2. Introduction
1
Part 1 - Tribal Scars by Ousmane Sembene
2
Part 3 - Anticipation by Mabel -
Dove Danquah (Ghana)
4
Part 2 - The Ultimate Safari by
Nadine Gordimer
3
Contents
3. Introduction
A short story of African literature is a short
piece of fiction that reflects the diverse
experiences, cultures, histories, and
perspectives of the African continent and its
people.
5. Tribal Scars is a collection of
short stories by Senegalese
author Ousmane Sembène.
It was originally published in
French as Voltaique in 1962.
Tribal Scars
7. Tribal Scars is a short story in which
Ousmane presents a theory of how
tribal scarring first began. Amoo finds
his daughter on the slave ship the
African. He takes her back to the
village. The village is attacked by slave-
hunters. Only way to save his daughter
is to cut her all over her body to give
her permanent scars.
PLOT
8. Amoo, Iome (Amoo’s daughter),
Momutu, Saer
CHARACTERS
The main characters are Amoo, Iome
and Momutu. Amoo is the lead
character. Iome is Amoo’s daughter.
Momutu is the leader of the slaves who
initiated their plan to get away from
the slave-hunters.
10. Tribal scar, which represents the
sacrifice, identity, and resistance of the
African people against colonial
oppression. The scars is eventually
accepted by all is that African tribes, so
that they would not be taken as slaves,
and ever since then, tribal scarring has
been a symbol of freedom.
SYMBOL
12. The theme is a father-daughter
relation, because Amoo & Iome
have a very close bond. They
both display they’re love for
each other; Amoo cuts Iome to
save her from slavery
THEME
15. Nadine Gordimer is a
well-known writer who
won the 1974 Booker
Prize.
Nadine Gordimer
16. "The Ultimate Safari" tells the story of a
young Mozambican girl and her family
facing the challenges of war and
displacement. After losing their home,
they embark on a tough journey
through Kruger Park, seeking safety.
The narrative unfolds with their
struggles, losses, and eventual
settlement in a refugee camp.
PLOT
17. CHARACTERS
• Narrator - A young girl from Mozambique,
guiding us through the tale as she tries to make
sense of her parents' mysterious disappearances
during wartime.
• Mother - A central character who leaves for the
shop one night and never returns, leaving a void
in the family.
18. CHARACTERS
• Grandmother - The family's strong support
system, guiding them through tough times.
• Grandfather - A tragic figure lost during the
family's journey through Kruger Park.
23. Mabel Ellen Doves was a
freedom fighter, political activist,
first female member of the
Legislative Assembly in the gold
coast, journalist and prolific
writer.
ANTICIPATION
24. the Omanhene of Nikwabi, Akwasin Nana Adaku II
was celebrating his 20th anniversary of accession. On
the crowd of dancers Nana threw a handful of cash but
one dancer neglected him, so he commanded his linguist
to investigate the women. Effua came to the
Omanhene's place for the bidding of the marriage
dowry. Nana talked casually and appreciated the
beauty of the women. Effua revealed the truth that
Nana had paid a hundred of pounds and married her 2
years ago.
PLOT
25. CHARACTERS
• Nana Adaku - A great chief of Nikwabi who had
labeled as "philanderer" because of his forty
marriages.
• Effua - One among Nana Adaku's forty wives. She
was honest, generous and practical.
• Linguist - Nana Adaku's trusted Linguist who is
obedient and reliable.
26. • Nikwabi - The capital of
Akwasin
• Park - Where the Odwira
was to be staged.
SETTING
27. The cash thrown by Nana Adaku
symbolize wealth, power and
perhaps the transactional nature
of relationship in the context of
marriage and dowry customs.
SYMBOL
34. David Mandessi Diop or David Diop
Born: July 9, 1927
Died: August 29, 1960
Born in France
He was know for his involvement in
the negritude movement in France.
AUTHORS BACKGROUND
35. A. Anadiplosis
FIGURES OF SPEECH AND POETIC
DEVICES USE IN THE POEM
The blood of your sweat
The sweat of your work
The work of your slavery
The slavery of your children
B. Symbolism
- Scars, whip and blood
- Black blood
C. Imagery Gustatory image
Bitter taste of liberty
Thermo image
The sweat of your work
36. D. Personification
FIGURES OF SPEECH AND POETIC
DEVICES USE IN THE POEM
- But a grave voice answer me
- Your beautiful black blood
- The sweat of your work
- Is this you this back that is bent?
E. Exaggeration
- Your beautiful black blood
- Your beautiful black blood that
irrigates the field
F. Anaphora
Africa my africa
Africa of proud wariors in the
ancestral savannah
Africa of whom my grandmother sing
37. MESSAGE
The overall message of the poem Africa by David Diop is one of
hope and resistance for the people of Africa. The poet expresses
his love and pride for his native land, as well as his pain and
anger for the colonial oppression and slavery that his ancestors
endured. He also imagines a future where Africa will regain its
freedom and dignity, and compares it to a young and strong tree
that bears the bitter fruit of liberty. The poem is a part of the
Négritude literary movement, which aimed to celebrate the
African culture and identity in the face of colonialism.
38. Africa by David Diop is a poem that expresses the
poet's love for his homeland and his hope for its
liberation from colonialism.
CONCLUSION
40. Chinua Achebe was a Nigerian novelist,
poet, and critic who is regarded as a central
figure of modern African literature. His first
novel and magnum opus, Things Fall Apart,
occupies a pivotal place in African literature
and remains the most widely studied,
translated, and read African novel.
AUTHORS BACKGROUND
41. Born: November 16, 1930, Ogidi, Nigeria
Died: March 21, 2013 (age 82 years), Boston,
Massachusetts, United States
Edited works: Don't Let Him Die: An Anthology of
Memorial Poems for Christopher Okigbo (1932-1967),
MORE
Organization founded: Association of Nigerian
Authors
AUTHORS BACKGROUND
42. Achebe uses alliteration
in the second and third
lines:
FIGURES OF SPEECH AND POETIC
DEVICES USE IN THE POEM
“and drizzle of one despondent/ dawn unstirred by harbingers.”
But this is an enjambed line and so doesn't give the ebb and
flow usually associated with alliteration. This helps to emphasize
the bleak tone Achebe is trying to achieve.
B. Symbolism Vultures symbolize death and decomposition. The poet tells us
that these symbols of death and evil, who eat the decaying
corpses, can have a loving side. This image of love contrasts
with their evil nature. bashed-in head – another image of
violence that creates a terrifying/ugly picture of them.
Language and Imagery
The essence of the poem is the extended metaphor; evil is
represented by repulsive imagery. Descriptions like 'bashed-in',
'swollen corpse', 'gross feathers', 'charnal house' , 'human
roast' create the horrific atmosphere.
43. MESSAGE
The message of this piece is hinted at in the last stanza.
Through this poem, Achebe tells readers that even in the
cold caverns of someone’s cruel heart, love can exist. This
love is compared to a “germ” that not only affects the
loved ones but also others around a person, from
humanity’s perspective.
44. The ending/conclusion of the poem is
ambiguous/two sided. On one hand, Achebe
praises God and providence that even the cruellest
of creatures can show love. On the other hand,
these creatures show love for their families only
and continue to commit cruel acts towards others.
CONCLUSION
46. Gabriel Imomotimi Okara was born in
Bumodi, Nigeria on April 24, 1921 and died
on March 25, 2019 at the age of 97.
Gabriel Okara is a Nigerian poet and
novelist whose work has been translated
into several languages. He is considered to
be the first modernist poet of Anglophone
Africa.
AUTHORS BACKGROUND
47. A. Metaphor
FIGURES OF SPEECH AND POETIC
DEVICES USE IN THE POEM
• ice-block-cold eyes
B. Simile
• I have learned to wear many faces like dresses
• shows only my teeth like a snake’s bare fangs
• With all their conforming smiles like a fixed portrait smile
C. Repetition
In the first stanza, the word “laugh” is repeated for the sake of
emphasis. A similar scheme also goes for the following stanza.
The words “shake hands” are repeated there.
49. The poet wants to regain his lost innocence and
honesty that he had as a child and he wants to
unlearn the false habits that he has acquired over
time. He asks his son to teach him how to laugh
and smile sincerely, without hiding his true feelings.
He hopes that his son will not grow up to be like
the people in the modern society who are fake.
CONCLUSION
