Block printing has a long history originating in East Asia over 4,000 years ago. The earliest known example of block printing was done in China before 220 CE on silk cloth. The technique later spread throughout Asia and the world. The process involves carving designs and patterns onto wooden blocks which are then pressed onto fabric along with pigment dyes to create colorful prints. It is a labor intensive and time-consuming process requiring artistry and skill. Major centers of traditional block printing include India, China, Japan and communities still practice this centuries-old art today.
Printing is a process of applying text and images onto surfaces like paper, cloth, and other materials. The earliest known printing was done in China during the Han dynasty using woodblock printing on cloth. Paper was first used for printing in the 7th century. Wooden and metal movable type was developed in Asia, allowing text to be arranged and reprinted more easily. The traditional process of woodblock printing involved carving images and text in reverse onto blocks, inking them, and pressing them onto paper or fabric to leave an impression. Block printing later spread to Europe and was used to print books and other materials. It remains an important craft in many parts of Asia today.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of printing from its origins in China to modern techniques. It discusses early woodblock printing in China and its spread to Korea and Europe. Key developments included movable type in Korea, Gutenberg's printing press, and the later use of rotary presses. A variety of printing styles are covered such as woodcuts, engraving, etching, and techniques used for textiles like Bagh prints and Kalamkari.
Printmaking is an artistic process that allows for the creation of multiple artworks through the transfer of images from a matrix onto paper or fabric. Traditional techniques include woodcut, etching, engraving, and lithography. A modern expanded range of techniques now includes screen printing. The matrix acts as a template that can be made from various materials like wood, metal, or glass. Printmaking has roots in ancient times but flourished as a means of communication, allowing artists to disseminate images to large audiences. Notable printmakers through history include Durer, Rembrandt, Hokusai, and Picasso.
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing
Block printing is a method of printing patterns on textiles or paper using carved wooden blocks. It originated in China over 1500 years ago and has spread to India, Japan, and other parts of Asia. The key steps are carving a design into a block, applying ink to the block, and pressing it onto fabric or paper to transfer the design. Common materials used for blocks include wood, linoleum, and rubber. Traditional block printing techniques from India include direct printing, resist printing, and discharge printing. Popular designs printed using this method include floral patterns, paisleys, and geometrics.
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing
Woodblock printing was the first major printing technique, originating in China before 220 AD. It involved carving characters or images in relief on wooden blocks to create prints. Movable type was later invented in China around 1040 AD, allowing for quicker page setting than woodblock printing. The printing press was invented around 1440 and was a major breakthrough, allowing for widespread printing of texts. Various intaglio printmaking techniques like etching, mezzotint and aquatint were developed, using acid or tools to cut into metal plates to create detailed prints. Lithography, invented in 1796, was based on the repulsion of oil and water and allowed for printing from stone or metal plates. Chromolithography,
Breathing Life into Paper_ The Ancient Art of Paper Cutting by Sachiko Abe an...Abir Pothi
Explore the ancient art of paper cutting, from Sachiko Abe's mesmerizing installations to modern-day Kirigami artists, in this in-depth exploration of the meditative and transformative world of precision paper craftsmanship
Printing is a process of applying text and images onto surfaces like paper, cloth, and other materials. The earliest known printing was done in China during the Han dynasty using woodblock printing on cloth. Paper was first used for printing in the 7th century. Wooden and metal movable type was developed in Asia, allowing text to be arranged and reprinted more easily. The traditional process of woodblock printing involved carving images and text in reverse onto blocks, inking them, and pressing them onto paper or fabric to leave an impression. Block printing later spread to Europe and was used to print books and other materials. It remains an important craft in many parts of Asia today.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of printing from its origins in China to modern techniques. It discusses early woodblock printing in China and its spread to Korea and Europe. Key developments included movable type in Korea, Gutenberg's printing press, and the later use of rotary presses. A variety of printing styles are covered such as woodcuts, engraving, etching, and techniques used for textiles like Bagh prints and Kalamkari.
Printmaking is an artistic process that allows for the creation of multiple artworks through the transfer of images from a matrix onto paper or fabric. Traditional techniques include woodcut, etching, engraving, and lithography. A modern expanded range of techniques now includes screen printing. The matrix acts as a template that can be made from various materials like wood, metal, or glass. Printmaking has roots in ancient times but flourished as a means of communication, allowing artists to disseminate images to large audiences. Notable printmakers through history include Durer, Rembrandt, Hokusai, and Picasso.
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing
Block printing is a method of printing patterns on textiles or paper using carved wooden blocks. It originated in China over 1500 years ago and has spread to India, Japan, and other parts of Asia. The key steps are carving a design into a block, applying ink to the block, and pressing it onto fabric or paper to transfer the design. Common materials used for blocks include wood, linoleum, and rubber. Traditional block printing techniques from India include direct printing, resist printing, and discharge printing. Popular designs printed using this method include floral patterns, paisleys, and geometrics.
Printing is a process for mass reproducing text and images using a master form or template. The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus. The earliest known form of printing as applied to paper was woodblock printing
Woodblock printing was the first major printing technique, originating in China before 220 AD. It involved carving characters or images in relief on wooden blocks to create prints. Movable type was later invented in China around 1040 AD, allowing for quicker page setting than woodblock printing. The printing press was invented around 1440 and was a major breakthrough, allowing for widespread printing of texts. Various intaglio printmaking techniques like etching, mezzotint and aquatint were developed, using acid or tools to cut into metal plates to create detailed prints. Lithography, invented in 1796, was based on the repulsion of oil and water and allowed for printing from stone or metal plates. Chromolithography,
Breathing Life into Paper_ The Ancient Art of Paper Cutting by Sachiko Abe an...Abir Pothi
Explore the ancient art of paper cutting, from Sachiko Abe's mesmerizing installations to modern-day Kirigami artists, in this in-depth exploration of the meditative and transformative world of precision paper craftsmanship
Printmaking is the process of making multiple artworks through various techniques involving transferring ink from a matrix or screen onto paper or other material. The main printmaking techniques discussed include intaglio methods like engraving, etching, mezzotint and aquatint where ink is pressed into lines or tones on a plate before printing; lithography which uses the repulsion of oil and water to create images on stone or metal plates; and screenprinting which forces ink through a fabric stencil using a squeegee. Artists over centuries have experimented with these techniques to produce artistic prints.
PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD..pdfSangeethaT30
Print culture emerged with the advent of printing presses in Europe and East Asia. In China, woodblock printing was used from the 8th century AD to reproduce texts. Johannes Gutenberg developed the movable type printing press in the 15th century, vastly increasing the production of books in Europe. Print culture standardized languages and disseminated ideas on a mass scale, fueling movements like the Enlightenment and French Revolution. In India, printing was introduced by Portuguese missionaries in the 16th century and expanded under the British East India Company, though it was also subject to censorship by colonial authorities. Print culture brought new forms of literature and visual culture to both Europe and India.
1. Print culture emerged in Europe after the advent of the printing press and involved all forms of printed text and visual communication. It contrasted with earlier scribal culture where manuscripts were handwritten.
2. The history of books followed technological innovations that improved text preservation, access to information, portability and production costs. This was linked to political, economic, and religious developments.
3. The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, revolutionized book production by allowing movable type and faster, more affordable printing of books. This spread ideas and knowledge more widely.
- Print culture emerged in Europe after the advent of the printing press and involved all forms of printed text and visual communication.
- Two prominent scholars who studied print culture are Elizabeth Eisenstein, who contrasted print culture with earlier scribal culture, and Walter Ong, who contrasted written culture to oral culture.
- The history of books follows technological innovations that improved text preservation, access to information, portability and production costs. This history is linked to political, economic, and religious developments.
1) Print culture encompasses all printed text and visual communication. Prominent scholars like Elizabeth Eisenstein contrasted print culture, which emerged in Europe after the printing press, with earlier scribal culture.
2) The earliest form of print technology was developed in China, Japan, and Korea using hand printing from woodblocks. This allowed books to be duplicated with precision.
3) The printing press revolutionized book production in Europe. Gutenberg developed metal movable type, which could produce over 250 sheets per hour, far more than handwritten manuscripts. This made ideas more widely accessible and contributed to social and political changes.
The document provides an overview of Chinese culture, history, and architecture from ancient dynasties to modern times. It describes key details about the flags and dynasties that ruled China. The early dynasties like Xia, Shang, and Zhou built rammed earth walls and wooden structures for palaces, temples, and houses. Architecture evolved over time with the introduction of tile roofs, painted pillars, and separate spaces for women. Traditional Chinese arts like painting, calligraphy, crafts, and terracotta figures are also summarized.
Printing originated in China in the 6th century AD using woodblock printing. It involved carving text and images onto wooden blocks which were then inked and pressed onto paper. This allowed for mass reproduction of materials. Printing spread to Korea, Japan, and later to Europe via Marco Polo in the 13th century. Johannes Gutenberg developed the movable type printing press in the 15th century, vastly improving efficiency of book production. This led to a "print revolution" and mass production of books fueled the spread of ideas during the Protestant Reformation and Enlightenment. Literacy rates increased in the 18th century, growing the reading public and diversifying printed materials beyond religious texts.
This document discusses the history of print culture from its origins in China in 594 AD using woodblock printing, which later spread to Japan. It then covers the arrival of printing in Europe through Marco Polo in 1295 and the development of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1448. Key events mentioned include Buddhist missionaries introducing hand printing to Japan in 768-770 AD, the oldest printed book in Japan from 868 AD, and Martin Luther posting his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church in 1517, which helped spread his messages. The document traces the evolution and spread of print technology over centuries.
Traditional printed and dyed textiles use several techniques. Textile printing involves applying color to fabric in patterns using blocks, screens, or rollers. Common methods include direct printing, mordant printing, discharge dyeing, and resist dyeing. Specific techniques discussed include kalamkari printing from India, which uses pen drawings and natural dyes to depict myths. Block printing involves carving designs into wood or other blocks to transfer pigment to fabric. Rogan painting from Gujarat uses boiled oil paint and vegetable dyes applied with blocks or brushes. Other techniques include Mata ni Pachedi sacred textiles from Gujarat which combine block printing and freehand painting with natural dyes.
The document provides information about various art forms and crafts from several Southeast Asian countries. It discusses batik textiles from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. It also describes shadow puppetry (wayang kulit) from Java, kites from Malaysia, silk weaving and lanterns from Thailand, weaving techniques like ikat from Cambodia, textiles made from rice paper in Laos, and silk painting as a popular Vietnamese art form. The document aims to highlight how artistic traditions in Southeast Asia often incorporate religious and cultural themes that are influenced by each society.
The document discusses the history of print culture around the world. It begins with print in China, where hand printing of books began in the 6th century AD using wood blocks. Print culture expanded in China to serve the needs of the imperial bureaucracy and later a growing urban populace. Print also spread to Japan and Europe via China. Johannes Gutenberg developed the mechanical printing press in Europe in the 15th century, vastly increasing the production of books and enabling the "print revolution" that created a new mass reading public where knowledge was increasingly spread through the printed rather than spoken word.
Kriti Tolani's project report summarizes her process for developing a fashion collection inspired by traditional Indian art and craft. She researched various art forms from different Indian states and was particularly drawn to traditional embroideries. She created a storyboard about reviving dying Indian traditions. Her motif combines elements from Kashida paisleys, Kantha embroidery, Gujarati mirror work, and other techniques. She developed a toile and final dress applying the motif to a skirt using traditional Indian stitches. The report documents her design process from influences to final creation in fulfilling her course requirements.
Origami originated in China in the 1st-2nd centuries CE and was brought to Japan by monks in the 6th century. It developed as a cultural tradition in Japan between 1603-1868 and later spread to the West in the 19th-20th centuries. The art of folding paper to create intricate objects grew out of a time when paper was scarce; it was originally practiced only by wealthy people and for occasions like weddings or gifts. Akira Yoshizawa, a 20th century Japanese origamist, helped develop modern origami by creating diagrams to teach folding patterns. The document encourages readers to try origami and learn lessons of creation and possibility through folding their own original 3D shapes from paper.
Collage is an art form that involves pasting together various materials such as paper, fabric, photographs, and other found objects to form a new image or artwork. It began in the early 20th century when cubist artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque began gluing materials onto their canvases. There are several types of collages including paper collage, fabric collage, and mixed media collage which combines different materials. Common materials used in collage include various papers, fabrics, photographs, and found objects.
The document discusses various aspects of print culture and its development around the world. It provides details on:
- The earliest forms of printing emerging in East Asian nations like China and Japan beginning in the 6th century AD using woodblock printing.
- Printing techniques spreading from China to Europe via Marco Polo in the 13th century.
- Johannes Gutenberg developing the movable type printing press in 1450s, allowing books to be widely printed.
- The print revolution transforming society by spreading knowledge, increasing literacy, and enabling new forms of publication and readership.
Visual Communication lecture 4 1 rhythm, pattern and repetitionWilfred Dexter Tanedo
This document discusses rhythm, pattern, and repetition in art. It begins by defining each term: repetition refers to repeating objects or shapes, pattern is a combination of repeating elements in a regular arrangement, and rhythm combines repeating elements with variations. The document then examines examples of repetition, pattern, and rhythm in various artworks. It discusses how these elements can be used symbolically, for decoration, and in different rhythmic styles like regular, alternating, flowing, and progressive. Plates or creative works exploring these concepts through geometric shapes, organic forms, thumbprints, and leaf imprints are also proposed.
Etching is a printmaking technique where an artist scratches a design through an acid-resistant ground on a metal plate which is then dipped in acid to etch the design. The plate is then inked and printed, with the etched lines holding the ink. The document discusses the history of etching from the 15th century, profiles famous artists like Rembrandt and Picasso and their etching works, and describes different etching techniques like soft ground etching.
Woodblock printing originated in China as a method of printing on textiles, but was later adapted in Japan during the Edo period to print on paper. It involves carving an image or design onto a woodblock which is then inked and pressed onto paper or fabric. The most common themes in Japanese woodblock prints, known as ukiyo-e, depict scenes of everyday life and nature. Ukiyo-e art became popular among both the upper and common classes in Japan. The document provides instructions for making one's own woodblock print using simple materials like Styrofoam, paint, and paper.
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
Printmaking is the process of making multiple artworks through various techniques involving transferring ink from a matrix or screen onto paper or other material. The main printmaking techniques discussed include intaglio methods like engraving, etching, mezzotint and aquatint where ink is pressed into lines or tones on a plate before printing; lithography which uses the repulsion of oil and water to create images on stone or metal plates; and screenprinting which forces ink through a fabric stencil using a squeegee. Artists over centuries have experimented with these techniques to produce artistic prints.
PRINT CULTURE AND THE MODERN WORLD..pdfSangeethaT30
Print culture emerged with the advent of printing presses in Europe and East Asia. In China, woodblock printing was used from the 8th century AD to reproduce texts. Johannes Gutenberg developed the movable type printing press in the 15th century, vastly increasing the production of books in Europe. Print culture standardized languages and disseminated ideas on a mass scale, fueling movements like the Enlightenment and French Revolution. In India, printing was introduced by Portuguese missionaries in the 16th century and expanded under the British East India Company, though it was also subject to censorship by colonial authorities. Print culture brought new forms of literature and visual culture to both Europe and India.
1. Print culture emerged in Europe after the advent of the printing press and involved all forms of printed text and visual communication. It contrasted with earlier scribal culture where manuscripts were handwritten.
2. The history of books followed technological innovations that improved text preservation, access to information, portability and production costs. This was linked to political, economic, and religious developments.
3. The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, revolutionized book production by allowing movable type and faster, more affordable printing of books. This spread ideas and knowledge more widely.
- Print culture emerged in Europe after the advent of the printing press and involved all forms of printed text and visual communication.
- Two prominent scholars who studied print culture are Elizabeth Eisenstein, who contrasted print culture with earlier scribal culture, and Walter Ong, who contrasted written culture to oral culture.
- The history of books follows technological innovations that improved text preservation, access to information, portability and production costs. This history is linked to political, economic, and religious developments.
1) Print culture encompasses all printed text and visual communication. Prominent scholars like Elizabeth Eisenstein contrasted print culture, which emerged in Europe after the printing press, with earlier scribal culture.
2) The earliest form of print technology was developed in China, Japan, and Korea using hand printing from woodblocks. This allowed books to be duplicated with precision.
3) The printing press revolutionized book production in Europe. Gutenberg developed metal movable type, which could produce over 250 sheets per hour, far more than handwritten manuscripts. This made ideas more widely accessible and contributed to social and political changes.
The document provides an overview of Chinese culture, history, and architecture from ancient dynasties to modern times. It describes key details about the flags and dynasties that ruled China. The early dynasties like Xia, Shang, and Zhou built rammed earth walls and wooden structures for palaces, temples, and houses. Architecture evolved over time with the introduction of tile roofs, painted pillars, and separate spaces for women. Traditional Chinese arts like painting, calligraphy, crafts, and terracotta figures are also summarized.
Printing originated in China in the 6th century AD using woodblock printing. It involved carving text and images onto wooden blocks which were then inked and pressed onto paper. This allowed for mass reproduction of materials. Printing spread to Korea, Japan, and later to Europe via Marco Polo in the 13th century. Johannes Gutenberg developed the movable type printing press in the 15th century, vastly improving efficiency of book production. This led to a "print revolution" and mass production of books fueled the spread of ideas during the Protestant Reformation and Enlightenment. Literacy rates increased in the 18th century, growing the reading public and diversifying printed materials beyond religious texts.
This document discusses the history of print culture from its origins in China in 594 AD using woodblock printing, which later spread to Japan. It then covers the arrival of printing in Europe through Marco Polo in 1295 and the development of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in 1448. Key events mentioned include Buddhist missionaries introducing hand printing to Japan in 768-770 AD, the oldest printed book in Japan from 868 AD, and Martin Luther posting his 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church in 1517, which helped spread his messages. The document traces the evolution and spread of print technology over centuries.
Traditional printed and dyed textiles use several techniques. Textile printing involves applying color to fabric in patterns using blocks, screens, or rollers. Common methods include direct printing, mordant printing, discharge dyeing, and resist dyeing. Specific techniques discussed include kalamkari printing from India, which uses pen drawings and natural dyes to depict myths. Block printing involves carving designs into wood or other blocks to transfer pigment to fabric. Rogan painting from Gujarat uses boiled oil paint and vegetable dyes applied with blocks or brushes. Other techniques include Mata ni Pachedi sacred textiles from Gujarat which combine block printing and freehand painting with natural dyes.
The document provides information about various art forms and crafts from several Southeast Asian countries. It discusses batik textiles from Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei. It also describes shadow puppetry (wayang kulit) from Java, kites from Malaysia, silk weaving and lanterns from Thailand, weaving techniques like ikat from Cambodia, textiles made from rice paper in Laos, and silk painting as a popular Vietnamese art form. The document aims to highlight how artistic traditions in Southeast Asia often incorporate religious and cultural themes that are influenced by each society.
The document discusses the history of print culture around the world. It begins with print in China, where hand printing of books began in the 6th century AD using wood blocks. Print culture expanded in China to serve the needs of the imperial bureaucracy and later a growing urban populace. Print also spread to Japan and Europe via China. Johannes Gutenberg developed the mechanical printing press in Europe in the 15th century, vastly increasing the production of books and enabling the "print revolution" that created a new mass reading public where knowledge was increasingly spread through the printed rather than spoken word.
Kriti Tolani's project report summarizes her process for developing a fashion collection inspired by traditional Indian art and craft. She researched various art forms from different Indian states and was particularly drawn to traditional embroideries. She created a storyboard about reviving dying Indian traditions. Her motif combines elements from Kashida paisleys, Kantha embroidery, Gujarati mirror work, and other techniques. She developed a toile and final dress applying the motif to a skirt using traditional Indian stitches. The report documents her design process from influences to final creation in fulfilling her course requirements.
Origami originated in China in the 1st-2nd centuries CE and was brought to Japan by monks in the 6th century. It developed as a cultural tradition in Japan between 1603-1868 and later spread to the West in the 19th-20th centuries. The art of folding paper to create intricate objects grew out of a time when paper was scarce; it was originally practiced only by wealthy people and for occasions like weddings or gifts. Akira Yoshizawa, a 20th century Japanese origamist, helped develop modern origami by creating diagrams to teach folding patterns. The document encourages readers to try origami and learn lessons of creation and possibility through folding their own original 3D shapes from paper.
Collage is an art form that involves pasting together various materials such as paper, fabric, photographs, and other found objects to form a new image or artwork. It began in the early 20th century when cubist artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque began gluing materials onto their canvases. There are several types of collages including paper collage, fabric collage, and mixed media collage which combines different materials. Common materials used in collage include various papers, fabrics, photographs, and found objects.
The document discusses various aspects of print culture and its development around the world. It provides details on:
- The earliest forms of printing emerging in East Asian nations like China and Japan beginning in the 6th century AD using woodblock printing.
- Printing techniques spreading from China to Europe via Marco Polo in the 13th century.
- Johannes Gutenberg developing the movable type printing press in 1450s, allowing books to be widely printed.
- The print revolution transforming society by spreading knowledge, increasing literacy, and enabling new forms of publication and readership.
Visual Communication lecture 4 1 rhythm, pattern and repetitionWilfred Dexter Tanedo
This document discusses rhythm, pattern, and repetition in art. It begins by defining each term: repetition refers to repeating objects or shapes, pattern is a combination of repeating elements in a regular arrangement, and rhythm combines repeating elements with variations. The document then examines examples of repetition, pattern, and rhythm in various artworks. It discusses how these elements can be used symbolically, for decoration, and in different rhythmic styles like regular, alternating, flowing, and progressive. Plates or creative works exploring these concepts through geometric shapes, organic forms, thumbprints, and leaf imprints are also proposed.
Etching is a printmaking technique where an artist scratches a design through an acid-resistant ground on a metal plate which is then dipped in acid to etch the design. The plate is then inked and printed, with the etched lines holding the ink. The document discusses the history of etching from the 15th century, profiles famous artists like Rembrandt and Picasso and their etching works, and describes different etching techniques like soft ground etching.
Woodblock printing originated in China as a method of printing on textiles, but was later adapted in Japan during the Edo period to print on paper. It involves carving an image or design onto a woodblock which is then inked and pressed onto paper or fabric. The most common themes in Japanese woodblock prints, known as ukiyo-e, depict scenes of everyday life and nature. Ukiyo-e art became popular among both the upper and common classes in Japan. The document provides instructions for making one's own woodblock print using simple materials like Styrofoam, paint, and paper.
ARENA - Young adults in the workplace (Knight Moves).pdfKnight Moves
Presentations of Bavo Raeymaekers (Project lead youth unemployment at the City of Antwerp), Suzan Martens (Service designer at Knight Moves) and Adriaan De Keersmaeker (Community manager at Talk to C)
during the 'Arena • Young adults in the workplace' conference hosted by Knight Moves.
Technoblade The Legacy of a Minecraft Legend.Techno Merch
Technoblade, born Alex on June 1, 1999, was a legendary Minecraft YouTuber known for his sharp wit and exceptional PvP skills. Starting his channel in 2013, he gained nearly 11 million subscribers. His private battle with metastatic sarcoma ended in June 2022, but his enduring legacy continues to inspire millions.
Architectural and constructions management experience since 2003 including 18 years located in UAE.
Coordinate and oversee all technical activities relating to architectural and construction projects,
including directing the design team, reviewing drafts and computer models, and approving design
changes.
Organize and typically develop, and review building plans, ensuring that a project meets all safety and
environmental standards.
Prepare feasibility studies, construction contracts, and tender documents with specifications and
tender analyses.
Consulting with clients, work on formulating equipment and labor cost estimates, ensuring a project
meets environmental, safety, structural, zoning, and aesthetic standards.
Monitoring the progress of a project to assess whether or not it is in compliance with building plans
and project deadlines.
Attention to detail, exceptional time management, and strong problem-solving and communication
skills are required for this role.
Practical eLearning Makeovers for EveryoneBianca Woods
Welcome to Practical eLearning Makeovers for Everyone. In this presentation, we’ll take a look at a bunch of easy-to-use visual design tips and tricks. And we’ll do this by using them to spruce up some eLearning screens that are in dire need of a new look.
Visual Style and Aesthetics: Basics of Visual Design
Visual Design for Enterprise Applications
Range of Visual Styles.
Mobile Interfaces:
Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Design
Approach to Mobile Design
Patterns
Connect Conference 2022: Passive House - Economic and Environmental Solution...TE Studio
Passive House: The Economic and Environmental Solution for Sustainable Real Estate. Lecture by Tim Eian of TE Studio Passive House Design in November 2022 in Minneapolis.
- The Built Environment
- Let's imagine the perfect building
- The Passive House standard
- Why Passive House targets
- Clean Energy Plans?!
- How does Passive House compare and fit in?
- The business case for Passive House real estate
- Tools to quantify the value of Passive House
- What can I do?
- Resources
Maximize Your Content with Beautiful Assets : Content & Asset for Landing Page pmgdscunsri
Figma is a cloud-based design tool widely used by designers for prototyping, UI/UX design, and real-time collaboration. With features such as precision pen tools, grid system, and reusable components, Figma makes it easy for teams to work together on design projects. Its flexibility and accessibility make Figma a top choice in the digital age.
Explore the essential graphic design tools and software that can elevate your creative projects. Discover industry favorites and innovative solutions for stunning design results.
1. Printing is a process text and images, usually with ink on paper using a printing press but it can also be done on textiles and other materials. The
first printing was done on cloth in China during the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD) and was done in so called woodblock printing.
Paper was used for printing for the first time in 7th century.
Wooden movable type appeared in China by the 11th century and metal movable type in 12th century.
The two main printing techniques in Asia were woodblock printing (so called xylography) and printing with movable type. With woodblock
printing, text or image would be carved into a block of wood in negative (in mirror) and covered in ink. This block would be pressed onto paper
and left a correct image. Printing with movable type was done by assembling the board with different letter types which could be changed for
every different text.
Process of printing with woodblock went like this: Professional calligrapher would write a text on the slightly waxed sheets of paper. This paper
would be placed face down on a wooden block that had a thin layer of rice paste. Paper would then be rubbed with a flat palm-fiber brush and
the trace of ink would be left on the wood. Characters would be cut by the engraver who would cut out all the space around them with sharp-
edged tools. When all cutting is done, board was placed on the horizontal table, fixed and inked with a round horsehair inking brush. Printing was
done by lying of the paper on the inked surface of the block of wood and rubbing it with a long narrow pad. Paper is then taken off and left to dry.
This process only allowed for one side printing.
The first movable type was, again, invented in China in the 11th century and was made made of ceramics. Each character was one piece and text
was arranged in an iron frame that was set on an iron plate. Characters were arranged until the frame was full and then were placed near the fire
until they were warm. After that all set would be pressed with a board until they were leveled. Each character would exist in many copies to allow
for repetitions. At the same time, bronze movable type was used for printing money while wooden movable type was used for printing books.
Wooden movable type, which appeared for the first time in Western Xia period (1038–1227), was more durable during excessive printing,
repeated printing wore the character faces down and new character pieces needed to be carved. Wood printing existed in Europe since 1300 and
was used for printing on cloth. Johannes Gutenberg, of the German city of Mainz, developed European movable type printing technology around
1439. While movable type was much quicker than wood carving in Europe, in Asia turned out slower because of problems with handling the
several thousand logographs that were needed to make a text. But that didn’t lessen the importance of the printing and its influence on the
culture of the world.
2. Introduction
Block printing refers to the printing technique of pressing and stamping fabric with carved wooden blocks filled with
color. “Hand blocked” or “hand block printing” are other terms that refer to block printing.
There are so many steps involved, from carving each wooden block to preparing fabric, mixing dyes, and applying final touches.
Each block printing technique requires artistry, skill, and patience. It is the sum of these tasks that produces our gorgeous block
printed fabrics.
History
Block printing has a long history that spans thousands of years. Originating in East Asia, the technique existed in China as early as
the 2nd century CE; one of the earliest surviving woodblock printings was done before 220 CE. Images and text were cut into
blocks of wood and printed on silk cloth. Eventually, the printing made its way to paper, and by 600 CE the approach was used to
display religious texts, calendars, calligraphy, and more.
Early prints were stamped in one color beginning with black ink. Vermillion followed next, and the addition of this second color
was a big deal because, for every new hue introduced, a second carved block had to be produced and match up perfectly with
the other color. The Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644) was the peak of woodblock printing; the imagery produced during this time
comprised many different subject matter, from the opera to folklore to Chinese New Year. Starting in the 19th century the
technique was in decline as other forms of printing became in vogue.
Block printing is thought to have its origins in China over 4,000 years ago, before disseminating throughout Asia and the world.
The earliest record of block printing, though, isn’t on fabric but on a book known as the Diamond Sutra, which was printed 300
years before the Gutenberg Bible. The story of India’s journey to becoming the epicenter of block printing, though, is
complicated.
3. The dye is then applied using one of three methods. The direct method is the simplest: Dip a block into a dye, and then
stamp it onto the fabric. Discharge printing is used to create a white pattern on a colorful background. Printers place a
simple bleaching agent on the wooden blocks and stamp them to achieve this. Resist printing happens in reverse. The
wooden blocks are dipped in a waxy paste and stamped to create a pattern before the entire piece is dyed the final
color. Once it is dried, the paste is removed, and the untouched pattern remains.
The post-Mughal era saw increasing consolidation of power amongst Europeans in India, culminating in the British Raj,
which ruled until 1947. The rise of European industrialization meant that Britain began exporting their textiles to India,
forcing domestic weavers and printers to shut down and people to buy cheap imitations of their once iconic textiles.
British desire for complete control often turned violent: “They literally cut off the fingers of many weavers in India,” says
Gopinath. It also threatened to crush the once flourishing industry.
A 2015 exhibition at London’s Victoria & Albert Museum, entitled “The Fabric of India: Textiles in a Changing World,”
chronicled the state of Indian textiles during the British Raj. The craft became akin to a political statement, according to
the museum. Mohandas Gandhi even encouraged people to weave their textiles and don a khadi, a traditional garment
that soon became the symbol of Indian nationalists.
After the Raj ended, the textile industry took on a new life. Writer and activist Pupul Jayakar traveled to New York to attend an
exhibition opening at the Museum of Modern Art on Indian textiles in 1955, where she met Charles Eames. The two struck up a
friendship. Shortly thereafter, Eames and his wife Ray toured India and presented the newly formed government with a
document called The India Report, which examined the ways in which India could sustain and improve their traditional craft
industries. The resulting National Institute of Design was founded in 1961 and today is considered the preeminent authority on
Indian crafts, working tirelessly to protect and proliferate the art form.
In the 60 years since the formation of the NID, design lovers have fostered renewed interests in block-printed textiles. While their
global popularity was cemented during the Mughal period, Indian textiles have experienced something of a rebirth abroad, with
reverberations felt in India. “So many younger men are getting into the printing business,” says Shreya Shah, the founder of
4. This celebration of handicrafts and exuberant patterns fit right in with the maximalism that has come and gone (and
come again) over the last 60 years. Chintz and block print is a classic combination. As the National Institute of Design
rose to prowess, more Westerns found their way to the printers of Jaipur or Ahmedabad. John Robshaw, noted textile
designer and block print lover, was among them as he spent time at the NID. “These textiles are the same as art to
me,” says Robshaw. “It’s art that you are living with and using.”
Art is what these textiles should be considered, says Gopinath. “When I think of block print, a few things come to my
mind: the exquisite design, color, composition, and the hand and heart of a craftsperson.” For Shah, it’s much the
same. “As Indians, we know how much beauty we live around,” she says, “and I want the world to know it too.”
History Of Block Printing
As this art has a history starting from India, China, and Japan so many artisan communities in these countries practice this art
even today, and
each one of them has their particular way of doing this. Let us take a tour to Jaipur and learn this art majorly from this city of
Rajasthan.
As with most ancient practices, every process in this hand block printing is done with the help of a cloth and is labor-intensive
and
time-consuming. In the traditional method, cotton is torn by hand and scoured with soda ash before being washed and thrashed
repeatedly to
remove natural oils and scratches. Then it is treated with cow dung and castor oil to bleach it. Finally, a myrobalan nut bath
introduces tannins
that give the cloth a pale yellow color. All these steps need time to complete approximately two weeks, so a lot of effort is
involved in this
traditional practice.
In India, we have such communities in Gujarat, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh that follow the same traditional centuries-old
method of block
5. After mixing and testing the dyes, it’s time to prepare the dye pad. A dye pad consists of a rectangular wooden tray fitted with a
metal frame
wound with yards of nylon rope. (The taut rope mesh supplies a spring effect during printing.) Several layers of coarse sacking
material pile on
top of the rope mesh. The final layers are pieces of finer fabrics like silk, chiffon, or voile. The choice of the final layer depends on
the dye
saturation required for printing.
Next, we pour dye into the pads and even out the surface of the dye pad with a wedge of wood. At this point, we distribute the
woodblocks
color-wise among carts and organize them in the order of printing.
The block printing technique
Placement plays an important role when it comes to block printing techniques on fabric Printing follows an outside-in
orientation: the border is
printed before the main design. Before using any of the color blocks, artisans print the outline of the design. The block printer
dips the outline
block into the dye pad and moves down the length of the table. He carefully places the block onto the fabric and then strikes it
with the heel of
his hand.
The block carver chisels registration points on the outline block, which help with aligning the remaining blocks. The printer’s
hands are his only
tools here—he doesn’t use any other rulers!
6. •
If dyeing is required, it is done before printing.
The fabric is stretched over the printing table andfastened with small pins.
•
The printing starts from left to right.
•
When the block is applied to the fabric, it isslammed hard with the fist on the back of thehandle so that a good impression may
register.
The color is evened out in the tray with a wedge of woodand the block dipped into the outline color.
•
types of dyes: pigment dyes and rapid fast dyes (rapid dyesonce prepared for printing have to be utilized on that dayonly).
•
After printing, the garment is dried in the sun.(steaming isdone for both silk and cotton fabric).
7. Wood block preparation
Carved blocks absorb moisture during the printing process, and it’s critical that the wood doesn’t warp. To prevent warping, the
blocks stand in
trays of mustard oil for a few days. They drain over wads of fabric for several days more cure.
Block carvers then drill tiny holes into areas intended for application of flat color. Stuffing cotton into these holes at the time of
printing ensures
even color application.
To block print a design, artisans fill each element one block and one color at a time. They also use separate sets of blocks to
create the fabric
borders. Just like the main design, a border design might require multiple sets of carved wood blocks.
Creating colors for woodblock printing
Part of the woodblock printing process includes making determinations about the best dyeing technique for the design at hand.
Some warrant
easy-to-mix pigment dyes while others require the luminous colors achieved by vegetable dyes. Other designs need the color
fastness
guaranteed by rapid indigo sol and discharge dyes.
8. to an oil bath in order to prevent pigments from permeating deep. Two to three weeks into the bath, a block is ready for printing.
Each block has to be pressed firmly onto the cloth so that the print can take effect at one go. Multiple impressions of the same
dye are avoided to ensure consistent impressions.
But before a fabric can be printed, it’s cleaned and bleached to remove impurities and ensure that it takes the dye evenly. In
traditional facilities, use of camel dung, soda ash, and castor oil is still prevalent for treating the fabric, the process repeated
multiple times until the desired state of the cloth is reached.
A dye fixative or a mordant is used to capture the dye on to the fabric. The mordant, natural or chemical, laches with the dye and
fixes the color firmly. The way it works is that only the areas that have been treated with the mordant take the pigment.
Another technique of fixing the dye is to use resist printing, most popularly referred to as Dabu. Here, a resist (such as a mud
paste) is block printed to the areas designated to remain undyed. After imprinting the resists, the fabric is immersed in a pigment
vat until it takes the color of choice. The fabric is then left out in the sun to dry and for the printed colors to take firmly to the
cloth.