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SYMPATHOLYTICS
(Dr. FOUZIA)
CLASSIFICATION OF β-BLOCKERS
According to receptor selectivity
1-Non-selective-(β1 + β2)
Propranolol
Timolol
2- Selective-(β1)
Atenolol
Metoprolol
α and β mixed
Labetalol and Carvedilol
3/11/2023 ANS 2
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Heart :
↓ Force of contraction
↓ Heart rate
↓ Cardiac output
↓ Blood pressure
Lungs:
Bronchoconstriction
3/11/2023 ANS 3
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS
Skeletal muscle
Inhibits tremor related with anxiety
↓ exercise capacity
Metabolic effect
1- Hyperlipidemia
2- Hypoglycemia
Eye
↓ intraocular pressure by ↓ the secretion of aqueous humor
3/11/2023 ANS 4
CLINICAL INDICATIONS OF β-BLOCKERS
CARDIAC USES :
Hypertension
Angina Pectoris
Myocardial infraction
Supraventricular arrhythmias
Chronic Congestive Cardiac failure
3/11/2023 ANS 5
CLINICAL INDICATIONS OF β-BLOCKERS
NON-CARDIAC USES :
Glaucoma
Anxiety
Migraine
Essential tremors
Thyrotoxicosis
Pheochromocytoma
Alcohol or opioids withdrawal symptoms
Portal hypertension
3/11/2023 ANS 6
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF β-BLOCKERS
Cardiac arrhythmias
Sexual impairment
Metabolic disturbances
Hypoglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Bronchoconstriction
Lethargy
Fatigue
Weakness
3/11/2023 ANS 7
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF β-BLOCKERS
Depression
Dizziness
Visual disturbances
Hallucinations
Short-term memory loss
Emotional liability
Vivid dreams
3/11/2023 ANS 8
CONTRAINDICATIONS OF β-BLOCKERS
Asthma
Heart block
Acute heart failure
Diabetes
Peripheral vascular disease
3/11/2023 ANS 9
CLASSIFICATION OF α-BLOCKERS
BASED ON RECEPTOR SELECTIVITY:
A- SELECTIVE (α1)
Prazosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
Tamsulosin
C- NON-SELECTIVE (α1, α2 )
Phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine
3/11/2023 ANS 10
PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF α-BLOCKERS
A-CVS:
1-Hypotension
2-Tachycardia
EYES AND NOSE
1-Nasal Congestion
2-Miosis
THERAPEUTIC USES OF α-BLOCKERS
1-Pheochromocytoma
2-Chronic hypertension
3-Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
4- Peripheral vascular disease
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF α-BLOCKERS
1-Orthostatic hypotension
First dose syncope or First dose effect (Prazosin)
2-Tachycardia
3-Nasal Congestion
4-Inhibition of ejaculation

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BScN Sympatholytics.pptx

  • 2. CLASSIFICATION OF β-BLOCKERS According to receptor selectivity 1-Non-selective-(β1 + β2) Propranolol Timolol 2- Selective-(β1) Atenolol Metoprolol α and β mixed Labetalol and Carvedilol 3/11/2023 ANS 2
  • 3. PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS Heart : ↓ Force of contraction ↓ Heart rate ↓ Cardiac output ↓ Blood pressure Lungs: Bronchoconstriction 3/11/2023 ANS 3
  • 4. PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS Skeletal muscle Inhibits tremor related with anxiety ↓ exercise capacity Metabolic effect 1- Hyperlipidemia 2- Hypoglycemia Eye ↓ intraocular pressure by ↓ the secretion of aqueous humor 3/11/2023 ANS 4
  • 5. CLINICAL INDICATIONS OF β-BLOCKERS CARDIAC USES : Hypertension Angina Pectoris Myocardial infraction Supraventricular arrhythmias Chronic Congestive Cardiac failure 3/11/2023 ANS 5
  • 6. CLINICAL INDICATIONS OF β-BLOCKERS NON-CARDIAC USES : Glaucoma Anxiety Migraine Essential tremors Thyrotoxicosis Pheochromocytoma Alcohol or opioids withdrawal symptoms Portal hypertension 3/11/2023 ANS 6
  • 7. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF β-BLOCKERS Cardiac arrhythmias Sexual impairment Metabolic disturbances Hypoglycemia Hyperlipidemia Bronchoconstriction Lethargy Fatigue Weakness 3/11/2023 ANS 7
  • 8. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF β-BLOCKERS Depression Dizziness Visual disturbances Hallucinations Short-term memory loss Emotional liability Vivid dreams 3/11/2023 ANS 8
  • 9. CONTRAINDICATIONS OF β-BLOCKERS Asthma Heart block Acute heart failure Diabetes Peripheral vascular disease 3/11/2023 ANS 9
  • 10. CLASSIFICATION OF α-BLOCKERS BASED ON RECEPTOR SELECTIVITY: A- SELECTIVE (α1) Prazosin Terazosin Doxazosin Tamsulosin C- NON-SELECTIVE (α1, α2 ) Phentolamine Phenoxybenzamine 3/11/2023 ANS 10
  • 11. PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF α-BLOCKERS A-CVS: 1-Hypotension 2-Tachycardia EYES AND NOSE 1-Nasal Congestion 2-Miosis
  • 12. THERAPEUTIC USES OF α-BLOCKERS 1-Pheochromocytoma 2-Chronic hypertension 3-Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) 4- Peripheral vascular disease
  • 13. ADVERSE EFFECTS OF α-BLOCKERS 1-Orthostatic hypotension First dose syncope or First dose effect (Prazosin) 2-Tachycardia 3-Nasal Congestion 4-Inhibition of ejaculation

Editor's Notes

  1. It is a tumor of the adrenal medulla or sympathetic Ganglion cells. It secretes catecholamines, especially NE and EPI