2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
13. การประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมฟาร์มและเทคโนโลยีการควบคุมอัตโนมัติระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 4
24 - 25 พฤศจิกายน 2560 โรงแรมวีวิช อำ�เภอเมือง จังหวัดขอนแก่น
3
Bioremediation of Chlorinated Paraffin by Acinetobacter baylyi GFJ2: Effect of
n-Alkane and Natural Organic Substance
การบาบัดทางชีวภาพของสารคลอริเนตพาราฟิ น โดยแบคทีเรีย
Acinetobacter baylyi GFJ2: ผลชองสารแอลเคนและกรดอินทรีย์
Saowaluk Krainara1,2, Eakalak Khan3, Benjaphon Suraraksa4,
and Alisa S. Vangnai2,5*
1International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University,
Bangkok 10330, Thailand
2Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, USA
4Excellent Center of Waste Utilization and Management, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC),
National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), KMUTT, Bang Khun Thian, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
5Biocatalyst and Environmental Biotechnology Research unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science,
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
*corresponding author: alisa.v@chula.ac.th, tel 02-2185430
บทคัดย่อ
การรีไซเคิลกากตะกอนจากระบบบาบัดน้าเสียสู่พื้นที่เกษตรกรรมเป็นวิธีการทางเลือกต่อการจัดการกาก
ตะกอน อย่างไรก็ตามกิจกรรมดังกล่าวเป็นปัญหาที่มีความสาคัญต่อสิ่งแวดล้อม เนื่องจากมีการปนเปื้อนสารมลพิษ
คลอริเนตพาราฟินถูกจัดเป็นสารอันตรายใหม่ที่ปนเปื้อนในกากตะกอน มีความเสี่ยงต่อสิ่งมีชิวิต จุลินทรีย์ และพืช
ในดิน เทคโนโลยีที่เป็นมิตรต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมจึงมีความต้องการในการประยุกต์ใช้เพื่อการบาบัดและฟื้นฟูสารคลอริ-
เนตพาราฟิน เพื่อการยอมรับทางสาธารณชน และการเกษตรกรรมอย่างยั่งยืน การบาบัดด้วยวิธีทางชีวภาพโดย
แบคทีเรียสายพันธุ์ Acinetobacter baylyi GFJ2 จึงถูกเลือกเพื่อการบาบัด ในเบื้องต้นสายพันธุ์นี้มีความสามารถใน
การเจริญบนสารคลอริเนตพาราฟิน ตั้งแต่ความยาวสายโซ่คาร์บอน 10-22 อะตอม ณ ความเข้มข้น 100 มิลลิกรัม
ต่อลิตร อย่างไรก็ตามการใช้เครื่องจักรกลทางการเกษตรส่งผลต่อการปล่อยสารปิโตรเลียมไฮโดรคาร์บอนในพื้นที่
และการหลั่งสารอินทรีย์ธรรมชาติจากรากพืช อาจส่งผลรบกวนต่อการบาบัดทางชีวภาพ ในบทความนี้จึงมุ่งหวัง
เพื่อศึกษาการย่อยสลายทางชีวภาพของสารคลอริเนตพาราฟินสายยาว และประเมินผลกระทบของสารอินทรีย์อื่น
ต่อการย่อยสลายชีวภาพสารคลอริเนตพาราฟิน แบคทีเรียนี้สามารถย่อยสลายสารคลอโรออกตะเดกเคน ซึ่งเป็น
สารตัวแทนของการศึกษา โดยพบว่า เมื่อใช้เซลล์ที่กระตุ้นด้วยสารแอลเคนสามารถย่อยสลายสารคลอริเนต
พาราฟินได้มากกว่า 60% ภายในเวลา 12 ชั่วโมง ผลการทดลองบ่งชี้ให้ว่ากลไกการออกซิเดชั่นสารคลอริเนต
พาราฟิน มีความเกี่ยวข้องกับสารแอลเคน ซึ่งช่วยกระตุ้นเอนไซม์ที่อาศยการเหนี่ยวนาในปฏิกริยาการย่อยสลาย
แอลเคน นอกจากนั้นพบว่า กรดซิตริก กรดไพรูวิก และกรดซักซินิก ไม่ยับยั้งกิจกรรมการย่อยสลายของแบคทีเรีย
ดังนั้นแบคทีเรีย A. baylyi GFJ2 จึงมีศักยภาพในการประยุกต์ใช้ในเทคโนโลยีฟื้นฟูที่มีการเติมจุลินทรีย์สู่พื้นที่
บาบัด ช่วยเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพการย่อยสลายสารอันตรายภายใต้สภาวะที่มีสารปนเปื้อนอื่นในพื้นที่ดินเกษตร
คาหลัก: แอลเคน; A. baylyi GFJ2; การบาบัดทางชีวภาพ; คลอริเนตพาราฟิน
14. การประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมฟาร์มและเทคโนโลยีการควบคุมอัตโนมัติระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 4
24 - 25 พฤศจิกายน 2560 โรงแรมวีวิช อำ�เภอเมือง จังหวัดขอนแก่น
4
Abstract
Recycling sewage sludge to biosolid for agricultural area utilization is the promising alternative for
sludge management. Nevertheless, the in-situ application of residual solids leads to environmental concern
due to the presence of xenobiotic compounds. Chlorinate paraffins (CPs) are the emerging persistent
compounds in sewage sludge-amended agricultural soil showing potential risk to soil organisms, soil
microbes and plants in farmland. Bioremediation is one of the proposed eco-friendly technologies for
remediating contaminated sites showing great public acceptance. Aerobic CPs bioremediation by
Acinetobacter baylyi strain GFJ2 was reported in this study. This strain is capable of utilizing a wide range
of CPs (C10-C22) as sole source of carbon and energy. However, agricultural machine usage potentially
release petroleum hydrocarbon compounds especially n- alkanes which may interfere CPs oxidation.
Additionally, natural organic substances commonly found in agricultural area may affect bacterial activity.
Accordingly, in this paper, we focused on biodegradation of long chain CP and the influence of
environmental organic compounds on CPs metabolism. The results showed that alkane-acclimatized cell
cultures A. baylyi GFJ2 was capable of degrading a wide range of CPs (C10-C20) up to 60% when provided
at initial concentration of 100 mg L-1 of CPs. The result also showed that the presence of alkane enhances
CPs oxidation and suggested that alkane inducible enzyme is involved in the CPs oxidation mechanism.
The presence of organic compounds which are citric, pyruvic and succinic acid did not inhibit microbial
activity. Thus, A. baylyi GFJ2 shows high potential for application as a bioaugmented culture to enhance
CPs treatment under the presence of natural organic compound in agricultural soil.
Keywords: Alkane; A. baylyi GFJ2; Bioremediation; Chlorinate paraffins
1. Introduction
Managing the increasing sewage sludge
(biosolids) quantities generated by industrial
wastewater treatment processes is a major
environmental challenge worldwide [1]. Emerging
eco-friendly technologies of sludge management
are used directly as a soil fertilizer and agricultural
land application. Because they provide nutrients
which are nitrogen, phosphorus and organic acids
as well as organic matters into the soil [2].
Nevertheless, the only drawback in the use of
treated sewage sludge on farmland is contained
organic pollutants including chemical contaminants
that are persisted to sludge.
Chlorinated paraffins ( CPs) have been
produced for use as chemical additives in
agricultural machine lubricants, metal working fluid,
and pesticide [3, 4]. CPs are divided into three
main groups: short- (C10-13), medium- (C14-17)
and long- (C >18) carbon chained groups [5]. The
reported amounts of short chain chlorinated
paraffins in industrial sludge sample were 47-1,740
mg/kg dry weight, while the amount of medium
chain chlorinated paraffins ranged from 0.9-9,700
mg/kg dry weight in digested sludge [2, 4, 6].
Moreover, the amount of long chain chlorinated
paraffins in sewage sludge were 900 to 3,190 µg/
kg dry weight [7]. According to the summary of
reported concentration of these compounds, it
15. การประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมฟาร์มและเทคโนโลยีการควบคุมอัตโนมัติระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 4
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suggested that CPs are emerging organic
contaminant in biosolids [4]. Toxicity of CPs has
reported, they can inhibit activated sludge
respiration [8] and anaerobic bacteria activity [9].
Since CPs-contaminated biosolid are recycled to
farmland they have a potential risk to soil organism
[10], soil microorganism and plant [11].
Sustainable development of agricultural land is
an interesting strategy. Bioremediation is the green
strategy usually applied to remediate contaminated
site. Factors responsible for rapid biodegradation
of contaminant pollutants have been proposed
which are including the transport of target chemical
into the cells, metabolic enzymes for the oxidation
of substance and environmental organic
compounds [ 12] . Interestingly, agricultural area
also contained any substances and mixture of
substances that indirectly applied to the land.
Agricultural machine usage, transportation and
daily life activities of human are released
petroleum hydrocarbon compounds especially n-
alkanes [13]. As natural substances and mostly
roots actively release various type of organic
compounds known as, aliphatic organic acids
which are oxalic, succinic, tartaric, fumaric, malic,
and citric acids occur widely in the farm
environment [14]. Thus, other organic compounds
may interfere enzymatic capabilities involved in
CPs metabolism. This impact can influence the
process of in- situ bioremediation by inhibiting
growth of the pollutant-degrading microorganisms
or enhancing CP biodegradation. Biodegradation
of long chain chlorinated paraffin is still limited. So
far, there were only two studies reporting the
biodegradation of long chain chlorinated paraffin.
The mixed culture of four isolated strains could
degrade long chain chlorinated paraffin by 33%
within 48 hour [15]. While Rhodococcus sp S45-1
was isolated from commercial CPs and able to use
C18-C20 of chlorinated paraffin by 11% of chloride
release within 71 days. [16]. Information on all
these aspects in long chain CPs bioremediation is
limited and scanty.
In the present study, we focused on long chain
chlorinated paraffin and investigated the impacts of
aliphatic organic acid on CP metabolism. The
result of this research may provide significant
information on the removal of long chain
chlorinated paraffins under environmental impact in
agricultural land and remedial strategies
development for contaminated sites.
2. Material and methods
2.1 Microorganism
Acinetobacterbaylyi strain GFJ2 was isolated in
our laboratory from pesticide contaminated soil
samples collected in Thailand.
2.2 Chemicals and media
n- alkane ranging from Nonane ( C9H20) to
tetracontane ( C40H82) , and chlorinated paraffin
( C10- C22) were purchased from Sigma- Aldrich
Canada Ltd. (Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) and
TCI ( Japan) . The cultivation media included
carbon-free. Bushnell medium (BH) was used in
this study [17]. BH medium(pH7.0 ± 0.2) consisting
of (g/L-1
): KHPO4 1, K2HPO4 1, CaCl2 0.02, NH3NO3
1, MgSO4 0.2 and Luria-Bertani (LB) medium (pH
7.0). When supplemented with yeast extract (0.1%,
w/ v) , the medium was designated as modified
minimal medium (BHY). The medium was solidified
with 15 gL-1
of agar for cell cultivation on a medium
agar plate. For n-alkanes and chlorinated paraffins
16. การประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมฟาร์มและเทคโนโลยีการควบคุมอัตโนมัติระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 4
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of defined chain lengths will be referred to by the
number carbon atoms, hexadecane will be referred
to as C16, 1-chlorohexadecane as C16Cl and so
on, throughout the paper.
2.3 Characterization of A. baylyi strain GFJ2 in
liquid medium supplemented with CPs and n-
alkanes
Growth experiment with single carbon source,
1 % of cell starter was inoculated into sterile 100
ml of the medium in 250 Erlenmeyer flasks
supplemented with filtered sterile 100 mg L-1
of
variable chain length of n-alkanes (C10-C40) and
chlorinated paraffins (C10-C22) at 30 °C on a
rotary shaker at 200 rpm.At time interval, a sample
were collected to determine cell growth as cell
optical density at 600 nm using a
spectrophotometer.
2.4 Investigation of effect of substrate analogs
on chlorinated paraffins biodegradation in
resting cells
Resting cell suspension of strain GFJ2 with
supplemented 50 ppm of hexadecane and 1-
chlorohexadecane at 30◦C on a rotary shaker at
250 rpm for 24 h. Cells were harvested and
transferred to 125 ml flask containing 5 mL of
minimal medium supplemented mixed variable
chain length of chlorinated paraffins (C10-C20) and
incubated at 30 °C on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm.
at interval time, the sample was collected and
centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min to obtain cell-
free medium, it was used for the analysis of the
CPs residual was extracted with dichloromethane
and determined by gas chromatography (FID). A
gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionized
detector (model GC-2014, Shimazu) with a DB-5
column (30-m length, 0.32-mm i.d., and 0.25-µm
film thickness) was used. Injection temperature of
300°C, and column flow of 3.0 mL/min. The GC
temperature program started at 100 °C and hold
for 1 min, increased to 300 °C with the rate of
15 °C/min and hold for 2 min. The total run time
was 16.33 min. CPs fraction were determined as
following with retention time with authentic
standard.
2.5 Influence of organic compounds on cell
growth and CP biodegradation
Growth experiments was carried out in 250 mL
Erlenmeyer flasks containing 100 mL of minimal
medium with 0.1% (w/v) of yeast extract as BHY
at 30°C on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm. Growth
dependent of mixture of 1-chlorohexadecane and
different carbon sources were investigated. 1%
( v/ v) bacterial starter was added into liquid
medium. Organic carbon compounds were added
200 mg L-1
of 1-chlorohexadecane (CP) and 5 mM
of different carbon source which referred to citrate,
succinate, acetate, pyruvate, hexadecane. The
concentrations were selected by weight of carbon
composition. Bacterial growth was measured by
cell density (OD600). The amount of the residual
1- chlorohexadecane was measured by the gas
chromatography and a FID detector.
3. Results and discussions
3.1 Growth of A. baylyi strain GFJ2 in liquid
medium supplemented with CPs and n-alkanes
To characterize the ability of strain GFJ2 grown
on alkanes and chlorinated paraffins. The variable
of n-alkanes in ranging C10-C40 and a wide range
of CPs include 1- chlorodecane to 1-
chlorodocosane were selected. Strain GFJ2 was
able to grow on all of these compounds. The
17. การประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมฟาร์มและเทคโนโลยีการควบคุมอัตโนมัติระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 4
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growth rate of strain GFJ2 on the various chain
length of alkanes showed in Fig. 2. Growth rate of
strain GFJ2 on dodecane (C12), octadecane (C18)
and tetracontane (C40) were shown lower than
that on other carbon chain lengths as a sole carbon
source. Previous research reported that other
bacterial strains have ability to utilize long chain
alkanes including Acinetobacter venetianus strain,
6A2, It capable of utilizing n-alkanes ranging in
carbon chain length from C10 to C40 as a sole
carbon source [18] , Acinetobacter sp. M-1 [19] as
well as Acinetobacter sp. ADP1 [20].
Figure 1Growth rate of strain GFJ2 in BH medium
with supplemented with variable chain length of
chlorinated paraffins
In the case of the combination of chlorinated
paraffin from 1-chlorodecane to 1-chlorodocosane
revealed that strain GFJ2 was grown on BH
medium which containing chlorinated paraffins in
each 100 ppm. Since A. baylyi Strain GFJ2 grew
well on chloroalkanes, the result showed that this
strain could growth higher on long chain
chlorinated paraffins.
Figure 2Growth rate of strain GFJ2 in BH medium
with supplemented with variable chain length of
alkanes
Thus, the strain GFJ2 has potential to
remediate long chain chlorinated paraffin in
polluted sites. Moreover, it also has ability to use
petroleum hydrocarbon as well. So, we were
interested in role of alkane substrate on CPs
oxidation.
3.2 Role of substrate analogs on chlorinated
paraffins biodegradation in resting cells
In order to clarify effect of alkane and
chlorinated paraffin induced cell on CPs
degradation. Acinetobacter baylyi GFJ2 is a newly
isolated to degrade medium and long chain n-
alkanes along with chlorinated paraffin. The
induction of whole cell experiment revealed that
the chlorinated paraffin activity of hexadecane-
induced cell resulted in high degradation (Fig. 3).
A.baylyiGFJ2 was able to degrade more than 60%
of each CPs ranging from C10- C22 within 12
hours. This result indicated that an acclimatization
process with alkane, as an induction allowed the
bacteria to acclimatize and induce enzyme
involved in pathway oxidation. This results suggest
that co-metabolism dehalogenation of chlorinated
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
BHY
C10-Cl
C10-2Cl
C12-Cl
C14-Cl
C16-Cl
C18-Cl
C20-Cl
C22-Cl
Growthrate(h-1)
Carbon chain lenght
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
BHY
C10
C12
C14
C16
C18
C20
C22
C24
C26
C30
C32
C36
C40
Growthrate(h-1)
Carbon chain lenght
18. การประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมฟาร์มและเทคโนโลยีการควบคุมอัตโนมัติระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 4
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paraffins was occurred in the presence of n-
hexadecane.
Figure 3 Biodegradation of 100 ppm of chlorinated
paraffins by A. baylyi GFJ2 that was induced with
50 ppm of hexadecane and 1-chlorohexadecane.
The biodegradation is shown as the percentage
of remaining CPs. Alkane-induced cell suspension
showed that alkanes can induce monooxygenases
that also have board substrate specificities and
which are capable of dehalogenation system [15,
21] . This result suggested that co- metabolism
dehalogenation of chlorinated paraffins was
occurred in the presence of n-hexadecane that are
significantly enhanced CPs degradation activity.
The results gave us a message that CPs
metabolism of A. baylyi GFJ2 may have various
possible route of CPs biodegradation mechanisms.
Further analysis, this work aimed to study role of
alkane monooxygenase inside A. baylyi GFJ2
towards CP oxidation.
3.3 Role of environmental organic compounds
on CP biodegradation
Recently, many researches have tried to find
the way to promote growth and the removal
efficiency of chemical substrates. Strain GFJ2 was
able to utilized the following compounds as sole
carbon source in each 5 mM: citrate, succinate,
pyruvate, acetate with 200 ppm of 1-
chlorohexadecane. Degradation efficiency of strain
GFJ2 with organic compounds as pyruvate and
citrate shown higher rate than BHY medium
containing only 1-chlorohexadecane (CP) (Fig. 4).
Figure 4 Growth of strain GFJ2 in cultures with
different organic carbon source in each 5 mM:
citrate, succinate, pyruvate, acetate with 200 ppm
of 1-chlorohexadecane.
Previous research used glucose and acetone
for enhancing the growth of Pseudomonas sp.
strain N35 [ 22] . Succinate was used in MSM
composition to study dehalogenation of
haloalkanes by Rhodococcus erythropolis Y2 [23].
Table 1 Influence of environmental organic
compound on 1-chlorohexadecane biodegradation
Organic
compounds
Growth rate
(h-1)
Total
degradation
(%)
Abiotic 0.17 15
CP 0.18 71.7
CP-Alkane 0.18 98.19
CP-Acetate 0.21 40.47
CP-Pyruvate 0.18 78.86
CP-Citrate 0.14 89.94
CP-Succinate 0.2 44.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
Residualofsubstrate(%)
Chlorinated paraffins 0.000
0.200
0.400
0.600
0.800
1.000
1.200
0 12 24 36 48 60
OD600 Time (h)
Abiotic CP Alkane
CP-Alkane Citrate-CP Succinate-CP
Glucose-CP Pyruvate-CP Acetate-CP
19. การประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมฟาร์มและเทคโนโลยีการควบคุมอัตโนมัติระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 4
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Citrate shown lower growth rate than other
carbon source but it had higher degradation rate
than that other compounds. As succinate and
citrate were a model co-substrates, which were a
common organic component. These organic acids
might be present in water and soil environment.
Therefore, interference of organic acid compounds
which are pyruvic, citric and succinic acid did not
repress cell growth and CP degradation ability of
A. baylyi GFJ2.
4. Conclusion
A. baylyi GFJ2 was an effective bacterial cell to
remediate petroleum hydrocarbons and CPs as
carbon and energy sources. Biodegradation ability
of strain GFJ2 towards chlorinated n- alkanes
required alkane as an inducer for the induction of
enzyme involved in this process. The presence of
organic compounds which are pyruvic acid and
citric acid as well as succinic acid did not inhibit
growth rate and microbial degradation activity.
Accordingly, this strain has potential for CP
remediation in polluted agricultural site.
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24 - 25 พฤศจิกายน 2560 โรงแรมวีวิช อำ�เภอเมือง จังหวัดขอนแก่น
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soil invertebrate ( Enchytraeus crypticus) .
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by wild-type and mutants of Acinetobacter sp.
strain GJ70. Applied and Environmental
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Utilization of Certain Hydrocarbons by
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18. Throne-Holst, M. et al. (2006) Utilization of n-
alkanes by a newly isolated strain of
Acinetobacter venetianus: the role of two AlkB-
type alkane hydroxylases. Applied Microbiology
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20. Ratajczak, A. et al. (1998) Expression of alkane
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21. Omori, T. and Alexander, M. (1978) Bacterial
dehalogenation of halogenated alkanes and
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22. Lu, M. ( 2013) Degradation of short chain
polychlorinated paraffins by a new isolate: tests
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1273-1279.
23. Armfield, S.J. et al. (1995) Dehalogenation of
haloalkanes byRhodococcus erythropolis Y2.
Biodegradation 6 (3), 237-246.
21. การประชุมวิชาการวิศวกรรมฟาร์มและเทคโนโลยีการควบคุมอัตโนมัติระดับชาติ ครั้งที่ 4
24 - 25 พฤศจิกายน 2560 โรงแรมวีวิช อำ�เภอเมือง จังหวัดขอนแก่น
11
การทดสอบต้นแบบระบบพลาสมาอาร์คสาหรับกาจัดขยะอิเล็กทรอนิกส์
The test of plasma arc system prototype for electronic waste disposal
พรรษา ลิบลับ1*, วีรชัย อาจหาญ1, ทิพย์สุภินทร์ หินซุย2 และนัยวัฒน์ สุขทั่ง2
1 สาขาวิชาวิศวกรรมเกษตร สานักวิชาวิศวกรรมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีสุรนารี ต.สุรนารี อ.เมือง จ.นครราชสีมา 30000
2 ศูนย์ความเป็นเลิศทางด้านชีวมวล มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีสุรนารี ต.สุรนารี อ.เมือง จ.นครราชสีมา 30000
*ติดต่อ: pansa.liplap@gmail.com, 044-225007, เบอร์โทรสาร 044-225046
บทคัดย่อ
การศึกษาครั้งนี้ ได้ทาการออกแบบเตาพลาสมาสาหรับเผากาจัดขยะอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ โดยมีขนาดเตาสูงสุด
15 L ซึ่งอ้างอิงจากขนาดของหัวพลาสมา 50 kW ห้องเผาทามาจากคอนกรีตทนไฟ มีการติดตั้งหัวพลาสมาด้านบน
ของเตา และมีทางออกของแก๊ส ในการทดสอบเตาครั้งนี้จะทาการศึกษาผลของลักษณะทางกายภาพของวัตถุดิบ
โดยพบว่า ลักษณะทางกายภาพของวัตถุดิบ E-waste มีผลต่อสมรรถนะอย่างมาก โดยที่วัตถุดิบที่มีลักษณะหยาบ
จะทาให้เกิดการกระจายตัวของความร้อนจากพลาสมาได้ดีกว่าแบบละเอียด เพราะไม่เกิดเถ้าหลอมเป็นแผ่นกั้นการ
ถ่ายเทความร้อนเหมือนกับวัตถุดิบละเอียด ทาให้ประสิทธิภาพทางความร้อนและประสิทธิภาพการกาจัด (Volume
Reduction) สูง
คาหลัก: ขยะอิเล็คทรอนิกส์ ; พลาสมาอาร์ค ; การผลิตพลังงาน
Abstract
In this study, a reactor with a volume of 15 L was designed based on the available plasma power,
which is 50 kW of the electricity consumption. The reactor was manufactured from mild steel and
equipped with a lining of high-temperature concrete. The plasma torch was installed on the top of reactor.
A gas outlets was located at the reactor wall. For the tests, the effects of material size on the system
performance was investigated. It was found that the material size, characterized as rough and fine E-
wastes, had a great effects on the performance. The rough E-waste allowed plasma heat distribution
better than the fine one. The fine E-waste caused a plate of melting slag, impeding heat transfer to the
bottom material. This would result in lower thermal efficiency and volume reduction.
Keywords: Electronics Waste ; Plasma Arc ; Energy Production
1. บทนา
ในปั จจุบัน เครื่องใช้ไฟ ฟ้ าและอุปกรณ์
อิเล็กทรอนิกส์ มีปริมาณการผลิตและความต้องการ
ของผู้บริโภคเพิ่มมากขึ้น ดังนั้น สิ่งที่ตามมาก็คือ
ปัญหาการจัดการซากผลิตภัณฑ์ที่เสื่อมสภาพ หรือที่
เรียกว่า “ขยะอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ (E-waste)” ซึ่งขยะ
ประเภทนี้จาเป็นต้องมีการจัดการเป็นพิเศษ เนื่องจาก
มีสารพิษซึ่งเป็นอันตรายต่อมนุษย์และสิ่งแวดล้อม อีก
ทั้งจากการคาดการณ์ของกรมควมคุมมลพิษในปี
2555 จะมีปริมาณ E-waste น้าหนักรวมกว่าแสนตัน
และมีแนวโน้มสูงขึ้นเรื่อยๆ ดังนั้น การกาจัด E-waste
จึงถือเป็นปัญหาสาคัญที่ต้องเร่งดาเนินการ เนื่องจาก
อาจส่งผลกระทบรุนแรงต่อสุขภาพและสิ่งแวดล้อม
อาทิ ในตาบลโคกสะอาด อาเภอฆ้องชัย จังหวัด