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After the completion of this presentation we will know about:
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hematology laboratory.
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Hematology is the branch of medicine, that is concerned with the study of blood, blood forming organs and blood diseases. It includes study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood diseases .
After the completion of this presentation we will know about:
What is hematology and its purpose.
hematology laboratory.
Blood and its compositions and collections
Hematology lab equipment's
Some hematological tests , disease and hazards too.
Dogs blood is determined by Erythrocytes antigens on the RBC. Eight groups are identified,and before transfusion,donor and recipient blood groups must be typed to prevent compatibility problems.
Concurrent Determination of ABO RhD Blood Types and the HIV-1 Resistance Mark...Thermo Fisher Scientific
For optimal outcomes when matching bone marrow donors with their recipients, it is preferable to use bone marrow of identical or compatible blood types. Bone marrow registries thus require high resolution HLA genotyping data to match donor specimens with their recipients. We developed a research assay to aid in these investigations, which utilizes buccal swab DNA from potential donors to determine the ABO and Rh-antigen genotypes. In addition, the assay detects a 32 bp deletion in the CCR5 gene. Homozygous carriers of this deletion are resistant to HIV-1 infection, and thus could be valuable stem cell donors for HIV-infected recipients
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Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
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VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
1. ORDER OF DRAW
1. BLOOD CULTURE
2. LIGHT BLUE VACUTAINER
3. BLACK
4. RED
5. GOLDEN
6. GREEN
7. LAVENDER
8. YELLOW
9. GREY
Blood samples should be drawn in the following order to avoid cross contamination
of additives between the tubes.
2. BLOOD CULTURE BOTTLE
USES : Culture
First take Aerobic , later on Anerobic culture
Adults : 8-10 ml
Pediatrics : 1-3 ml
3. VACUTAINER TUBE
CAP COLOR : SKY BLUE
USES :
Used in coagulation studies ,
PT, APTT
INR
D-Dimer
Fibrinogen
Platelet function
It contains SODIUM CITRATE
Ratio = 1:9
4. fill blood sample up to the
marking,
Achieve a ratio of 1:9
3-4 inversions
5. VACUTAINER TUBE
CAP COLOR : BLACK
USES :
ESR (Westergren’s method)
It contains SODIUM CITRATE
Ratio = 1:4
6. VACUTAINER TUBE
CAP COLOR : RED
USES :
SEROLOGY
INDIRECT COOMB’S TEST
Powdered glass ( contact clot activator)
Note : transport @ 37 degree celcius , if suspecting AIHA ,
5-6 inversions
7. VACUTAINER TUBE
CAP COLOR : GOLDEN
USES :
CHEMISTRY, IMMUNOLOGY,
IRON, VITAMIN B12, folate
studies
Bacterial / viral serology
( polymer gel with powdered glass)
6 inversions required
8. VACUTAINER TUBE
CAP COLOR : GREEN
USES :
Arterial blood gas(ABG) Analysis,
Lithium levels
Electrolytes estimation
Osmotic fragility
(Na / Li heparin)
8-10 inversions required
9. VACUTAINER TUBE
CAP COLOR : LEVANDER
USES :
HEMATOLOGY,
CBC, Hb, HBA1C,
Retic count
Blood grouping, Rh typing
TLC, DLC, ESR
Lymphocytic markers, malarial Ag, FISH
( EDTA)
Adult : 4 ml , pediatric : 2 ml
8-10 inversions
10. VACUTAINER TUBE
CAP COLOR : YELLOW
USES :
HLA Typing
Paternity testing
DNA studies
( acid-citrate-dextrose)
11. VACUTAINER TUBE
CAP COLOR : GREY
USES :
Blood glucose analysis
Alcohol , lactate analysis
(Na fluoride /K+ oxalate)
12. Cap color Uses Special points
Sky blue (Na-CITRATE 1:9) PT, INR, APTT, D- DIMER, FIBRINOGEN,
PLATELET FUNCTION
3-4 INVERSIONS
Black (Na citrate 1:4) ESR (Westergren’s)
Red (clot activator) Serology, indirect coomb’s test Transport @ 37˚ C for AIHA,
5-6 inversions
Golden (polymer gel with powdered
glass)
Chemistry, immunology, iron,vitamin b12,
folate study, bacterial/viral serology
6 inversions
Green ( Na /Li heparin) ABG analysis, lithium levels, electrolytes
estimation
8-10 inversions
Levander (EDTA) CBC, Hb, blood group , HBA1C , TLC,DLC,
ESR, Retic count, lymphocytic markers,PTH
Adults : 4 ml,
Pediatrics : 2 ml
8-10 inversions
Yellow (ACD) HLA typing, paternity testing, DNA studies
Grey (Na Flouride/ K+ oxalate) Blood glucose estimation ,
Alcohol, lactate analysis
SUMMARY :
