Brazil is a federative republic located in South America. The capital was moved from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia in 1960 to encourage population growth inland. Brazil has a hot desert climate well-suited to crops like sugarcane, coffee, and tropical fruits. The Brazilian flag features green and yellow colors, the official language is Portuguese, and the currency is the real. With a population over 200 million, Brazil is home to attractions like the Amazon Rainforest, Christ the Redeemer statue, and famous Maracanã Stadium for football matches.