes.
1. The document is an elementary science and health curriculum handbook that outlines the scope, sequence, expectations, and lesson plans for grades 3-6.
2. It describes the goals and objectives for each grade level, which include developing an understanding of science concepts, health practices, and developing process skills.
3. The scope and sequence section lists the main topics covered in each grade level, such as the human body, plants and animals, earth and space, matter and energy. It provides learning competencies for each topic.
1. This document outlines the 7th grade science objectives that a student will master this year, including topics in physical science, life science, earth/space science, and infectious diseases.
2. The physical science objectives include understanding the physical properties of matter, physical and chemical changes, and separating mixtures.
3. The life science objectives cover biological organization, structure/function relationships, reproduction/heredity, and organism behavior/regulation.
4. The earth/space science objectives involve patterns of atmospheric movement, the role of clouds, and motions within the solar system that influence phenomena like seasons.
1. This document outlines the 7th grade science curriculum which covers physical science, life science, earth/space science, and infectious diseases.
2. The physical science unit will cover properties of matter, physical and chemical changes, and separating mixtures.
3. The life science units will cover cell structure and function, reproduction and heredity, behavior and regulation.
4. The earth/space science units will cover structures of the Earth, the solar system, and seasons.
This document outlines the course objectives, topics, and schedule for a Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrate course. The course aims to compare the anatomical systems of different vertebrate groups and discuss their evolution over time. Topics include the origin of chordates and vertebrates, anatomical systems like integument and skeleton, and how these systems compare across classes. Learning objectives emphasize understanding anatomical structures and their functions, as well as tracing evolutionary relationships. The course utilizes lectures, labs, group work and other active learning methods over its 13-week term.
This document outlines the course objectives, topics, and schedule for a Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrate course. The course aims to compare the anatomical systems of different vertebrate groups and discuss their evolution over time. Topics include the origin of chordates and vertebrates, anatomical systems like integument and skeleton, and how these systems compare across classes. Learning objectives emphasize understanding anatomical structures and their functions, as well as tracing the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The course schedule lists weekly topics, assignments, and values that will be emphasized.
Botany is important and vast topic to explore.
Botany is related to detailed and diverse study of plants.
Their is number of opportunity in Science ( Biology) abroad and India as well.
This lab covers vertebrate evolution and cladistics. Students will learn about key vertebrate characteristics like having a notochord, pharyngeal slits and a dorsal hollow nerve cord. The major chordate subphyla and classes are discussed, including humans. Students will complete a cladistics worksheet to practice constructing phylogenetic trees based on shared derived characteristics. Next week's lab will involve a fetal pig dissection and a lab practical exam.
This lab covers vertebrate evolution and cladistics. Students will learn about key vertebrate characteristics like having a notochord, pharyngeal slits and a dorsal hollow nerve cord. The major chordate subphyla and classes are discussed, including humans. Students will complete a cladistics worksheet to practice constructing phylogenetic trees based on shared derived characteristics. Next week's lab will involve a fetal pig dissection and a lab practical exam.
The document provides an introduction to the revised National Curriculum for Biology in Liberia for grades 10-12. It includes messages from the Minister of Education emphasizing the importance of the curriculum revision for education transformation and rebuilding the education sector after civil war. The introduction outlines a student-centered approach and lists the aims and objectives of enabling students to demonstrate and apply biological principles and develop scientific skills. The curriculum is organized into semesters covering topics such as the branches of biology, cell structure and function, classification of living things, tissues and multicellular organisms.
This document outlines the syllabus and courses for an English language subsidiary subject for B.Sc. students for the 2013-2014 session.
The objective is to develop students' proficiency in reading, writing, and analytical skills while exposing them to literature. For the first semester, the prescribed text is Varieties of Expression, focusing on selected prose and drama pieces.
The exam will have two sections - Section I will test knowledge of the prescribed text through short answer and long answer questions, in addition to a comprehension passage. Section II will evaluate students' writing skills like reports, letters, notices, and precis writing based on topics from science. Practical work will involve a project assigned and evaluated by the language teacher.
This document outlines the syllabus for the MSc Zoology program at Yogi Vemana University for the 2014-2015 academic year. It includes 4 courses covering topics such as structural anatomy of invertebrates and vertebrates, genetics and evolution, cell biology and microbiology, and tools and techniques in biology. Each course is divided into 4 units and includes lists of readings and practical experiments related to the course content. The syllabus provides students with a comprehensive overview of the essential concepts, theories, and laboratory skills covered in the MSc Zoology program.
This document provides the syllabus for Class 11 Science for Infomatica Academy. It covers the topics that will be taught in Biology, including Botany and Zoology. Some key points:
- The syllabus aims to promote observation skills, scientific understanding, awareness of global issues and experimental skills.
- Topics covered in Botany include diversity of life, cell structure and function, plant structure and physiology, genetics and evolution.
- Topics covered in Zoology include diversity of animals, cell structure, animal tissues and systems, human physiology.
- Practical work includes experiments and specimen observation to complement theoretical topics.
- The Class 12 syllabus continues with more advanced topics in
The document provides an outline for a biology course covering topics like cell structure and function, skeletal system, classification of living organisms into kingdoms, and chemistry of life. It discusses the grading system, requirements, house rules, fields and branches of biology. It introduces concepts like scientific method, limitations of science, levels of biological organization from atoms to biosphere, properties of life, and basic organic compounds.
This course provides an introduction to environmental chemistry principles and their application to pollution-related subjects. The course outlines cover topics such as atmospheric chemistry including air pollution, acid rain, global warming, and the ozone layer. Water pollution, water treatment, and soil pollution are also discussed. The laboratory component involves experimental exercises to demonstrate understanding of environmental chemistry concepts. Recommended textbooks and references are provided to support student learning.
The document discusses top environmental science courses available in India. It begins by providing context on environmental science as an interdisciplinary field integrating various sciences. It then lists 9 specific courses: environmental engineering, masters in environmental science, geoscience, atmospheric science, biochemistry global health sciences, conservation science, hydrology, agriculture and food science, and meteorology. For each it provides a brief overview of the focus and typical educational requirements. The document concludes by encouraging enrollment at a specific institute for environmental studies.
I want you to go the Next Generation Sunshine State standards (http.pdfkellenaowardstrigl34
I want you to go the Next Generation Sunshine State standards
(http://www.cpalms.org/Public/search/Standard) homepage. Choose a grade level (not K) and
look at all the LIFE SCIENCE standards that are found under each of the Big Idea/Supporting
Idea topics. To see all the standards, click on the bolded letters.
please provide the grade level and copy the standards
Summarize what you, as a teacher, would be responsible for teaching your students.
Discuss how this framework changed your thoughts on what you, as a teacher, would be
responsible for teaching your students for the standards?
Discuss how insect topics might be used to help illustrate each of those LIFE SCIENCE
standards for that grade level. What insect information do you think could fit with that standard?
How could insects be used in related lessons?
Solution
Summary of grade 7 according to my skills are :-
Cell Biology
1. All living organisms are composed of cells, from just one to many trillions, whose details
usually are visible only through a microscope. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know cells function similarly in all living organisms.
b. Students know the characteristics that distinguish plant cells from animal cells, including
chloroplasts and cell walls.
c. Students know the nucleus is the repository for genetic information in plant and animal cells.
d. Students know that mitochondria liberate energy for the work that cells do and that
chloroplasts capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis.
e. Students know cells divide to increase their numbers through a process of mitosis, which
results in two daughter cells with identical sets of chromosomes.
f. Students know that as multicellular organisms develop, their cells differentiate.
Genetics
2. A typical cell of any organism contains genetic instructions that specify its traits. Those traits
may be modified by environmental influences. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know the differences between the life cycles and reproduction methods of sexual and
asexual organisms.
b. Students know sexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit half their genes from each
parent.
c. Students know an inherited trait can be determined by one or more genes.
d. Students know plant and animal cells contain many thousands of different genes and typically
have two copies of every gene. The two copies (or alleles) of the gene may or may not be
identical, and one may be dominant in determining the phenotype while the other is recessive.
e. Students know DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of living organisms and is
located in the chromosomes of each cell.
Evolution
3. Biological evolution accounts for the diversity of species developed through gradual processes
over many generations. As a basis for understanding this concept:
a. Students know both genetic variation and environmental factors are causes of evolution and
diversity of organisms.
b. Students know the reasoning used by C.
This document is a diploma supplement for Marin Kovac, who graduated from the University of Zagreb Faculty of Science with a Bachelor of Biology degree. The 3-year undergraduate program provided students with fundamental knowledge in biology, chemistry, biochemistry, physics, geology and related fields through coursework and laboratory exercises. Upon completion, graduates are qualified for jobs requiring applied biology skills or can continue their education through a graduate master's program. Kovac successfully completed all program requirements, maintaining a high cumulative grade point average of 3.988.
NCERT Solutions | Class IX | Science (Biology) | Chapter 7 | Diversity in Liv...Biswarup Majumder
1. The document provides information about classifying organisms into kingdoms and divisions. It discusses the key characteristics used to classify organisms, such as cellular structure, presence of tissues, and reproductive structures.
2. Major divisions for classifying plants include thallophytes, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. These are differentiated based on characteristics like differentiated body parts and presence of vascular tissue.
3. Animals are primarily divided into chordates and non-chordates based on presence of a notochord. Non-chordates are further divided into subgroups based on other features, while chordates are divided into vertebrate classes.
1. The document is an elementary science and health curriculum handbook that outlines the scope, sequence, expectations, and lesson plans for grades 3-6.
2. It describes the goals and objectives for each grade level, which include developing an understanding of science concepts, health practices, and developing process skills.
3. The scope and sequence section lists the main topics covered in each grade level, such as the human body, plants and animals, earth and space, matter and energy. It provides learning competencies for each topic.
1. This document outlines the 7th grade science objectives that a student will master this year, including topics in physical science, life science, earth/space science, and infectious diseases.
2. The physical science objectives include understanding the physical properties of matter, physical and chemical changes, and separating mixtures.
3. The life science objectives cover biological organization, structure/function relationships, reproduction/heredity, and organism behavior/regulation.
4. The earth/space science objectives involve patterns of atmospheric movement, the role of clouds, and motions within the solar system that influence phenomena like seasons.
1. This document outlines the 7th grade science curriculum which covers physical science, life science, earth/space science, and infectious diseases.
2. The physical science unit will cover properties of matter, physical and chemical changes, and separating mixtures.
3. The life science units will cover cell structure and function, reproduction and heredity, behavior and regulation.
4. The earth/space science units will cover structures of the Earth, the solar system, and seasons.
This document outlines the course objectives, topics, and schedule for a Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrate course. The course aims to compare the anatomical systems of different vertebrate groups and discuss their evolution over time. Topics include the origin of chordates and vertebrates, anatomical systems like integument and skeleton, and how these systems compare across classes. Learning objectives emphasize understanding anatomical structures and their functions, as well as tracing evolutionary relationships. The course utilizes lectures, labs, group work and other active learning methods over its 13-week term.
This document outlines the course objectives, topics, and schedule for a Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrate course. The course aims to compare the anatomical systems of different vertebrate groups and discuss their evolution over time. Topics include the origin of chordates and vertebrates, anatomical systems like integument and skeleton, and how these systems compare across classes. Learning objectives emphasize understanding anatomical structures and their functions, as well as tracing the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The course schedule lists weekly topics, assignments, and values that will be emphasized.
Botany is important and vast topic to explore.
Botany is related to detailed and diverse study of plants.
Their is number of opportunity in Science ( Biology) abroad and India as well.
This lab covers vertebrate evolution and cladistics. Students will learn about key vertebrate characteristics like having a notochord, pharyngeal slits and a dorsal hollow nerve cord. The major chordate subphyla and classes are discussed, including humans. Students will complete a cladistics worksheet to practice constructing phylogenetic trees based on shared derived characteristics. Next week's lab will involve a fetal pig dissection and a lab practical exam.
This lab covers vertebrate evolution and cladistics. Students will learn about key vertebrate characteristics like having a notochord, pharyngeal slits and a dorsal hollow nerve cord. The major chordate subphyla and classes are discussed, including humans. Students will complete a cladistics worksheet to practice constructing phylogenetic trees based on shared derived characteristics. Next week's lab will involve a fetal pig dissection and a lab practical exam.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
1. 1
B.Sc. Zoology
REGULATIONS
(With Effect From 2007-2008)
1. ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION
Candidate for admission to the first year of the degree of Bachelor of Science
Course shall be required to have – passed the Higher Secondary Examination (Academic
or Vocational) Conducted by the Government of Tamil Nadu, or a examination accepted
by the Syndicate, subject to such conditions as may be prescribed therefore.
Provided that candidate for admission to the following branches shall have passed
the qualifying examination with the subjects noted against each.
2. ELIGIBILITY FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE
A candidate shall be eligible for the award of the Degree only if he/she undergone
the prescribed course of study in a college affiliated to the university for the period not
less than three academic years, passed the examinations prescribed and fulfilled such
conditions as have been-prescribed therefore.
3. DURATION OF THE COURSE
The course of the Degree of Bachelor of Science shall consist of three academic
years.
4. COURSE OF STUDY
The course of study for the B.Sc. Degree shall consist of the following and shall
be in accordance with Appendix – I.
(i) Foundation Course (I Language and English)
(ii) Core Course (Main and allied Subjects)
(iii) Application oriented course.
5. QUESTION PAPER PATTERN (For Both Major and Allied)
2. 2
Time: 3 hours Maximum: 100
Part A: 10 x 2 = 20
(Answer All Questions)
(Two Questions from each Unit)
Part B: 5 x 4 =20
(Answer All Questions)
(One question from each unit with internal choice)
Part C : 5 x 12 = 60
(Answer All Questions)
(One question from each unit with internal choice)
6. SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
Scheme of the Examination shall be as given in Appendix – 1
7. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CANDIDATES TO GO TO II AND III YEAR
Candidates shall be eligible to go to II and III years only if they earn sufficient
attendance prescribed by syndicate from time to time for the I/II year of the course.
8. PASSING MINIMUM
A candidate shall be declared to have passed in the each paper/practical wherever
prescribed if he/she secures not less than 40% of marks prescribed for the examination.
He/she shall be declared to have passed the whole examination if he/she passed in all the
papers and practicals wherever prescribed as per the scheme of examinations.
9. CLASSIFICATION OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES
1) Foundation course
a) Language other than English, Successful candidates passing the examinations
for the language papers and securing the marks (i) 60% and above (ii) 50% and above but
below 60% in the aggregate shall be declared to have passed the examinations in the First
3. 3
and Second Classes respectively. All other successful candidates shall be declared to
have passed the examination in the Third class.
B.Sc. Degree Course Zoology – PRIDE
Appendix – I
Scheme of Examinations:
Year Title of the paper Exam. years Max.Marks
First Year
Language - I
Language - I
Major - I
Allied - I
Major Practical - I
Allied Practicals - I
Tamil – I
English – I
Invertebrata
Chemistry
Invertebrata
Allied Chemistry
3
3
3
3
3
3
100
100
100
100
100
100
Second Year
Language - II
Language - II
Major - II
Allied - II
Practicals Major
Allied
Tamil – II
English – II
Chordata
Botany
Chordata
Allied Botany
3
3
3
3
3
3
100
100
100
100
100
100
Third Year
Major - III
Major - IV
Major – V
Major - VI
Major - VII
Major – VIII
Major
Practical – III
Cell Biology and Genetics
Biochemistry and Animal Physiology
Developmental Biology and
Immunology
Environmental Science and Evolution
Medical Laboratory Techniques
Application oriented subject (AOS)
Sericulture
Relevant to papers II to V
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
4. 4
Practical - IV Relevant to papers VI to VIII
Practical marks include 20 marks for record
Total marks 2000
Zoology (UG) – PRIDE
First Year
PAPER - I – INVERTEBRATA
(Effective from the academic year 2007 – 2008)
Scope:
1. Structure and physiology of the types included with special emphasis on the
adaptations to their modes of life and environments.
2. General characters, classification upto order level with examples and phylogenetic
affinities of the invertebrate phyla included in the syllabus.
3. General topics.
UNIT I
Protozoa: Entamoeba, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Elphidium, Plasmodium and
Patamecium.
Locomotion, Nutrition, Skeleton and Reproduction, in Proteozoa.
Economic importance of Protozoa.
UNIT II
Porifera: Simple sponge.
Canal system, Histology skeleton, Larval forms, Affinities and Economic
importance of porifera.
UNIT III
Coelenterata: Obelia Aurelia and sea anemone, Polymorphism and coral neefs
Ctenophora: Pleurobranchia and its affinities.
UNIT IV
Helminthes: Fasciola, Taenia and Ascaris, Trematodes, Cestodes and nematodes
and elation in Human-welfare.
Anneliola: Earthworm, Nereis and Leech.
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Coelom, Asaptations to different modes of life and excretion Affinities of
polychetes.
UNIT V
Arthropoda: Millpede, Centipede, Penaeus; Grasshpper, Scorpion, Limulus and
Peripatus.
Larval forms in crustacean, Parasitic crustacean, Insect mouth parts and their
modifications.
Social life and economic importance of insects, prawn culture, Arthropod Vectors
of human welfare.
UNIT VI
Mollusca: Pila, Freshwater Mussel, Sepia, Dentalium and Chiton.
Food modification; respiratory organs, Torsion in Gastropoda and
economic imporatance of Mollusca.
Echinodermiata: Starfish, Seacucumber, sea urchin and sea lily.
Water Vascular system and Echinaderm Larvae and their significance
Minor phyla; General describtion of minor phyla and classification.
Text Booka:
1) Mamual of Zoology – Vol. I Invertebrata – by Ekambaranatha Iyer and S.
Viswanathan (Printers & Publisher), Chennai 1993.
2) Modern text Book Zoology – Invertebrates by R.L. Kotpal, Rostogi Pulication.
2003.
3) Invertebrate zoology – by R.D. Barnes, Saunders College. Publications., 1987.
4) Invertebrate Structure and function – by E.J.W. Barrington, ELBS edition, 1981.
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Second Year
PAPER II – CHORDATA
UNIT I
1. General characters and outline classification of phylum:- CHORDATA
2. Origin of chordates
3. Structure and affinities of Balanoglossus, Ascidian and Amphioxus –
characters and classification of subphyla: Hemichordata, Urochordata and
Cephalochordata.
UNIT II
1. Agnatha: Structure of petromyzon, characters, classification and affinities of
cyclostomata.
2. Pisces: Characters and classification of fishers upto order, level, with
examples
Structure of shark and Mugil
Structure and affinities of Dipnoi.
Adaptive mediation in fishes – origin and types of fins – Accessory respiratory
organs in fishes – Air bladder in fishes – Migration of fishes – Parental care in
fishes – Economic importance of fishes.
UNIT III
1. Amphibia: Characters and classification of Amphibia upto order level with
South Indian examples. Origin of Amphibia structure of frog.
Biology and adaptive features of Anura, Urodela and Apoda. Parental care in
Amphibia.
2. Reptilia: Characters and classification of Reptilia upto order level with South
Indian examples. Skull in Reptilia..
Structure of Calotes.
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Origin and adaptive Madiation of Reptilia – Extinct Reptiles Poisonous and
Non-poisonous snakes – Poisonous snakes of South India – Posion apparatus
and biting – mechanism.
UNIT IV
1. Aves: Characters and classification of Aves upto order-level. Origin of Birds
and origin of flight structure of pigeon.
Flight adaptation in birds – Palaeognathe (Ratitae), the flightless birds – Palate
in birds – Bird migration.
2. Mammalia: Characters and classification of Mammals with upto order level
with South Indian examples,
Structure of Rat.
Biology and distribution of Prototheria and – Metatheria.
Adaptive radiation in Mammals – Flying and Aquatic – Mammals and their
adaptations – Dentition in Mammals – Types of Placenta in Mammals.
UNIT V
1. Comparative Anatomy of the organ system of vertebrates in relation to their
adaptations and evolution. (Integumentary, Digestive, Respiratory,
Circulatory, Nervous, Urino-genital and skeletal system).
Text Books:
1. Manual of Zoology Vol. II CHORDATA – by Ekambaranatha Iyer and S.
Viswanathan (Printers & Publishers) Chennai. 1993.
2. Chordata Zoology – by Jordon, E>L> & Verma, P.S. 2000. S.Chand & Co.,
New Delhi.
i) Integrated principles of Zoology – by Huckman, C.P. Roberto, L.S.
& Hickman, F.M. Times mirror / Mesby – college Puplishing, St,
Louis 1984.
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ii) Phylum Chordata – by H.H. Newman., Mc Millan.
III YEAR
PAPER III – CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS
PART A : CELL BIOLOGY
UNIT I:
1. History of cell Biology – cell theory
2. Methods for the study of cells, light, phase contrast and Electron Microscope,
Ocular and stage Micrometers – camera Lucida, cell homogenization –
fractionation – Centrifugation and Isolation of cellular components.
Fixation – stains and staining methods – vital staining – cell and Tissue
culture.
3. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (E.Coli and Virus) Structure and Comparison.
UNIT II
Structure – Composition and functions of the following cell organelles: cell
membrane – Mitochondrion – Golgi Complex – Endoplasmic – Reticulum –
Microsomes – Ribosomes – Lysosomes – Peroxisomes – chloroplasts – centrioles,
cilia, Flagella, Xlucleus- and Nucleolus.
UNIT III
1. Chromosomes: Structure, composition and functions – Giant chromosomes.
2. DNA and RNA: Structure, Composition and functions
3. Cell division and cell cycle – Mitosis and Meiosis
4. Characteristics of cancer cells – carcinogens.
PART B – GENETICS
UNIT IV
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Mendelian genetics : Mendel’s laws – Gene interaction – Epistasis –
Complementary genes – Atavism, Lethal genes, Multiple alleles – coat color in
Rodents, Blood group inheritance in Man.
UNIT V
Chromosomal Genetics: Linkage and Crossing over – chromosome mapping – sex
determination – sex linked and sex limited inheritance – mutations – mutagenesis.
Inbreeding – out breeding – Heterosis. Extrachromosomal inheritance.
Experimental Genetics. Population genetics – Hardy Weinberg law genetic code
and protein systhesis. Microbial genetics – Inherited disorders in Man – Genetic
Engineering and Bio Technology.
Text Book
1. Cell Biology by Veer Bala Rastogi, Rastogi Publications.
2. Cell Biology by Power
3. Verma. P.S. and Agarwal V.K. Genetics, Concept of Genetics. S. Chand & Co.,
Ltd.
4. Rastogi V.B. A. text book of genetics, Kadarnath, Ramnath, Meert.
Reference:
1. De Rebertis EDP & De Rebertis EMF. Cell & Molecular Biology. BI Waverly
PV & Ltd., New Delhi. 8th
Ed (1996).
2. Karp, G. Cell & Molecular Bilogy – Concept & Experiments, Jonh Wiley & Sons
Inc, New York (1996).
3. Dob. Zhansky, Th. Ayala, F.T. Stebbins. F Valentine, J.W. Evolution. Surjeet
Pub. Delhi. (1977).
4. Gardner, CET &. Shustad, DP. Principles of genetics John Wiley & Sons, New
York. (vii.ed). (1984).
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PAPER IV – DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
UNIT I
Brief History of developmental Biology – Theories of – performation, epigenesist
and pangenesis. Beer’s law – Biogenetic law – Germ plasm theory – Mosaic
theory – Regulative theory – Branches of developmental biology (descriptive –
comparative – experimental and bio-chemical/physiological).
UNIT II
Gametogenesis and cleavage: Spermatogenesis – definition and significance.
Types of sperm – functions. Oagenesis – definition and significance. Types of
eggs – egg membranes – Polavity – symmetry. Fertilization – definition and
significance – entry of sperm – egg activation – post fertilization changes –
theories of fertilization, Cleavage – definition and significance – patterns of
cleavage (Amphioxus, Frog, Bird and Mammal) – influence of Yolk – Morula and
Blastula – Radial and spiral cleavage.
UNIT III
Gastrulation and Tubulation: Gastrulation – definition and significance,
gastrulation and Amphioxus, Frog, Bird and Mammal – morphogenetic
movements – Organ faming areas – Fate maps. Tubulation – definition and
significance. Primary organ rudiments – Notogenesis – Neurogenesis –
Mesoderm formation in Amphioxus, Frog and chick.
UNIT IV
Organogenesis: Development of Brain, Eye, Ear and Heart in Frog and chick.
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Development of foetal membrances (Extra embryonic) in chick and Mammal.
Placenta – definition and significance – different types of placenta.
UNIT V
Experimental Embryology: Definition and significance. Induced Ovulation –
artificial fertilization – fertility – control – cell lineage – Gradient theory –
Nuclear transplantation – cell differentiation – Organizers – Primary and
Secondary theories. Parthenogenesis – Regeneration.
Immunology : Immune system – Types of immunity – types of immunoglobulin –
Antigen – Antibody reaction Allergy – AIDS/HIV.
Text Books:
1. De Beer, G.R.: Embryos and Ancestros. Clarenden Press, Oxford.
2. Verma P.S. and Agarwal. V.K: Chordate Embryology S.Chand & Co. Ltd.,
New Delhi (1995)
Text Books:
1. Bodemer, Modern Embryology, Holt Rinebar & Winston. N.Y.
2. Balinshy, Bl. An Introduction to Embryology – Savnders International
Student edition. Philadelphia, IIIrd Edition 1981.
References:
Chakravarthy, Immunology, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
Riott, I.M. Essential Immunology
Weir, D.M. Immunology.
Berril N.J. & Gerald Karp. Development.
Tata McGraw Hill.
12. 12
Paper V Biochemistry & Animal physiology
Part A Biochemistry
Unit I
Water – Structure – Hydrogen bonding – Physical properties – water as a solvent
– ionsation reaction – PH & buffers.
Foog constituents: Protein, Carbohydrates, hipids minerals, salts & vitamins &
their significance.
Unite II
Enzymes: Introduction – Nomenclature – classification – characteristic features –
mechanism of action – specific coenzymes – Isoenzymes – inhibitors of enzyme
action.
Metabolism: Energy production from carbohydrates, proteins and fats – Basal
metabolism – Regulation of metabolism.
Part B – Animal physiology
Unit III
Nutrition: types (digestion in man) – malnutrition – physiology of digestion –
physiology of absorption – assimilation
Respiration: Respiratory pigments – role in transport of O 2 & CO 2 in man –
control – Bronchitis – Asthma circulation: Blood composition – types of heart –
origin & conduction of heart beat in man – blood pressure – coagulation of blood.
ECG, Angiogram, Angioplasty, Bye pass surgery.
Excretion: types of nitrogenous wastes – structure of mammalian kidney & urine
formation – renal failure – kidney stone – kidney transplantation.
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Unit IV
Osmotic & ionic regulation: in firesh water marine fishes – crustaceans.
Co-ordinating systems: Nerve Physiology – types of Newron – human brain & its
structure, functions – reflexes – nerve impulse – neuromuscular junction.
Endocrine physiology – Endocrine glands in man – secretions & disorders.
Unit V:
Receptors: Chemioreceptor – mechanoreceptor – Equilibrium receptors phono &
photoreceptors. Animal behavious, Bioluminiscence, Biological rhythms &
Biological clocks.
Reference – Text books
1. Verma P.S. & Tyagi, B.S. – Animal physiology 6/e.s. chand & co.
2. Agarwal, V.K. Agarwal. R.A., Srivatsava, A.K. & Kaushal Kumar –
Animal physiology – biochemistry, S.Chand & Co.
Reference:
1. Hoar. W.S. (1987) General & comparative physiology – pretice – Hall.
2. Prosser, C.L. Comparative – Animal physiology – Saunders.
3. M.K. Chandrasekaran – Circadian Rhythms – Madras Science foundation,
Chennai.
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Paper VI - Environmental Biology and Evolution
UNIT I
Autecology:
1. Abiotic factors of environment
Water – Air – Land.
Physical factors: Temperature, pressure, light.
Chemical factors: Oxygen, carbondioxide, salinity.
Nutrients: Biogeochemical cycles with special reference to Nitrogen, phosphorus
and carbon.
2. Biotic factors of Environment:
Relationships among organisms: Intraspecific interactions – Aggregations –
division of laboure and social behaviour – territorialism – Migration.
Interspecific interactions: Parasitism – mutualism – commensalisms and
sysbiosis
UNIT II
Synecology (or) community Ecology:
Population characteristics:
Natality – mortality – density and age distribution – population control.
Community characteristics:
Structure – stratification – components – producers – censumers – decomposers
And transformers. Food relationship food links – food chain – food web
community and ecological succession.
Ecosystem: Characteristics – Components of ecological pyramids – pond as an
ecosystem.
Habitat Ecology:
Bio sphere – Lithosphere – hydrosphere and atmosphere.
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Habitats: Terrestrial – Aquatic – Marine and freshwater.
Ecosystems of Biomes:
Freshwater biomas – Lakes, Ponds and rivers. Marine biomes – characteristics,
divisions and adaptations – Pelagie, benthie, rocky, muddy and sandy shores –
estuaries – mangroves.
Terrestrial biomes – soil – forests – grassland – deserts.
UNIT III
Environmental management (or) Applied Ecology
Natural resources and their management
Aquaculture and fisheries.
Forests: Protection of forests – chipko movement – social forest.
Wildlife Management:- Wildlife sanctuaries – National parks and Bioreserves in
India.
Pollution: Air, water, soil, noise and radioactivity.
Environmental degradation – green house effect and ozone layer – pesticides and
residual effects.
UNIT IV
Chemical evolution and origin of life:
Origin of self replicating systems and their evolution.
Evidences of evolution:- Paleontological, biochemical, physiological and
embryological – Geological time scale – Fossils – dating of fossils – fossils in
India.
Theories and concepts of evolution:- Theories of Lamarek, Darwin and Devries –
Neolamarckism and Neo Darwinism.
UNIT V
Species and Speciation – factors – isolating mechanisms.
Modes of evolution – Paralled – Convergent – coevolution – adoptive radiation.
Mimiery and animal evolution – mutations and selection – polymorphism.
Distribution of animals – geographic realms.
Evolution of man – cultural evolution
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Text Book:
1. Kumar. H.D. Modern concepts of Ecology, F/E Vikas – Publishing House.
2. Ecology and environment E.D. Sharma (1998) Rastogi – publication –
Meerut.
Reference:
1. Mukherjee, Environmental Biology, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Odum, E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology, W.B. Saunders Co., Philedelphia.
3. Clark, G.C., Elements of Ecology, John Wiley sons; Inc. N.Y.
4. Rastogi V.B., Animal Ecology & Distribution of Animals, Kedarnath
Ramnath, Meerut.
5. Arumugam N., Concepts of Ecology. Saras Publication, Nagercoil.
6. Verma, P.S. & Agarwal, V.K. Concepts of Evolution, S.Chand & Co.
7. Moody, Introduction to Evolution
8. Rastogi, V.B. Organic Evolution, Kedarnath Ramnath, Meerut.
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Paper VII Medical Laboratory Techniques
UNIT I
1. Knowledge of Principles: Use and maintenance of laboratory instruments like:
Autoclave, hot air owen, incubators, water bath, centrifuge, refrigerator,
Microscopes, colorimeter, pH meter, Hemoglobinometer, Hamocytometer,
Balances and other equipment.
2. Cleaning, care and sterilization of laboratory items such as glasswares.
3. Knowledge and skill in the preparation of reagents and methods of different
types of experiments.
UNIT II
4. Clinical physiology: Use of Blood pressure Apparatus ECG and Respirometer.
UNIT III
5. Knowledge and skill in collecting blood samples, analysis of blood and basis
hematological techniques.
6. Blood cell morphology in health and disease, R.BC, WBC, total counts and
differential counts.
Hematocruit, Packed cell Volume, Erythrocyte Sedimentation rate, RBC fragility
test, platelet count, Reticulocytocrit, Hemonhagic disorders: clotting time,
bleeding time, Prothrombin time, Test for deficiency in blood clotting factors.
UNIT IV
7. Chemical composition of Blood plasma and serum.
8. Knowledge and skill in the study and analysis of Urine samples, chemical
parameters routinely required to be analysed – Pregnancy tests.
9. Analysis of Faces, semen, cerebrospinal shired for clinical investigation
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10. Immunoelectrophoresis
UNIT V
11. Parasitology and vector biology.
Examination of parasites relevant to human health, Malarial parasite and other
Protozoans, Helminths and other worms. Study of vectors in the transmission
of diseases.
12. Laboratory Administration, management and safety.
Text Book:
1. Samuel, K.M. Notes on Clinical Lab. Techniques, M.K.G. Iyer & Sons,
Madras.
2. Pakti, Bhalchandra and Jeevaji: An Introduction to Microtechniques. S.
Chand, Madras 1989. 167. pp.
Reference Book
1. King, Maurice, 1976: A Medical Laboratory for Developing countries,
Oxford University Press (ELBS Edition), Madras.
2. Sood, Ramnik, 1985. Medical Laboratory Techniques, Jaypee Brothers, New
Delhi 384 pp.
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Paper VIII Application oriented Subject (AOS) – Sericulture
UNIT I
History of Sericulture: Nature and economic importance of Sericulture in India –
Types of silkworm – Mulberry, Tasar, Muga & in.
Morphology of Silkworm: Adult, larvae & pupae – life cycle of silkworm.
Moriculture: Distribution of Mulberry – Selection of land and cultivation of
mulberry by different methods – manuring – pruning – preservation of leaves.
UNIT II
Silkworm rearing: Rearing house & equipments – preparation for rearing –
environmental conditions for rearing – hatching – brushing.
Rearing techniques: Chawki rearing and late age rearing – quality of mulberry
leaves for different age – mounting and harvesting of cocoons.
UNIT III
Silkworm pathology: Disinfection of rearing houses and the equipments –
silkworm diseases – Bacterial, viral, fungal & protozoan and other natural
enemies of silkworms.
Breeding of silkworms: Selection – Methods of selection – Breeding of resistant
varieties.
Grainage techniques: Preservation of seed cocoons – Emergence of moths –
Preparation of layings – Acid treatment – Egg Production – Hibernation – cold
storage. Artificial hatching – Preservation & incubation of eggs.
UNIT IV
Silk reeling: Selection of raw material for reeling – storage & preservation of raw
materials. Physical and commercial characters of cocooms.
UNIT V
Stiffling & drying – cooking – various systems of reeling – charka – cottage basis
– filiature system.
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Importance of water insilk reeling Re-reeling – Raw silk examination cleaning,
laceing, speining – Book making – Byproducts of reeling. Marking and the role
of central silk Board in the development of Sericulture.
Text Books
1. Sulochana Shetty – Introduction to Sericulture.
2. Manual of Silkworm Rearing: “Manual of Mulberry cultution’ – Food and
Agricultural organization (FAO) – United Nations.
References
3. Sericology – Yoshimato Tanaka, Central Silk Board, Bombay 2.
4. Synthesised Science of Sericulture – Yokoyama.
5. Silkworm Breeding stocks – P.A. Kovalene, Central Silk Board, Bombay.
21. 21
First Year
Practical I - Invertebrate
1. Study of Museum specimens and slides relevant to the types studied in theory.
2. Dissection of
(a) earthworm – Nervous system
(b) Cockroach – Digestive, Nervous and Reproductive system
(c) Pila – Digestive system
3. Mounting of
(a) Body and penial setae in Earthworm
(b) Mouth parts of;
(i) Mosquito
(ii) House fly
(iii) Bed bug
(iv) Cockroach
(v) Honey Bee
(c) Salivary glands of cockroach
(d) Radula of Pila
The Record may also include a brief report of a Field – study undertaken during
the course of the year.
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Second Year
Practical II - Chordata
1. Identification of specimens studied in the theory
2. Shark: V, VII, IX and X cranial nerves, mounting of placoid seales and brain
3. Frog: V, VII, IX and X cranial nerves, Aterial and venous system. Mounting
of Brain & hyoid apparatus.
4. Identification of prepared skeletal structures of – vertebrates.
5. Practical record has to be submitted during the University Practical
Examination. The Record may also include a brief report of the field study –
undertaken during the course of the year.
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Third Year
Major Practical III - Cell Biology & Genetics, Biochemistry & Animal
Physiology, Developmental Biology and Immunology
A. Cell Biology and genetics
1. Use of Microscope, Camera Lucida, Stage and Ocular micrometers
2. Counting of RBC and WBC using Haemocytometer
3. Blood smear preparation – Differential count of WBC
4. Mounting of Buccal epithelium and observing living cells using vital staining
5. Study of Mototic division using Onion root tips
6. Study of Meiotic division using insect testis
7. Study of prepared studies of different – tissues
8. Submission of practical records
B. Genetics practicals
1. Observation of common mutants of Drosophila
2. Preparation of mounts of the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila or
chironomous larva.
3. Human Blood grouping
4. Submission of practical records.
C. Bio-chemistry and Animal physiology
1. Survey of digestive enzymes in cockroach
2. Study of human salivary amylase activity in relation to temperature
3. Estimation of oxygen consumption in fishes with reference to body weight
4. Study of ciliary activity in fresh water mussel in relation to temperature (Q10 )
24. 24
5. Detection of nitrogenous waste products in fishtank water, bird ecreta and
mammalian Urine.
6. Use of Kymograph Unit.
7. Submission of practical records
D. Developmental Biology & Immunology
Study of following prepared slides, museum specimens and materials
1. Section of testis and ovary showing the maturation stages of gametes.
2. Slides of mammalian sperm and ovum.
3. Study of egg types – Cockroach Ootheca – Frog’s egg – Hen’s egg.
4. Slides of cleavage stages in Frog and chick.
5. Slides of Blastula and gastrula of Frog and chick.
6. Slides of different developmental stages of chick embryo (24 hrs, 33 hrs,
48hrs).
7. Placenta of sheep or pig or rat.
8. Submission of practical record.
25. 25
Major Practical IV – Environmental Science and Evolution, medical
laboratory techniques and sericulture
A. Environmental Biology – Practicals
1. Measurement of environmental parameters:-
(a) Aquactical environment: Estimation of – Dissolved Oxygen – Salinity –
pH – Free Co 2 , Carbonates and Bicarbonates.
(b) Terrestrial Environment: Using the Instrument for measuring
Environmental parameters – Rain gauge – Maximum and minimum
Thermometer – Wet and Dry bulb Hygrometer.
2. Plankton study: Fresh water and Marine water planktons
3. Adaptation in Aquatic and terrestrial animals based on a study of Museum
speciments: Such as Rocky or sandy shore animals. Planktonic or Benthic
animals, Flying or burrowing animals.
4. Study a natural ecosystem such as a pond, scrub, jungle or forest or seashore in
the area.
5. A care study of pollution in the area.
6. Submission of practical record and field trib-report.
b. Medical Laboratory techniques
1. Using laboratory equipments such as: Autoclave, Hot air owen, Incubator,
Water bath, Centrifuge, Refrigerator, Microscopes, Colorimeter, pH meter,
Haemoglobinometer, Kymograph Unit, Microtomes, Balances.
2. Preparation of various reagents and fixatives
3. Qualitative estimation of sugar and urine
26. 26
4. Histological techniques: Preparation of Biological materials – fixing,
embedding, sectioning, staining and mounting – vial staining.
5. Knowledge of Blood pressure apparatus, stethoscope and such other medical
apparatus
6. Certified Laboratory Record to be submitted
MODEL QUESTION PAPERS
27. 27
For Candidates admitted from (2007 – 2008)
(Non-semester – First Year)
B.Sc. Degree Examination
Core Course – Main
Branch VI – Zoology (PRIDE)
Paper I – INVERTEBRATA
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
Passing Minimum : 40 marks
Draw Diagrams wherever necessary
Sectopm A – 10 x 2 = 20 Marks
Answer All Questions
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
Each Answer should not exceed 50 words.
Explain the following
1. Alternation of generation
My;lu;Ned; Mg; n[dNud;
2. Parenchymula larga
Ngud;ifKyh yhu;th
3. Polymorphism
ghypkhu;gprk;
4. Comb plates
28. 28
Nfhk;G gpNsl;];
5. Miracidum larva
kpuhrpbak; yhu;th
6. Wuchereria bancrof
Cr;rNurpah ghd;fpuhg;b
7. Parapodium
NguNghbak;
8. Sponging type of mouthparts
];ghd;[pq; khjpup thAWg;Gfs;
9. Epitaenia
vgpNldpah
10. Sea cucumber
fly; nts;shp
Section B – (5 x 4 = 20 Marks)
Answer any Five questions
All Questions Carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 300 words
11. Briefly explain the structure and life history of Elphidium
vt;gPbaj;jpd; fl;likg;igAk; tho;f;ifr;RoiyAk; RUf;fkhf tptup
12. Give an account of the skeleton in the sponges
];ghd;[{fspy; cs;s ];nftpl;ld;fs; gw;wp xU fl;Liu tiuf
13. Describe the structure of scolex in Tapeworm
ehlhg;GOtpd; ];Nfhyf;]; gw;wp tptup
14. Compare the digestive system of Leech and Nereis
ml;il kw;Wk; ePup]; ,tw;wpd; nrupkhdj; njhFg;ig xg;gpL
15. Write an account of the cephalic appendages of Prawn.
gpuhzpd; nrghypf; mg;ngz;Nl[]; gw;wp xU njhFg;G vOJ
16. Explain the respiratory system in pila
Mg;gps; ej;ijapd; Rthr kz;lyj;ij tptup
17. Draw a neat diagram of T.S. through an arm of a starfish and name the parts
(Description not required)
29. 29
el;rj;jpu kPdpd; FWf;F ntl;Lj; Njhw;iwj;ij glk; Nghl;L
ghfq;fisf; Fwp (tpsf;fk; Njitapy;iy)
Section C (5 x 12 = 60 Marks)
Answer any Five Questions
All Questions Carry equal Marks
Each answer should not exceed 1200 words)
18. Give an account of the various methods of reproduction in protozoa
GNuhl;Nlh Nrhthtpy; gy;NtWgl;l ,dg;ngUf;fq;fs; gw;wp tpthp
19. Give an account of the canal system in the sponges
];ghd;[{fspd; Foha; Xl;l kz;lyk; gw;wp xU njhFg;G jUf
20. Mention the chief characters of the phylum Arthropoda and classify the
phylum upto classes with their distinguishing characters and examples
/igyk; fZf;fhYlypfs; mtw;wpd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfis Fwpg;gpl;L
tFg;Gtiu gpupj;J rpwg;Gg; gz;Gfis vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld;
tifg;gLj;Jf
21. Write an essay on the economic importance of insects
g+r;rpfspd; nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp xU fl;Liu tiuf
22. Write an essay on the economic importance of mollusca
nky;Ylypfspd; nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp xU fl;Liu tiuf
23. Mention the chief characters the phylum Echinodermata and classify upto
classes with their distinguishing characters and examples
/igyk; Kl;NjhYlypfspd; gz;Gfis Fwpg;gpl;L tFg;G tiu gpupj;J
rpwg;Gg; gz;Gfis vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; tifg;gLj;Jf
24. Give an account of the morphology and affinities of Limulus
ypKy]pd; Gwj;Njhw;w mikg;igAk; mtw;wpd; rpwg;gpay;GfisAk; tptup
30. 30
For candidates admitted from (2007-08)
Non-Semester – Second Year
B.Sc. Degree Examination
Core Course – Main
Branch VI – Zoology (PRIDE)
Paper II – Chordata
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
Passing Minimum : 40 marks
Draw diagrams wherever necessary
Section A (10 x 2 = 20 marks)
Answer All Questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 50 words
Explain the following
1. Placoid Scale - gpsfha;L nrjpy;
2. Heterrcercal fin - nl;bNuh nrh;fy; nrjpy;
3. Gill Maker - nrTs; Nuf;fh;
4. Living fossil - thOk; ghrpy;
5. Apodes - mg;Nghlhf;fs;
6. Viviparity - tptpghhpl;b
7. Fishery by products - kPd;Jizg; nghUl;fs;
8. Quill feather - gwf;fg;gad;gLk; ,wF
31. 31
9. Syrinx - xypg; ngl;b
10. Dental formula - gy; mikg;GKiw
Section B (5 x 4 = 20 marks)
Answer any Five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 300 words
11. Discuss the affinities of Balanoglossus
gyNdhfpshrpd; gw;Wjy;fis tpthjp
12. Give an account of air bladder in fishes
kPd;fspd; fhw;Wg;igapidg; gw;wp xU njhFg;Gj; jUf
13. Discuss the adaptations of amphibian for living on land and water
epyk; kw;Wk; ePhpy; tho Mk;gpgpahf;fspd; jftikg;Gf;fis tpthjp
14. Write an account of poisonous snakes of South India
njd; ,e;jpa er;R ghk;Gfisg; gw;wp xU njhFg;G vOJ
15. Describe the origin of flight
gwj;jypd; Njhw;wk; gw;wp tpthp
16. Write an account of biology and distribution of prototheria
GNuhl;NlhjPhpahtpd; caphpay; kw;Wk; guT epiy gw;wp xU njhFg;G vOJ
Describe aquatic mammals and their adaptations.
ePh;g;ghY}l;bfs; kw;Wk; mitfspd; jftikg;Gf;fis tpthp
Section C ( 5 x 12 = 60 marks)
Answer any five questions.
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 1,200 words
17. Write an essay on the migration of birds
gwitfspd; tyir Nghjy; gw;wp xU fl;Liu vOJf
18. Classify reptilian upto the order, giving diagnostic features and examples
Fzhjpraq;fs; kw;Wk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf;fSld; Ch;tdtw;iw tifg;
gLj;jTk;
32. 32
19. Write an account of the adaptive radiation in mammals
ghY}l;bfspd; jftikg;G tphpT gw;wp xU njhFg;G vOJ
or
20. Discuss the evolutionary significance of respiratory organs of vertebrates
KJnfYk;gpfspd; Rthr cWg;Gf;fspd; ghpzhkKf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpthjp
21. Write an account of parental care in Amphibia
ePh; epy tho;tdtw;wpd; ngw;Nwhh; mutizg;Gg; gw;wp xU njhFg;G vOJ
or
22. Describe how the birds are adapted to Aerial mode of life
gwitfs; mjd; gwf;Fk; ,ay;Gf;F Vw;g vt;thW xj;Js;sJ vd;gij
njhpTgLj;J
23. Compare the pactoral girdle of an amphibian, reptile and a bird
jto;td> Cu;td kw;Wk; gwg;gd Mfpatw;wpd; Njhy;gl;il vYk;Gfis
(pectoral girdle) xUikgLj;J
33. 33
(For Candidates admitted from 2007 – 2008)
Non-Semester – Third Year
B.Sc. Degree Examination
Core Course – Main
Branch VI – Zoology – (PRIDE)
Paper III – Cell Biology and Genetics
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
Section A – (10 x 2 = 20 marks)
Answer All Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 50 words
Explain the following
1. Homagenizer - jpR miug;ghd;
2. Nuclear envelope - cl;fU ciw
3. Formaldehyde - /ghh;khy;bi`L
4. Cell cycle - nry; Row;rp
5. Nitrous oxide - iel;u]; Mf;irL
6. Test cross - Nrhjidf; fyg;G
7. Three point test cross - %d;W Gs;sp Nrhjidf; fyg;G
8. Maternal inheritance - jha;top kuG
9. Lysogeny - iyNrhn[dp
34. 34
10. Plasmid vector - gpsh];kpL ntf;lhh;
Section B (5 x 4 = 20 marks)
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 300 words
11. Write an account on vital staining
caph; epwNkw;wk; Fwpj;J njhFg;G vOJf
12. What is the role of Golgi apparatus – in secretion?
Ruj;jypy; Nfhy;if njhFg;gpd; gq;F ahJ?
13. Enumerate the features of cancer cells
Gw;W Neha; nry;fspd; gz;Gfis thpirg; gLj;Jf
14. Compare Mitosis and Meiosis
ikl;Nlhrp];;;;;;;;;;;;;> ikNahrp]; - ,tw;iw xg;gpLf
15. Write about interaction among complementary genes
xj;J nray;gLk; [Pd;fs; vt;thW nray;gLfpd;wd vd;W vOJf
16. Write the genetic significance of heterosis
fyg;Gaphp Nkd;ikapd; kugpay; rpwg;Gfis vOJf
17. Write an account on Down’s syndrome
lTd; Neha;f; FwpaPL gw;wp njhFg;G vOJf
Section C – (5 x 12 = 60 marks)
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 1200 words
18. Write an account on cell fractionation and isolation of cellular components
nry; gpsg;G kw;Wk; nry; cWg;Gfisg; gphpj;jy; gw;wp xU njhFg;G vOJf
19. Write an account on the origin, structure and functions of Ribosomes
iuNghNrhk;fspd; Njhw;wk;> mikg;G> nray; gw;wp njhFg;G vOJf
20. Draw and describe giant chromosomes
G+jhfhu FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; glk; tiue;J tpthpf;f
21. Describe multiple allelism with suitable examples
35. 35
jf;f vLj;Jf; fhl;LfSld; gy; $l;L [Pd;fis tpthpf;f
22. Write an account on sex – linked inheritance
ghypay; gpize;j kuG top gw;wp njhFg;G vOJf
23. Describe the genetics of conjugation in bacteria
ghf;Bhpahtpy; ,izjypd; kugpaiy tpthpf;f
24. Describe Structure and function of Mitochondria
ikl;Nlh fhd;Bhpahtpd; mikg;Gk; kw;Wk; nraypaiyAk; tpthpf;f
For Candidates admitted from 2007 – 2008
Non-Semester – Third year
B.Sc. Degree Examination
Core Course – Main
Branch VI – Zoology (PRIDE)
Paper IV: Developmental Biology and Immunology
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
Miminim passing: 40 marks
Section A – 10 x 2 = 20 Marks
Answer All Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 50 words
Explain the following
1. Germ plasm theory - n[u;k;gpshrk; Nfhl;ghL
2. Middle piece - ,ilg; gFjp
3. Grey crescent - rhk;gy; gpiw
4. Radial cleavage - Mug; gpsT
5. Involution - cs; CLUty;
6. Neuropore - euk;Gj; Jis
7. Primary organ rudiments - Kjy;epiy cWg;ghf;fg; gFjpfs;
8. Head fold - jiy kbg;G
9. Induced ovulation - J}z;lg;gl;L Kl;ilapLjy;
36. 36
10. Thelytoky - njypNlhf;fp
Section B – (5x4 = 20 marks)
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 300 words
11. Compare mosaic and regulative theories
nkhirf; nuFNyl;bt; Nfhl;ghLfis xg;gpLf
12. Describe the development of aerosome in sperm
tpe;jZtpd; mf;NuhNrhk; Njhw;wj;ij tptupf;f
13. Write about the physiological activation of ovum
mz;lj;jpy; nraypay; J}z;Ljy; vt;tpjk; epfo;fpwJ?
14. Describe polarity in relation to egg cytoplasm
mz;l irl;Nlhgpshrj;jpy; JUtg;Nghf;fpid tptupf;f
15. Describe mesoderm formation in chick
Nfhopapd; fUtpy; ,il mLf;fpd; (eLg;gilapd;) Njhw;wj;ij tptupf;f
16. Write an account on notogenesis
KJF ehz; Njhw;wj;ijg;gw;wp njhFg;G vOJf
17. Describe how the primary brain divisions are laid
%isapd; Kjy;epiyg; gpupTfs; vt;thW Njhd;Wfpd;wd vd;W tpthpf;f
Section C (5 x 12 = 60 Marks)
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 1200 words
18. Write an account on Parthenogenesis
fd;dp ,dg;ngUf;fk; gw;wp njhFg;G vOJf
19. Write an account on egg membranes
mz;l rt;Tfisg; gw;wp njhFg;G vOJf
20. Discuss the influence of yolk on cleavage
gpstpg; ngUfypy; fU cztpd; jhf;fj;ij tpthjpf;f
37. 37
21. Describe gastrulating in chick
Nfhopapy; ,Ugil fUf;Nfhshf;fj;ij tptupf;f
22. Describe development of Eye in chick
Nfhopapy; fz; Njhw;wj;ij tptupf;f
23. Write an account on placentation in mammals
ghY}l;bfspd; jha;-Nra; ,izg;G gw;wp njhFg;G vOJf
24. Write an account on Antigen – Antibody Reaction
Md;b[d; - Md;bghb vjpu;tpid gw;wp xU fl;Liu vOJf
(For Candidates admitted from 2007 – 2008)
Non-Semester – Third Year
B.Sc. Degree Examination
Core Course – Main
Branch VI - Zoology (PRIDE)
Paper V – Biochemistry & Animal Physiology
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
Section A: (10 x 2 = 20)
Answer All Questions
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
Each answer should not exceed 50 words
1. Antisterility vitamin - Mz;kyL ePf;f itl;lkpd;
2. Transamination - (buhd;]kpNdd;)
3. Active transport - (nray; kpF flj;jy;)
4. ADH - (V.b.vr;)
5. Schwann cell - (Rthd; nry;)
6. Action potential - (Mf;rd; nghl;ld;rpay;)
7. Reflex action - (mdpr;ir nray;)
8. Adrenal medulla - (ml;hpdy; nkLy;yh)
9. Color vision - (epwg;ghh;it)
10. Fire fly - (kpd;kpdpg; g+r;rp)
38. 38
Section B ( 5 x 4 = 20)
11. Explain in detail krelis ornithene cycle
(fpnug;]; Mhpdpj;ijd; Row;rpia tpthp)
12. Give an account of Iso enzymes
(INrhvd;irk;]; gw;wp tpth)
13. Explain physiology of alesoeption
(cl;fpufpj;jiy tpthp)
14. Describe the structure of different respiratory pigments
Rthr epwkpfspd; mikg;ig tpthp
15. Describe ECG
ECG I tpthp
16. Describe the structure of mammalian kidney
ghY}l;bfspd; rpWePuf mikg;ig tpthp
17. Consider human internal ear as an equilibrium recepilor.
kdpjdpd; cl;nrtpia rkepiy czh;T thq;fpahff; fUJjy; vq;qdk;
Section C ( 5 x 12 = 60)
Answer Five Questions
18. Give an account of the structure of proteins
(Gujq;fspd; mikg;ig tpthp)
19. Explain the mechanism of enzyme action
vd;irkpfspd; ,af;fq;fis mtw;;wpd; Nfhl;ghLfSld; tpthp
20. Describe the digestion of carbohydrates in the different parts of alimentary canal
(fhh;Nghi`bNul;Lfspd; [Puzk; [Puzkz;lyj;jpd; ntt;NtW ghfq;fspy;
elf;Fk; Kiwfis tpthp)
21. Write an account on the composition & functions of blood
(,uj;jj;jpd; CL nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; nray;gw;wp Xh; njhFg;G vOJf)
22. Discuss the different theories related to muscle contraction
jir RUf;fj;ij tpsf;f cs;s gy;NtW Nfhl;ghLfis tpsf;Ff
23. Describe the properties of nerve impulse. Explain how it is transmitted through
synapse.
39. 39
euk;G J}z;lypd; gz;Gfis tpthp. rpdhrpg;rp]; %yk; euk;G J}z;ly;
flj;jg;gLtij tpthpj;J vOJ.
24. Give an account of the structure & functions of thyroid. Add a note on the
feedback mechanism in hormone action.
ijuha;L Rug;gpapd; mikg;G kw;Wk; gzpapid njhFj;J vOJf.
`hh;Nkhd; nray;fspy; J}z;bj;jLf;Fk; (feed back) nray;ghl;il Fwpj;J
vOJf.
For candidates admitted from 2007 – 2008
(Non-semester – Third year)
B.Sc., Degree Examination
Core Course – Main
Branch VI – Zoology (PRIDE)
Paper VI – Environmental Biology and Evoluation
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
Section A – (10 x 2 = 20 marks)
Answer All Questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 50 words
Write notes on the following:
1. Biogeochemical cycle
Caph;-kz;-Ntjpapaw; Row;rp
2. Parasitism
Xl;Lz;zpj;jj;Jtk;
3. Division of labour
Ntiyg; gq;fPL
4. Mortality
,wg;G tpfpjk;
5. Lithsphere
ypj;Njh];gpah;
40. 40
6. Pelagic
kpjit caphpfs;
7. Chipko movement
rpg;Nfh ,af;fk;
8. Fossils
Gij gbtq;fs;
9. Parrad Evolution
,izg; ghpzhkk;
10. Batesian mimicry
NgBrpad; kpkpf;hp
Section B (5 x 4 = 20 marks)
11. Consider water as a limiting factor
ePh; Xh; kl;Lg;gLj;Jk; fhuzpahff; fUJtJ vq;qdk;
12. Explain pond as an ecosystem
Fsk; xU #o;epiy kz;lyk; vd;gij tpthp
13. Gove an account on wildlife sanctuaries in India
,e;jpahtpYs;s tdtpyq;F ruzhyak; gw;wp tpthp
14. Explain the theories of lamarek
nykhh;f;fpd; Nfhl;ghLfis tpthp
15. Discuss about mimicry and evolution
ghpzhkj;jpy; mDfuzj;jpd; gq;fpid tpthp
16. Give an account on dating of fossils
Gijgbtq;fspd; taij fzf;fpLk; Kiwfis tpthp
17. Write about Bird migration
gwitfspd; tyirNghjy; gw;wp vOJf
Section C (5 x 12 = 60 marks)
Answer five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 1,200 words
18. Explain the biogeochemical cycles with special reference to nitrogen
41. 41
caph;kz; Ntjpapy; Row;rpapy; iel;u[dpd; gq;if tpthp
19. Write an account on the salient features of community ecology
caph;r; rKjhaj; njhFg;gpd; gz;Gfs; Fwpj;J njhFg;G vOJf
20. Discuss the characteristics and divisions of the marine biome.
fly; rKjhaj; njhFjpapd; gz;Gfs;> gphpTfis tpthjpf;f
21. Discuss in detail about water pollution
ePh;epiyfs; khRgLjy; Fwpj;J tpthjp
22. Give an account on origin of life
Caph;Njhw;wj;jpidg; gw;wp xU fl;Liu tiuf
23. Write in detail about geological time scale
Gtpapay; fhy ml;ltiziag; gw;wp tpthp
24. Give an account on evolution of man add a note on cultural evolution
kdpjdpd; ghpzhkj;ijAk;> mtdpd; gz;ghl;L ghpzhkj;ijAk; tpsf;Ff.
42. 42
(For Candidates admitted from 2007- 2008)
(Non-Semester – Third year)
B.Sc. Degree Examination
Core Course – Main
Branch VI – Zoology (PRIDE)
Paper VII - Medical Laboratory Techniques
Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks
Passing minimum: 40 marks
Draw diagrams wherever necessary
Section A – (10 x 2 = 20 marks)
Answer All Questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 50 words
Explain the following
1. Principle of centrifuge
ika tpyf;F ,ae;jpuj;jpd; nfhs;if
2. Uses of autoclave
jw;fydpd; gad;fs;
3. Molar solution
Nkhyhh; fiury;
43. 43
4. Reticulocytes
nul;bFNyhirl;fs;
5. Serum and plasma
rPuk; kw;Wk; gpsh];kh
6. Leishman stain
yP];kd; rhak;
7. Haematocrit
`PNkhfphpl;
8. Intermediate host
,ilepiy tpUe;Njhk;gp
9. Ancylostomiasis
Mq;ifNuh ];Nlhkpahrp];
10. Rhabditiform larva
uhg;bl;bghk; yhu;thf;fs;
Section B (5 x 4 = 20 marks)
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 300 words
11. Describe the principle of operation and uses of haemocytometer
`{Nkhpirl;NlhkPl;lhpd; nray;Kiwf;fhd nfhs;if kw;Wk; gad;fis
tpthp
12. Water are the principal components of a microscope? Explain
Ez;Nzhf;fpapd; Kjd;ik ghfq;fs; ahit? tpsf;F
13. Write short notes on the operation of BP apparatus
,uj;j mOj;jf; fUtpapd; nray;Kiwiag; gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G vOJf
14. Explain the one stage prothrombin time test to measure the extrinsic pathway of
coagulation
,uj;jk; ciwjy; gbepiyfis mstplf;$ba xUgb GNuhjpuhk;gpd; fhy
Nrhjidia tpsf;Ff?
Write an account on the microscopic examination of stool
44. 44
kyj;ij Ez;Nzhf;fpahy; Nrhjpj;J fz;lwptij njhFj;J vOJ
15. Write an account on bone marrow examination ?
vOk;G k[;i[ Nrhjid gw;wp xU njhFg;G vOJf
16. What discuses are caused by Wuchereria and Trichuris? How will you diagnose
them?
Tr;rhPhpah kw;Wk; biuf;Ahp]; Vw;gLj;Jk; Neha;fs; ahit? mtw;iw
vt;thW fz;lwptha;?
Section C (5x12 = 60 marks)
Answer five questions
All questions carry equal marks
Each answer should not exceed 1,200 words
17. Explain colorimeter and pH meter and add a note on their functions
fNyhhpkPl;lh; kw;Wk; gpn`r; kPl;liu tpsf;F. mjd; nray;ghLfisg; gw;wp
Fwpg;gpL
18. Explain the methods of sterilizing and cleaning glass ware’s
fz;zhbf; fyd;fis – Ez;Zapuopj;jy; kw;Wk; Rj;jk; nra;Ak;
Kiwfis tpsf;F
19. Explain Haemocytometry
`PNkhirl;Nlhnkl;hpia tpthp
20. Write an account on the organized elements of urine
rpWePhpd; xKq;FgLj;jg;gl;l nghUl;fs; gw;wp njhFg;G vOJf
21. Explain how adult worms in faeces can be identified?
kyj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; KJ GOf;fis milahsk; fhz;gJ vt;thW
vd;gij tpsf;Ff
22. Explain sperm count and sperm motility
tpe;jZf;fs; vz;zy; kw;Wk; tpe;jZ efh;;r;rp Mfpatw;iw tpthp
23. Write an account on medical lab administration, management and personal care.
kUj;Jt Nrhjidr; rhiy eph;thfk;> Nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l
mf;fiw Mfpad gw;wp njhFj;njOJf.
45. 45
(For the candidates admitted from 2007-2008)
B.Sc. Degree Examination
Non-Semester – III Year
Branch VI – Zoology
Paper VIII : Application oriented subjection (AOS)
Sericulture
Time 3 hrs Maximum : 100 marks
Section A – (10 x 2 = 20 marks)
Answer All Questions
All questions carry equal marks
1. Lepidoptera
nygplhg;gpNu
2. Tasar silkworm moth
lrhh; gl;Lg;g+r;rp
3. Whole shoot harvest
KO jz;L mWtil
4. Patch budding
xl;L jsph; tply;
5. Chauki rearing
rhf;fp tsh;G Kiw
6. Muscardine
46. 46
k];fhh;ild;
7. Acid treatment
mkpy bhPl;nkz;l;
8. Re-reeling
hP hPypq;
9. Stiffling
];b/g;ypq;
10. Cold storage
Fsph;gjd Nrkpg;G
Section – B (5 x 4 = 20 marks)
Answer any five questions
11. What are the new micropropagation methods followed in moriculture
ky;ghp tsh;g;gp;y; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; Gjpa Ez; tsh;Fiwfs; ahit
12. Write a brief account on the life cycle of a silkworm
gl;Lg;GOtpd; tho;f;ifr; Row;r;rpiag; gw;wp RUf;fkhf vOJ
13. How do you disinfect the rearing house of silkworm
gl;Lg;GO tsh;g;gplj;ij vt;thW Rj;jpfhpg;gha;
14. Write a short account on polyhedrosis diseases
ghyp n`l;Nuhrp]; Neha;fs; gw;wp rpW njhFg;G vOJf
15. How do you preserve and store the seed cocoons
gl;Lg;GO tpijf; $Lfis vt;tpjk; ghJfhg;gha;?
16. What are methods adopted for artificial hatching
nraw;if Kiwapy; gl;Lg;g+r;rp Kl;ilfis nghwpf;Fk; Kiwfis
tpsf;Ff
17. Explain the process of stifling in cocoon reeling
gl;L E}w;gpy; ];bg;ypq;fpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Ff.
Section C (5 x 12 = 60 marks)
Answer any FIVE Questions
47. 47
18. Write down the vegetative propagation of mulberry
ky;ghpapd; jhtu guty; gw;wp vOJf
19. Explain the different species of silkworm available in India
,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gLk; gl;Lg;GOtpd; gytpj ,dj;ijg; gw;wp tpthp
20. Explain the techniques of silkworm rearing
gl;Lg;GO tsg;g;gpy; fhzg;gLk; njhopy; El;g Kiwfis tpthp.
21. Write in detal about bactgerial and fungal diseases of silkworms and its control
measures.
ghf;Bhpay;> g+Q;irf;fhshdhy; gl;Lg; GOtpw;F Vw;gLk; Neha;fisAk;
jLf;Fk; KiwfisAk; tpthp
22. Explain the different methods of reeling of silk
gl;LE}w;gpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gy;NtW Kiwfisg;gw;wp tpsf;Ff.
23. What are the selection criteria for mulberry garden? Add a note on soil samples
and soil testings.
ky;ghp Njhl;lj;ij vt;thW Njh;T nra;a Ntz;Lk;. kz;khjphp kw;Wk; kz;
Nrhjiffs; gw;wp xU Fwpg;G Nrh;
24. Give an account on the byproducts of silk reeling
gl;L E}w;gpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; Jizg;nghUs;fis tpthp.