Bitcoin is a global cryptocurrency that has grown tremendously in market capitalization and value since its inception in 2009. It is a digital currency generated through a computer algorithm and encrypted to provide security. Bitcoin gets its name from cryptography concepts like hashing that act as a fingerprint or DNA for each bitcoin. Transactions are recorded on a distributed public ledger called a blockchain to provide transparency. While bitcoin allows for easy international transfers with low or no fees and high transparency, it also faces challenges of requiring strong networking, limited mining feasibility, and demand/supply price volatility due to a finite number of bitcoins.